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Price only One Dollar — less than retail price of the three Maps. 

ILLIISTRATEI) HAND BOOK 

OV IlIK 

GREAT WEST. 

A TUXJOHD Ol-^ STA'J^lSrrCS AND FAGTS, 

WITH ~ 

PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS FOR IMMIGRANTS 

AS TO 

Prolitable Investment of Labor & Capital 

IN i\DL"sjKiAi, I'l'usnrs IN riii: Gi'vHA r wkst. 



CONTENTS : 

^^The AclMint;ii:t ^ :iiid Resources of Mis- I Kansas, Resources unci Productions - 5 

souri ------ ^1 Kansas, Items of Projrress - - (h; 

Manufactories Wanted - - - >">, The New Process for Sinclting^ Iron - SS 

Immigration to Missouri - - - r^l New Mineral Discoveries - - . S9 

Who should Kmigrate West - - 151 What we are Importing - - - -91 

Missouri the American Vineyard - 17; Cheap Houses, Plans and Specifications 92 

Profits of Fanning in the W'est - ■ 20 Kansas, Growth and Population - - 94 

Hop Growing ----- 23J Advice to Immigrants . - . g$ 

,,Will Mining in Missouri Pay? 24! The Simmons Iron Mountain - 103 

y» Manufactures in St. Louis - - 28: New Iron Manufactories - - - loh 

Tin in Missouri ^11 Items of Progress up to Nov. i - - loS 

liailroad Progress in the West - ,;4 Business of St. L. & I. jNI. R. H. - 1 iS 

Stock Raising ..(o! Description of Missouri by Counties, 

i,-Sorghuni Culture - . - - 4^; alphabetically arranged - - iiy 

Kacts and Advice 49 Description and Price of 200 Farms - 162 

Missouri, Opinions of Eastern Editors 521 Index to adverti.sement.s — 3d page of cover. 

By N*ATHAN H. PARKER, 

Author of Books and Maps of Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Kan.sas, N'eliraska, etc 



i. 



1869. 



PIBLISHEH BV THi: 

Amkkican News Co. ------ New York. 

New YoKK Nhws Co. ..-.--.- " 

Nk.w England News Co. -.---.- Boston. 

Western Nkws Co ......:. Chicago. 

St. Louis Book and News Co. ------ St. Louis. 



ER'S 




CROVER $c 



HIGHEST 

PREMIUM 



Klaslie Siiteli aii<l IjocIc SlitoU 

SEWING MACHINES. 

vVW>vni>Ki:) THE OjsrL^L' 

§ross ®f tie Iie^lo^a oi E©m#r 

AT PARIS EXPOSITION. 1867— THE VERY HIGHEST PREMIUM. 
EVERY MACHINE 'WARRANTED. 

Sale^:i-ooiii 5]1 Nortli Foiirtli Street, 

ST. XtOXJIS, IVEO. 



THE 



SEWING MACHINE. 

Combines Strength, Beauty, Durability and Simplicity, 

AND STANDS WITirOl T A RI\'AL, IIAVIXG TAKEX Till: 

HIGHEST PREMIUMS 



I't'iiiisylvania state Fair, lS(i;{. 
Meehaiiii's' Institute, San Fraueiseo, 1!S(U. 
American Institute (Jold Jledal, N. Y., lS(ir>. 
State Pairs (ift'alif'ornia, ISO,") and 18(i(>. 
I'aris i;\)i(isifi()n, 1S(i7. 



New Enj^land As 1 Fair. I'roviilence, U.I. 1S(>7. 
New York State Fair, Duttalo. N. Y., 18«7. 
Mechanics' Association, Lowell, Mass., 1SG7. 
Marj'iaml Institute, lialtiinore. Md., IS(;7. 
American Institute. New Yorlv, 1S()7. 



And .alsii at ovcrj- Coiiiity Fair wlicn- true merit and 

Samples of Work made on the Machine were the Test ! 

GENERAL AGENT, 

x<>. Gia NORTH Foiiini I s rni<:p/i\ 

SAINT LOUIS, MO. 



'/ 



1 



INTRODUCTION. ' > , 

According to custom, the public have a right to expect an " in- 
troduction " in this the pioneer number of what we hope to make 
a regular periodical. The title of the work defines the subject; 
and the subject, it is presumed, explains the object. The writer, 
having spent the greater part of fifteen years past in efforts to in- 
duce immigration, by portraying the natural advantages and re- 
sources of the Great West, through the publication, during that 
period, of seven bound volumes, and several maps, besides almost 
weekly contributions to newspapers, either as editor or correspon- 
dent, flatters himself he needs no introduction, especially to the^ 
people of the West, thousands of whom have patronized his worker 
itefore coming. 

The West has become the grand centre of the world's emigrants" 
— of its most enterprising population, its labor and its capital. — 
The growth of the Great West in point of population, wealth, 
material progress, in the means of intercommunication, in its lib- 
eral and permanent provision for the general and thorough edu- 
cation of its rising millions, is without a parallel in the histor}' of 
the world. 

Notwithstanding the rapid strides which the West has made in 
civilization and wealth — towns and cities, within a very few 
years, having spruiig into existence and grown with such rapidity 
iind power that the}' iiow outrival in population and entei'prise 
some cities of the East with two centuries of growth on their re- 
cord — yet the demand for immigration in Missouri and Kansas is 
gi'CJiter to-day than ever before; (the reasons for which are fully 
stated in another article). 

A number of energetic, reliable business men have organized 
" TuE Western Farm and Immigration Company," with a 
liberal capital . By its charter, this company is 

authorized to "purchase, hold, improve, cultivate, lease, rent, sell, 
transfer or otherwise dispose of real, personal and mixc.l estate, 
of whatever nature, in the State of Missouri and other States ; to 

do a general business, either in real estate, farming, stDck-raisinff, 
1 



mining or manufacturing; to erect buildings, hotels, dwellings, 
stores, academies, seminaries, railroad depots, markets, or any- 
class of buildings; to do any kind of business which may result 
beneficially to those seeking homes and the investment of capital in 
the West ; to publish and distribute a periodical of general infor- 
mation respecting the advantages and resources of the West, for 
the purpose of encouraging and inducing immigration into the 
State of 3Iissouri and the Mississippi Yalley, and for any other 
purpose for mutual profit and benefit, not herein especially pro- 
vided for, and not inconsistent with the constitution and laws 
of the State of Missouri." 

Confident that the claims and advantages of Missouri need but 
be known to be appreciated, and tHat thousands in the Eastern and 
Middle States, and in Europe, who have decided upon a change of 
location, could greatly improve their own condition and prospects, 
and at the same time materially aid in the development of the 
vast resources of the Mississippi Yalley, — and that the publication 
of reliable information about the West will be acceptable, and ad- 
vantageous to all parties, " The Western Farm and Immigration 
Company" have commenced the publication of The Western 
Quarterly, devoted to the topics indicated in the title page. 

We shall endeavor to faithfully chronicle the progress made in 
various portions of the West, during the three months previous, as 
well as the (then) present condition and prospects of railroads and 
other public improvements ; the advance made in all the leading 
industrial departments; particulars as to the tide of immigration; 
the formation and settlement of new colonies; the opening of new- 
towns and villages ; organization of new mining and manufactur- 
ing companies; agricultural and commercial prospects, &c. 

As an advocate of the Industrial Arts, The Quarterly will be 
found in sympathy with the Western farmer, miner, mechanic and 
manufiiotarer; with the inventor and the teacher, — with all who 
labor, whether with mind or muscles, or both. As an exponent ot 
Wustern Industry, it will advocate the encouragement and pro- 
tection of Homo Manufactures — the diversifying of labor and 
capital so as to decrease our importations by increasing our man- 
ufactures; and, as far as practicable, to create a Western Market 
for Western Products. 

In Europe, as well as in many portions of the over-crowded 
Eastern States, they have too many people and too little land. — 
Here in the West, we have too much land and too few inhal)i- 



tants. '' The Western Farm and Immigration Company" pro- 
pose to fill the place of Agent between Demand and Supply — a 
medium of v communication and exchange between those who 
want homes in the West and those who wish to sell. Hence, it 
will ever be the aim of this company to properly set forth the 
latent or developed sources of wealth in the various portions of 
this and adjoining States, and whether through The Quarterly 
or by correspondence, to furnish a reliable guide for the pur- 
chaser or settler in the selection of a locality adapted to his 
wants. 

The Newspaper Press is respectfully asked to extend the 
courtesy of its recognition to The Western Quarterly. We 
shall esteem this an important service, and trust that we shall 
be able to reciprocate, in kind, in a manner which shall be sub- 
stantial and satisfactory. Those who receive this number will 
consider it an invitation to " exchange." 

Every county, and every community, wants capital and 
labor — immigration will supply both. Our objects and plans are 
plainly stated. So far as they meet with the approval of our 
brethren of the Press, we bespeak their encouragement and cor- 
dial co-opei-ation. We are indebted to the Press for favorable 
notices, a few of which we insert. Inasmuch as we depend, to a 
certain extent, upon our exchanges for current local items of 
progress and improvement, it is manifestly to the interest of 
those communities desiring a faithful representation in this 
work to send us their county papers regularly. 

To supply the demand for certain articles, which appeared in 
our first issue, we here republish a few pages. The present 
number has been enlarged by the addition of more than one 
hundred pages, embracing, among other articles, a short, con- 
cise description of every county in the State. 

The January number will comprise entirely new matter, and 
will be made a valuable work of reference for citizens as well as 
strangers, with a large portion devoted to the commercial claims 
and natural advantages of St. Louis, with appropriate illustra- 
tions. 



THE AD VANTAGES AND BESO URGES OF MISSO URL 

In a work of this size it will hardly be possible to more than 
briefly allude to many of the prominent features of our natural 
advantages. Especially shall we fail to impress the reader with 
the magnitude of our exhaustless stores of minerals. 

Of Coal we have an area of 26,887 square miles, which the State 
Geologist estimates can furnish 100,000,000 tons per annum for the 
next 1300 years. These coal measures generally exist where tim- 
ber is scarce — on the prairies — and coal has been discovered in 
36 counties in Missouri. 

Of Iron we have enough to supply the whole United States — 
probably for centuries ! 

Geologists and scientific men iVom the Eastern States, after ex- 
amining our mineral deposits, remark that they could not expect 
those who had never seen them to believe more than half of the 
reality. But the estimates here given of the amount of coal, iron 
and lead ore, are founded upon the most elaborate and careful re- 
searches of geologists, — the best possible authorit5\ The height 
of Pilot Knob above the Mississippi river is 1,118 feet. Its base, 
581 feet from the summit, ie 360 acres. The upper section of 141 
feet is estimated to contain 14,000,000 tons of ore. The iron is 
known to extend 440 feet below the surface, as it has been drilled 
thus far. Shepherd Mountain, one mile from Pilot Knob, is 060 
feet high, and the magnetic ore contains a large percentage of 
pure iron. Iron Mountain, six miles north from Pilot Knob, is 
228 feet high, and the area of its base 500 acres. The solid con- 
tents of the cone are 230,000,000 tons. It is believed that every 
foot beneath the surface will yield 3,000,000 tons of ore. At the 
depth of 180 feet an artesian auger is still penetrating solid ore, the 
area of which is unknown, but supposed to enlarge as it descends, 
as is the case at Pilot Knob. According to the estimates made 
by the State Geologist, and others, there are here, within a radi- 
us of eight miles, upwards of 275,000,000 tons of iron ore above 
the surface. Allowing 70 pounds to tho yard, or 123 tons of iron 
to the mile, there are at this locality, (to say nothing of the iron 
deposits already known to exist in 33 other counties), enough iron 
to construct oyer two million miles of railroad ! In 1860 there were 
less than 40,000 miles in operation in all the United States. As this 
nineteenth century is the utilitarian — the iron age — we ai'e proud 
to say Missouri is the iron State. "We cannot turn our eye's or 



thoughts in any direction without finding purposes for which this 
metal has been successfully applied; and the thousands of articles 
for which it is so universally used, may be manufactured in Mis- 
souri ! 

A bar of iron, worth five dollars, worked into horseshoes, is 
worth ten dollars and fifty cents ; made into needles, it is worth 
three hundred and fifty-five dollars ; made into pen-knife blades, 
it is worth three thousand two hundred and eighty-five dollars; 
made into balance springs for watches, it is worth two hundred 
and fifty thousand dollars. 

Lead has been discovered in more than 600 localities, embrac- 
ing 31 counties. The lead fields of the State include upwards of 
6,000 square miles. From 60 to 85 per cent, of the ore is pure 
lead. In some portions of the State the lead comes to the veiy 
surface of the ground. Although the mines have been but lazjl_y 
worked, by seldom over 300 men at a time, (and manj^ of these 
slaves, heretofore), and only to a depth easily reached by pick and 
shovel, yet Missouri ranks as the leading lead-producing State, by 
the last census. The lead fields are open to capital and enter- 
prise, and fortunes await those who engage in mining on scientific 
principles. 

Copper has been found in 22 counties, and in Shannon county 
specimens have been found on the surface, and in several localities 
it is but 5 to 20 feet below the sui'face, the deposits being several 
feet thick, and paying a good per cent. — 48 1-2 per cent, of pure 
copper. 

Zinc ore is abundant and pure, but, thus far, of no commercial 
value, and thousands of tons are thrown away by lead miners, 
who find it an impediment to their progress in lead mining. 

Tin, though but recently discovei'ed, proves to be so abundant 
that the whole United States can be supplied for hundreds of years 
to come. We have the largest deposit on the globe, and the rich- 
est ore ever found anywhere. (See special article on the subject 
of Tin). 

Gold has been found in two counties, and assays show a yield 
of as high as §113 per ton ! but no systematic mining has been 
done. 

Silver has been discovered in the regular lodes in five counties, 
and, in connection with lead, in several of the mines, but seldom, 
if ever, worked. 

jSTickel exists in large quantities at Mine la Motte, and is now 



6 

thrown aside when dug out in mining for lead. Before the wai 
the nickel for the new cent came principally from these mines. 
Although it is here abundant, and of good quality, we imported 
in 1860 §96,965 worth j and the amount used increases annually. 
This mineral should be made a source of great profit 

Antimony has recently been discovered in Cedar county — a 
large deposit. Though not very extensively used, we paid gold 
for §200,000 worth, imported in 1863. A company has been or- 
ganized in St. Louis for mining antimony. 

Saltpetre is found in, probably, twenty different localities, yet 
we have never heard of any being manufactured. In 1863 we 

imported 31,189,941 worth. 

Kaoline, from which ironstone chinaware is manufactured, is 
found in several localities, and in large quantities, but is being 
used only for jugs, and ordinary large stoneware. The proper 
material for glazing is also found in close proximity to the most 
superior kaoline. We import millions of dollars worth of earth- 
enware annually, while Missouri could supply the Mississippi Val- 
ley, at least. Here is one of the best openings for manufacturing 
enterprise we know of — no home competition, an increasing mar- 
ket, the raw materials all at hand, with an abundance of fuel, wa- 
ter, &c., convenient. 

Of so-called Glass Sand, we have an abundance — one bank, 
near Ste. Genevieve, is from 20 to 150 feet in height, and several 
miles in extent. The sand is very friable, and nearly as white as 
snow. It is not discolored by heat, and the best flint glass is 
made from it. Large shipments of this sand are regularly made 
to the glass factories at Wheeling, Pittsburg and Steubenville. 
The glass foctories at Pittsburg employ upwards of 4,000 persons, 
and the annual product is worth $4,160,000. What else but the 
two univei'sal wants — capital and enterprise — prevents us from 
supplying the Mississippi Valley, instead of incurring the expense 

of two transportations, and paying, to distant establishments, the 
cost of production ? 

In short, our list of minerals embraces jasper, agate, chalcedo- 
ny, lithographic stone, vitreous sand, granite, marble, limestone, 
blue, pink, purple, red, yellow and white paints, plastic and fire 
clays, excelling any in Europe, hydraulic cements, mill- and grind- 
stones, fire rock, kaoline, emory, plumbago, nickel, cobalt, zinc, 
copper, silver, gold, lead, coal and iron. Most of these minerals 
are of very superior quality, and occur in quantities tliat are lite- 
rally inexhaustible. 



7 

Of SoiLS; Missouri embraces every variety — adapted to the 
growth of all the grains, grasses, fruits and vegetables that flour- 
ish in this latitude. Nearly half the area of the State, or about . 
30,000 square miles, are occupied by prairie lands, of which up- 
wards of 1,000,000 acres are of superior bottom lands, not sur- 
passed by those anywhere, in ease of cultivation and never-failing 
abundant crops of the great staples of the country. 

Of Timber we have the greatest abundance, liberally diversified, 
throughout the whole State. 

The region of yellow pine is represented by Maj. Bucklin as 
extending about fifty miles through Iron, Eeynolds and Wayne 
counties, and the region of hard lumber, of oaks and hickories j 
of ash, maple, cherry and walnut ; also of poplars, sassafras, ca- 
talpa and cypress — many of the trees being more than five feet 
in diameter, and reaching the height of over sixty feet clear — ex- 
tending about forty miles in "Wayne and Butler counties. He 
gives data, furnished him by Mr, Marshall Brotherton, and oth- 
er dealers, showing the condition and the increasing demands of 
the lumber business of St. Louis, the causes tending to decrease 
the supply of white pine from the Upper Mississippi and Chicago, 
and stating that the increase in the annual demand for white pine 
is about ten per cent., or 10,000,000 of feet, he quotes from Mr. 
Brotherton, among others, the following paragraphs : 

" Could yellow pine be procured in sufficient quantities, twenty- 
five per cent., or 25,000,000 feet of the 100,000,000 feet of the 
white pine now sold, would be substituted for it, for uses to which 
white pine is not so well adapted. 

" There will be a demand for any quantity of hard lumber that 
can be supplied, especially oak; the present s\ipply is inadequate." 

In the report made to the St. Louis Board of Trade, by the 
Lumber Committee, on the business of 18G7, the total amount is 
stated as follows : 

Lumber and it^ 156,000,000 feet. 

Shingles. 67,000,000 " 

Pickets 435,000 " 

Lath 28,000,000 " 

Stock on hand available Jan. 1, 1868, about 60,000,000 "■ 

Amount of total sales (estimated) $6,000,000 

Water Power abounds in almost every portion of the State. 
The daily flow of Gunther's Spring is five millions cubic feet of 
water, and the discharge of Bryce's Spring is more than double 
that quantity. The great advantages to the manufacturer are that 



8 

the supply is regular, copious, unfailing and iceless, the water be- 
ing so warm that it does not freeze, and no freshets occur from 
the springs, as from the rapid mountain streams. This great 
power, which is now running to waste, should be set to work at 
the earliest moment. (See article on Manufacturing.) 

Fortunate, indeed, is JMissouri, in possessing her millions of acres, 
where, in addition to the usual farm products, the delicious peach 
is a certain crop ; where the apple and the pear excel in size and 
flavor; where the grape is grown with greater success and profit 
than in almost any other country, yielding a juice for wine of the 
highest order ; and where the farmer may have his grains and 
fruits on the surface and his mineral riches beneath. 



Thus, imperfectly, but without any desire to exaggerate, a can- 
did review has been presented of a portion of the natural resour- 
ces of the State of Missouri. No argument is needed to con- 
vince the candid reader that if we prosecute the development 
of these various interests, the growth of Missouri, and the pros- 
perity of her favored citizens must be incomparably great. 

By her legislature "Free Missouri" invites the immigrant. 
Her px-ess, and her loyal, active men second the invitation. Her 
railroads, her schools, her churches, her libraries and her social 
life give it value. To the banquet that nature has spread and art 
has furnished, we bid the coming thousands — Welcome! 



MANUFACTOBIES WANTED. 

The State ot Missouri is larger in area than the six New Eng- 
land States. The latter embrace 60,124 and Missouri 67,380 
square miles. We have in Missouri a greater variety of soil, a 
more genial climate, a more desirable combination of all the ele- 
ments that contribute to make a free and independent people than 
in any other State, and probably more of the necessary elements 
to justify the profitable manufacture of most of the articles of 
daily consumption, than even New England. Yet, in 1860, New 
England manufactured more than ten times as much as ]\Iissouri. 
True, those are six of the oldest, and among the most densely 
populated States — a population of 3,155,253 — nearly three times 
that of Missouri. 



We have in Missouri iron enough to supply the world, yet we have 
shipped iron from Europe (probably not paid for yet,) to lay down 
upon railroads passing over deposits of eighty per cent, ore in 
this State, where fuel and ail the facilities and incentives for man- 
ufacturing exist, except capital and enterprise. Our importations 
of iron in 1860 cost upwards of $14,000,000 in gold! 

We have hero, probably, the most extensive deposits of lead in 
the world, of the purest quality; yet lead is constantly being im- 
ported from Europe, manufactured, in the Eastern cities, into bar 
and pipe, sheet and shot, and shipped to Chicago, Cincinnati, and 
oven to — St. Louis ! 

There are few, if any, of the States where a greater variety of 
timber can be found, in the greatest abundance, and yet two of 
the most extensive furniture manufactories of the United States 
(upwards of 600 miles distant), find their principal trade in St. 
Louis and the country which should be supplied with furniture 
manufoctured in St. Louis. Three million dollars worth imported 
in 1863 . 

Here, too, the utilitarian can find woods suitable for all useful 
purposes to which they are applied. Oak, hickory, maple, ash, 
mulberr}', locust, linden, poplar, elm, walnut and pine, for carria- 
ges, wagons and agricultural implements -, pine, linden, poplar, 
Cottonwood, walnut, cypress, cedar, oak and gum, for houses and 
other buildings ; walnut, poplar, linden, maple, cherry, coffee-tree, 
locust, gum, mulberry, tupelo, pine, cypress, cedar, birch, oak and 
liickory, for cabinet work ; cedar, oak, locust, hickory, mulberry 
pine and walnut, for fences ; and Osage orange, thorns, buck- 
thorns and cedar, for hedges. Millions of these varieties of lum- 
ber are destroyed every year in opening farms; and, meanwhile, 
we are importing millions in furniture of all kinds, in agricultural 
implements, and lumber for fencing, buildings and the various kinds 
of carpentry. There is poor economy in importing walnut, j)ine, 
cherry, poplar, birch, maple, oak, linden and cedar, manufactured 
into furniture, from Cincinnati, Chicago and Milwaukee, and pine 
lumber from the Wisconsin and Minnesota pineries, by lake and 
railroad, when we are annually destroying, upon our own farms, 
more and better lumber of the same varieties. 

In very many articles of manufacture, of wood, and metals, 
leather and textile fabrics, we are now dependent upon the indus- 
try^, enterprise and ingenuity of other States for nearly the whole 
supply which our demand requires ; this, too, while we have am- 



10 

Die stores of the raw material^ superior in texture, and capable 
of being procured in the cheapest possible manner. 

That the reader may the more clearly understand the status of 
Missouri as a manufacturing State, and how much we need capital 
and enterprise, and what a field is here open for establishing man- 
ufactories, we give below 

A TABLE 
Showing the rank of Missouri as a manufacturing State, according 
to the census of 1860: 

Amount or value. Bank. Product. 

Tons iron ore rained 8th 42,000 

" bar and rolled iron manuf. 11th 4,678 

" iron founding 6th 1,041,520 

" lead ore pt'oduced Ist 4,164 

Lumber produced 6th §3,802,092 

Woolen goods produced 15th ^425,319 

Leather produced 18th $368,826 

Boots and shoes manufactured 14th $867,768 

Furniture manufactured 17th $203,142 

Soap and candles manufactured 5th • $1,640,380 

Products of industry 10th $43,500,000 

Increase in manufactured implements 2nd 645 per cent. 

Increase in property previous ten years 8th 265 " " 

It is worse than folly for the people of the West to argue that 
because they have a rich soil they must all be farmers. Tin has 
been found in three counties; silver in five; copper in twenty- 
two coimties; lead in thirty-one; iron in thirty-four; and coal in 
thirty-six counties of Missouri. We have almost inexhaustible 
deposits of nearly all the useful minerals, and timber in great 
variety; we produce cotton, wool, hemp, leather, iron, lead, 
&c. ; we have the finest of sand for making glass, and kaoline 
for chin aware — yet, we of Missouri, ship our raw hides to New 
England, to be tanned and made up into boots and shoes ; ship 
our iron and glass-sand to Pittsburg, and elsewhere, to be con- 
verted into a variety of articles, and buy it back at an advance 
of a thousand fold, in some instances; ship our cotton and wool 
the entire breadth of the United States, and even to Europe, to 
be manufactured and mixed with shoddy materials — ship our 
produce to feed the operatives — Bufter manufacturers to fix the 
price upon our produce, as well as the articles which they send 
back to us — we paying the freight both ways — in some instan- 
ces four bushels of corn to take one to tidewater market; yet, 
with all this odds against us — and this comparison is applicable 



11 

to all Western States — the aggregate capital of the New Eng- 
land and Middle States had increased in 1860 only 86 per cent, in 
ten years, while that of the Western States had increased 234 per 
cent. ! The manufactures of the Western States in 1860 were ex- 
actly three-fourths those of the New England and Middle States, 
in proportion to capital. 

There is no good reason why our manufactures should not be 
increased indefinitely. We can not have the best farming until 
we have the best manufacturing, in varied forms and materials,, 
each an indispensable help to the growth and perfectness of the 
other. Nothing in the shape of a monopoly can succeed for any 
length of time in this countiy. What was the result of the cot- 
ton-raising monopoly in the South — of the corn monopoly in 
Illinois, for a season ? 

Some writer has truly remarked that "no country exclusively 
agricultural ever grew permanently rich." Jefferson advised that 
" the manufacturer should take his place by the side of the agri- 
culturist — that the loom and the anvil should be in close proxim- 
ity to the plow and the harrow." General Jackson, in 1824, said: 
" Take from our agriculture 600,000 men, women and children, to 
be employed in manufactories, and you will at once give a home 
market for more breadstuifs than all Europe now gives us. We 
have been too long subject to the policy of British merchants. It 
is time we should become a little more Americanized." 

Agriculture and manufactures must go hand in hand, to be per- 
manently successful. United, they constitute a power that is irre- 
sistible ; but separate, one may neutralize the other. The former 
should rejoice over every inducement leading to an increase of 
manufactures, for in them he will find his best and most perma- 
nent market. 

As an instance of what can be done in the way of establishing 
manufactories, we copy from the Missouri Agricultural Eeport 
for 1867, the following: "A few years ago, Mr. Ball, having in- 
vented an improvement in mowing machines, proposed that the 
citizens of Canton, Ohio, should loan him $10,000 to manufacture 
them at that place. They did it, and that one manufactory was 
the nucleus around which the following have gathered : two im- 
mense agricultural-implements manufactories, one of plows ex- 
clusively, one of stoves and hollow-ware, one of paper, one of 
mower-knives, one of saddlery and hardwai*e, two of furniture, 
one of horse rakes, one of farm wagons, one of cultivators, one 



12 

of wrought-iron bridges, one of soap, besides a large number of 
others more or less extensive. These establishments alone sup- 
port 2,500 people. The town has trebled in population, quadru- 
pled in wealth, and the people, satisfied by experiment that man- 
ufactories can be made successful in the AVest, are still pushing 
forward in that direction." 

Now, there are a score of better localities in Missouri, where 
coal, timber and iron are more convenient than at Canton, proba- 
bly, yet we lack the capital and enterprise to begin the movement! 

Surplus population in the East, disproportion of consumers over 
producers, the consequent high prices of provisions and other 
necessaries of life, more workers than work in many localities, so 
that they are in each other's way, lowering the value of their own 
labor and raising the price of food upon one another, are facts 
and sei-ious evils, demanding an adequate remedy. Ha^jpily there 
IS one at hand, perfectly accessible, and inviting in all its effects : 
To emigrate West, to the best portion of the Mississippi Yalley, is 
the remedy recommended, with entire confidence that it is the 
wisest course to pursue, and worthy of being adopted by all de- 
siring to escape the evils of sharp competition in many over- 
crowded communities in the Eastern States and in Europe, where 
wages are low, rents and land are high, and where the landless 
and homeless must remain so. 

Fields of enterprise lie unoccupied, and every county in the State 
presents good openings for manufacturing. Mechanical labor and 
capital expended in manufactured articles now brought to St. 
Louis every year, would give employment to 75,000 persons! 
And this estimate embraces only such articles as we can manu- 
facture ourselves, successfully and profitably ! 

To our Eastern readers, we would say, that we need, all through 
Missouri, more extensive iron works, more woolen and cotton 
factories, flouring and saw mills, barrel and cordage, glass and 
china M\'ire, boot, shoe, clothing and furniture manufactories. 
There is scarcely any article now brought from the East, but we 
have the raw materials for manufacturing here. Bring your 
skilled laboi", and capital, and every facility will be extended to 
all who engage in manufacturing. 

As a market for your products, you have a dozen States and 
Territories, reached, not only by the great natural artery of the 
continent, — the Mississippi, extending to St. Paul on the North, 
and to the Gulf on the South — but by a score of railroads, com- 



15 

raunicating with almost every section of the country, and being 
rapidly extended in every direction ; the Pacific railroad and Mis- 
souri river, reaching West and Northwest, supplying the Plains 
and Gold Eegion trade to the Pacific ocean. 



IMMIGRATION TO MISSOURI 
Do YOU believe that the population of Missouri is increasing, by 
immigration alone, at the rate of 500 per day ? It sounds almost 
fabulous, yet those who have made some note of the increasing 
thousands, assure us such is the case. Every passenger train on 
every railway, and every steamboat from either the East, North, 
or South, adds largely to the incoming throng. Whether the older 
States are suffering by this rapid depletion is not our lookout. 
Certain it is, that ninety-nine hundredths of those who come, will 
better their condition in life. Let them come ! Here are homes 
for all — here is room, and to spare ! Here is a theatre for human 
operations, on the grandest scale ! Here is the place for the 3'oung 
man, just starting out in life ; for the middle-aged man, who wants 
to enter into the arena of active business, in any calling ; for the 
old man, seeking to provide for his children, — for '^all sorts of 
people " in seai'ch of a competency, fame or wealth ; for any one 
else, who has an eye and a soul for Nature in her grandest forms 
of lavish profusion and splendid magnificence. As will be seen, 
by reference to articles on Minerals, Manufacturing, Soil, Timber, 
Water Power, &c., in The Quarterly, Missouri can safely chal- 
lenge the world to produce an equal, in the same area of territory. 
By hundreds and thousands (in the aggregate), people are com 
ing from the Middle and Eastern States — many from staid old 
Pennsylvania, to take advantage of our unparalleled mineral re- 
sources; by scores and hundreds from New England, bringing with 
them that same indomitable energy and perseverance which has 
made their native "State the admiration of the world, and whose 
influence is felt wherever enterprise has a votary, or commerce 
spreads a sail; with intellects sharpened to the keenest edge, and 
brawny arms to execute the firm resolves of their iron will, and, 
gathering fresh accessions, as they sweep across the intermediate 
country, from the no less thrifty and hardy population of Penn- 
sylvania, New Yoi'k, Ohio and Indiana — the '^Yankees" are 
coming! 



14 

There is somethiug in the great and glowing West, with her 
almost limitless praii'ies, her mighty rivers, her mountains of iron 
and tin, her unfathomable beds of lead, and coj^per, and other min- 
erals, her extensive forests of immense trees, of almost every va- 
riety — that expands the soul of man, and elevates him above the 
narrow, cramped and confined ideas of those who are accustomed 
only to the well-worn channels of small conventionalities of older 
hum-drum communities. There ^ the new-ccmer, with progressive 
ideas, i5 apt to find himself an unwelcome j ostler, his elbow-room 
begrudged him, and his presence tolerated only upon condition of 
his accepting the procrastean standard, unless, indeed, a position 
can be maintained by force of very superior talent or unusual ac- 
cidental advantages. 

But here, in Missouri, all is comparatively new and plastic, and 
vigorous. Men are wanted here, and are welcomed. And here, 
at once, is found a boundless and untrammelled field of enterprise, 
adequate to the elastic energies of ingenuous youth or. mature 
manhood. 

The West, Avith all its foreshadowing of future greatness, is con- 
stantly drawing from the East men and women possessing the 
highest talent, the greatest energy, and the rarest attainments ; 
thus giving to the West an intellectual character far above the 
usual estimate. Immigration and the reconstruction of society 
have imparted somewhat to these active intellectual forces, but 
they here also required them. Some of the " weak things of this 
world" have drifted into the Great Valley, but the '^Western 
Fever" has been like the tide coming in from the sea, which rolls 
up in undulations landward, and whatsoever living thing has not 
energy, enough to fasten itself upon the shore, when set forward 
upon the top of the tide, will go back, and go down with the re- 
fluent movement that succeeds. Some, on whom a life in the 
West made demands they had no character to meet, and presented 
obstacles they could not surmount, have sunk in the struggle, or 
nestled back into the quiet New England villages, where their 
youth was nurtured. But others, who elsewhere would always 
have been children, have here grown to be men. Our active 
Western life demands men of strength, and this has produced 
them. It has called them to the West, and has called them out, 
and they have illustrated the maxim, "the man makes the cir- 
cumstances," as well as the proverb, "the circumstances make 
the man," 



15 

That the West is a freer theatre for the individual mind, is ilkia 
trated by the fact that our eminent public men have been less 
superior to the masses that have elevated them — of less extra 
ordinary calibre, comparatively, than those of the East. How 
intelligence grows, at large, is illustrated in the raj)id spread of 
schools, newspapers and lecture institutions throughout all tha 
West. Our Western schools are hardly surj)assed in the East, 
and the highest salary paid to any lady teacher in the United 
States, is received by the principal of the ISTormal School in St. 
Louis — a native of Massachusetts I 

Nowhere on the earth is there growing up so fresh, free, inde- 
pendent, generous, frank, nervous, effective a class of mind, as 
in the Western States and Territories ! 

Therefore, we repeat again — comb to the West — old and 
young, men and women, boys and girls. Here you shall find 
welcome homes ; and while you speedily help yourselves to attain 
better fortunes, you shall also have a hand in the proud labor of 
building up the mighty Empire of the Mississippi Valley ! 



WHO SHOULD EMIGRATE WEST? 
We most cordially and earnestly invite : 

1. Capitalists and intelligent, energetic business men, who have 
foresight enough to see what excellent opportunities there are 
here, and who have the nerve and will to invest their time, talents 
and capital in carrying forward our public improvements, in es- 
tablishing manufactories, and pushing forward the car of Progress 
generally. 

2. We want intelligent, practical, working men — farmers, mi- 
ners, manufacturers, carpenters, stonemasons, bi'ick-makers, brick- 
layers, wagon-makers, gunsmiths, blacksmiths, cabinet makers, 
teamsters, shoemakers, tailors, painters, and shall soon want a 
host of operatives in cotton and woolen factories, in iron works, 
rolling mills, nail mills, file manufactories, tanning and curiying 
establishments, in glass and earthenware manufactories, in tin- 
ware manufactories of various kinds, (for we can supply the 
whole United States with Tin); — 

3. In short — we want men in every capacity and useful call- 
ing, who are not afraid or ashamed to work — to take hold of the 
plovf, t!ie lioe, the hammer, or the jack-plane. We honestly give 



16 

every one fair warning that they need not come expecting to 
make an honest living without a proper, well-directed effort. 
There is no royal road to fortune here for lazy idlers. 

4. We do not particularly need aspiring politicians, nor those 
who think they know everything far better than the people of the 
West, (for we have a few as bright people out here as there are 
anywhere). Loafers, and those who live by their wits, we have 
no use for, and still less for old fogies ; — we have been too long 
under their dominion already. If colonies bring their own min- 
isters, teachers, lawyers and physicians, very well, but we are not 
suffering from a want of any of these varieties, just now. 

There is no branch of manufactures in which capital could not 
here be profitably invested. For tanneries, woolen mills, furni- 
ture shops, and foundries, there is everywhere a demand, and 
these, or any of them, will form a nucleus, and create a want for 
others. 

As elsewhere stated, all this Western country will ' soon be 
" gridironed " by railroads. We want men in every business ca- 
pacity, who appreciate the advantages of railroads, and who will 
help build them. We want men who are not blinded by a short- 
sighted self-interest — men who will consider they have an interest 
in the public improvements, and will lend a helping hand to all 
enterprises designed for the public good. To all such, the latch- 
string of the whole West is out! 

We, of the West, mean business! We have several thousand 
miles of railroads to build, within a very short time. We want 
MEN to work in every capacity towards accomplishing this. From 
five to ten miles apart, along every one of these railroads, will be 
a town and business centre. Who will come and build the dwell- 
ings, the school houses, churches and printing offices ? Who will 
help to transact the business at these numerous towns? Who 
will bring out capital to open hardware, dry-goods, and boot and 
shoe stores ? What blacksmith or wagon-maker wants a good lo- 
cation? Again, farmers, fruit-growers, stock-growers, and tillers 
of the soil, will be needed to supply produce to each of these new 
towns ?nd villages. Do you see the point ? 




ijiii' ill' \y ' 



17 

MISSOURI THE AMERICAN VINEYARD. 

A correspondent of Hie New York Tribune writes : " Unless 
the prophecies of scientific men are false and the obvious inten. 
tions of nature are thwarted, Missouri is destined to be the vine" 
yard of America J' «,-.->- 

" Missouri as It Is, in 1867 " — the most complete comprehen- 
sive work on Missouri yet published — contain s thirty-two 
pages on Grape Culture and Wine Making, in three distinct arti- 
cles, contributed by the most successful grape-growers of the 
United States, from which, in part, we glean the following infor- 
mation. 

There are in Southern Missouri 15,000,000 acres adapted to the 
culture of the grape, according to the statement of the State Ge- 
ologist. Of these, at least 5,000,000 acres might be selected in 
the most desirable localities, and devoted to vineyards, without 
encroaching upon the lands most desirable for other departments- 
of agriculture. And, so far as we can judge from the character- 
istics of the soil and climate, the indications of the native vines^ 
and the experience of vine-gi'owers in various localities, these five 
millions of aci'es in the highlands of Southern Missouri — being 
1,000 to 1,500 feet above the level of the ocean — present very 
rare inducements to the vine-dresser — such a combination of fa- 
vorable circumstances as will not fail to attract the attention of 
those who would engage in this most pleasant and profitable de- 
partment of husbandry. And, so important will be the result, 
that every effort should be put forth to hasten the time when these 
5,000,000 acres shall be covered with flourishing vineyards, giv- 
ing profitable employment to 2,000,000 people, yielding more than 
1,000,000,000 gallons of wine, and an annual profit, at the lowest 
estimate, of $500,000,000. The bluff's of the numerous streams in 
Southern Missouri, usually slope back into knobs and ridges, which 
are frequently surrounded by natural terraces, so regular and uni- 
form that they appear like the work of hum?n hands. Theii 
height varies from one to six feet, and the width of the top from 
two to twelve feet, according to the angle of- the slope and the 
height of the terrace. Their surfaces are nearly level, and usu- 
ally covered with a light, warm and rich soil, containing frag- 
ments of chert and the decomposing limestone, all wonderfully 
prepared by nature for the planting of vineyards. The soil of 
these natural terraces always contains lar^'e proportions of c»'^- 



18 

bonate of magnesia and humuSj whicli give a great capacity for 
absorbing and retaining moisture. 

The State Geologist concludes : <' These facts, respecting the na- 
tive vines, the climate, the experience of our vine-growers, and the 
soil, clearly prove the capacity of Missouri to become the great vine- 
groiving region of our continent." 

George Husmann, of Herman, Mo., (in his excellent treatise on 
" Grapes and Wine/') gives the following aa the approximate ex- 
pense of preparing a vineyard : 

Variety of Grape. Cost per Acre. 

Delaware $875 00 

Norton's Virginia 660 00 

Herbomont..!" 625 00 

Catawba 465 00 

Concord ■ 410 00 

The mean results, per acre, of one of Mr. Husmann's vine- 
yards, from 1849 to 1865, inclusive, are as follows : 
iVb. vines. No. gal. Price per gal. Gross value. Net profit, 

3,276 529 ?1 50 $253 00 $163 00 

The cost of two-and-a-half acres, planted in 1861, including 
3,000 vines, — $50 per acre for preparing the land, $150 per acre 
for trellis, &c., — was $1,377,50. The gross value of the product 
for five years was $23,305,80. Deducting $3,627 for cost of trel- 
lis, labor, interest on capital, &c., leaves a net profit of $19,678,80 
from the two-and-a-half acres ! 

The yield of two acres of vines is given as follows • 

No. vines. Variety. Gallons. Price per gal. Amount. 

350 Delaware 40 $6 00 $ 240 00 

100 Herbemont... 125 3 00 375 00 

500 Concord 1,030 2 50 2,575 00 

1,200 Is^rton 1,300 4 00 6,200 00 

Other vines 367 20 

Cuttings ■ 5,700 00 



Total value $14,457 20 

Deduct cost labor and interest 1,000 00 

Net profit of two acres in one year $13,457 20 

Mr. IIusMANN, in his treatise above alluded to, advises the form- 
ing of grape colonies — of grape-grower's villages. " If each one 
has a small piece of suitable land, (and he needs but a small tract 
to follow grape-growing), the neighbors can easily assist each other 
in ploughing and sub-soiling ; they will be able to do with fewer 
work animals, a9 they can hitch together, and fifst prepare the 



19 

soil for one and then for the other. * * An association or 
colony has generally the preference in the market, over a single 
individual, and they are able to obtain a higher price for their 
produets, if they are of good quality. 

" And how much easier for you, to-day, men with the active 
hand and intelligent brain, to commence — with the certainty of 
success before you — with varieties which will yield a large and 
sure return every year; with the market open before you, and the 
experience of those who have commenced, to guide you ; with the 
reputation of American wines established ; with double the price 
per gallon — and ten times the yield — compared with the begin- 
ner of only ten years ago, with nothing but uncertainty ; uncer- 
tainty of yield, of quality, of price, and uncertainty of effecting a 
sale. Can you hesitate, when the future is all bright before you, 
and the thousand and one obstacles have been overcome ? If you 
do, you are not fit to be a grape-grower. Go, toil and drudge, for 
so many cents per day, in some factory, and end life as jon have 
begun it." 

The following letter will introduce the new vine-growing re- 
gion : 

ViNELAND, May 23, 1868. 
Editor Western Quarterly : — 

Believing you possess superior facilities for making known the 
advantages and resources of various portions of the State, I take 
the liberty of stating some facts about this locality. 

Yineland is situated 47 miles from St. Louis, on the Iron Moun- 
tain railroad. Although the first vines or fruit trees were set out 
here but five years ago, it has already quite a fine reputation for 
its fine orchards and superior vineyards. Seventy -five aci-es are 
now blossoming with the vine, those bearing yielding from $800 
to §1,200 per acre. Fruit trees and small fruit flourish finely. 
Our society is mainly made up of families from Eastern States; 
and the prices of lands are Avithin the reach of persons of limited 
means, while those having plenty to start with can the sooner 
make themselves comfortable and pleasant homes in a healthy and 
agreeable climate. Dr. Dyer, Judge In"ewcomb, David Morse, and 
H. Brachvogel, each have places that would interest the eye of 
an artist, the gardener, the admirer of beautiful landscape, and the 
lover of choice, delicate fruits. As regards healChy and pleasant 
climate, and .the advantages of fruit-growing, I am satisfied this 
section can not be excelled in the West. Having had one year's 
experience here, after having spent all my former years in Cayu- 
ga county, N. Y., I feel warranted in urging those desiring new 
homes, to visit this place before locating. G. E. E. 



20 

PROFITS OF FARMING IN THE WE8T. 
During the past ten years, the writer has had at least one letter 
per month, on an average, asking questions similar to the follow- 
ing: ''How much will it cost me to buy 160 acres of uncultivated 
land, and put it into wheat, corn and potatoes ? What could I re- 
alize the first year ? How does it pay to buy and cultivate a small 
farm already in cultivation ? How does fruit-growing pay ? What 
are the profits of stock-raising?" &c., &c. 

To answer those letters, requred time, a knowledge of the facts, 
stationery and postage, neither of which appear to have been con- 
sidered. But they were answered, in every instance. Of course 
there are many things to be considered in making up an estimate 
in any case : — The soil, the climate, the season, whether favorable, 
or too wet or too dry; the nearness and accessibility to market, &c* 
Below we give the estimate of a crop embracing ninety-five 
acres of wheat, twenty -five of oats and forty of corn : 

"Editors Prairie Farmer : — I herewith send you statement of 
crops raised in 1867. I have estimated expense at what I' would 
have to pay had I hired all the work done. Some of the items 
are rather low, especially the use of ground, which is usually worth 
one-third of the crop, in the half-bushel : 

Wheat. Dr. Cr. 

To ploughing, last fall, 95 acres, at $1,75 $166 25 

" 160 bushels seed wheat, at $2,00 320 00 

" Sowing and harrowing, per acre, $1,50..... 142 50 

" Harvesting and stacking " " $3,00 285 00 

" Threshing 1,838 bus., at 12 cts per bu 220 56 

" Drawing to market, " 5" " " 9190 

" Interest on land, at $40 per acre 380 00 

By sold 1,083 bushels $1,657 92 

" 755 bushels on hand, worth $1,65 ' 1,245 75 

Total receipts $2 903 67 

" expenses 1,606 21 

Profit : $T,l^r46 

Oats. Br. Or. 

To ploughing 25 aci-es at $1,75 $ 43 75 

" 75 bushels seed at 60 cents 45 00 

" Sowing and harrowing at $1,50 per acre... 37 50 ' 

" Harvesting and stacking at $3,00 75 00 

" Threshing 1,300 bushels at 6 cents 78 00 

" Interest on land at $40 per acre 100 00 

By 1,300 bushels at 40 cents $ 585 00 

" Total expense.... 379 25 

int ovar expenses $ 057 25 



21 

Corn. Br. Or. 

To ploughing 40 acres at $1,75 $ 70 00 

" Fitting, marking and planting 40 00 

" 5 bushels seed at §2,00 10 00 

'' Ploughing 120 00 

" Cribbing 1,400 bus. in crib at 60 cts 112 00 

By 1,400 bushels in crib at 60 cents $ 840 00 

Expense 352 00 

Interest on land 160 00 

Amount above necessarj' expenses $ 828 00 

You will see from the above that I have taken into account the 
expense of teams and tools only while in use. But the use of 
teams in doing other work, and the coarse feed, will compensate 
for their expense while not employed. 

With the present hig'h prices, and average crops, even with en- 
hanced cost of producing, the farmer can get fair returns for his 
labor. As far as I know, the crops are average ones in this sec- 
tion — the western part of Whiteside county." 

This was in Whiteside county, Illinois, three degrees north from 
St. Louis, where the seasons are shortei', and the soil no better, 
than in many portions of Missouri, for the same crops. Accord- 
ing to Eeports from the Agricultural Department, Washington, 
the yield of wheat and corn in these two States, in 1867, stood 
thus : Corn, in Missouri, average bushels to the acre, 27.2; Illinois, 
do., 23.8; — wheat, in Missouri, 12.4; Illinois, do., 11.4. Thus, it 
will be seen, we average nearly four bushels of corn to the acre, 
and one bushel of wheat, more than the self-styled grain-growing 
State. And in potatoes and other vegetables, we are from ten to 
thirteen bushels per acre ahead of Illinois. 

It is argued by some that North Missouri is too cold and bleak 
to raise good crops. Here is an item as to the product of a farm 
in central Iowa : 

"Industiy and common sense are certain guarantees of success. 
Mr. John Briscoe, in the Cedar Valley, Iowa, has a farm of thir- 
ty-six acres. He raised, last season, nineteen acres of corn, four 
of oats, ten of wheat, two of grass, half an acre of potatoes, and 
half an acre in broom-corn, beans, hops and cabbage. He har- 
vested 1,000 bushels of corn, 250 of oats, 157 of wheat, 200 of po- 
tatoes, four tons of Hungarian grass, and two tons of timothy 
Jiay; besides broom-corn enough for ten dozen brooms, eleven 
bushels white beans, seven hundred heads of cabbage, and seven 
dollars worth of hops. Eeduced to currency, his summer's work 
on thirty-six acres amounted $1,016,50. Calling the land worth 
twenty dollars per acre, Mr. Briscoe could pay for his farm, and 
support his family, out of one season's work. What is the use of 



22 

being poor? Mr. Briscoe, on this small farm, is more independ- 
ent than a city 'respectability' on a salary of $3,000 a year." 

Without giving the cost and sales, in detail, the following are 
the footings of accounts kept by farmers residing in widely sepa- 
rate portions of the country: 

Cost of Growing. Net Profit, 

9 1-2 acres spring wheat, $ 68 30 $159 70 

17 1-2 " fallwheat, 104 90 278 50 

5 1-2 " barley, 40 25 32 55 

2 1-2 " rye, 14 75 10 25 

12 ." oats, 88 00 174 50 

1 " potatoes, 10 00 27 60 

28 " corn, 26 27 638 73 

103 head of sheep, 60 00 177 83 

21 acres of timothy seed, 45 00 123 00 

Thus, it will be seen, any crop will yield a reasonable profit. 
In every instance, these farmers produced a variety of crops, 
supported their families, stock, &c., and the above are -the net 
profits. Gooseberries, strawberries, currants, peaches or grapes, 
yield a much larger profit per acre, especially when cultivated 
convenient to a ready market. Strawberries and gooseberries 
have each yielded over $500 per acre. 

Farm labor costs more noAv than it did a few years ago, but 
this is more than compensated for by the improvements in labor- 
saving machinery. For instance, a man with two span of horses^ 
or one pair of large mules or horses, can well and thoroughly 
break five acres of prairie soil per day, with either of two or three 
different patents of gang plows. A man can plant, (with the 
improved corn-planter,) fourteen acres per day on an average. 
With sulky cultivator and two horses, he can cultivate eight acrea 
per day, and the work in every instance will be done better than 
the same can be done with a single plow — and the plowman 
walking. The operator of the modern plow rides on a cushioned 
seat, and in the shade, if he desires. 

The editor of the St. Joseph Vindicator very sensibly asks 
" Why will men and families stick and starve in attics and cellars 
of over-crowded eastern cities, when the prairies and forests of 
the West offer so much more inducements, better health, purer 
air, and much greater abundance of the necessaries and comforts 
of life ? We would advise men living in the morally, socially and 
physically vitiating atmospheres of thronged cities and towns in 
the East, where they and their families almost starve in filth and 



23 

impure air, to take their families "Westward and cultivate a patch 
of land they can call their own, and live in health, happiness and 
comfort." 



HOP GMOWING. 

Since the addition of so large a German element into the United 
States, "Lager Beer" has become a national beverage. The 
increase in the use of malt liquors throughout the United States 
during the past few years has been so large, as to arrest the atten- 
tion of the most casual observer. The demand for barley and 
hops has been steadily on the increase, and it is more than proba- 
ble that both these crops will hereafter insure most lucrative prices 
to the producer. In 1840 the product of hops in the United 
States was but 1,238,412 pounds; in 1860 it had increased to 
11,000,000 pounds, and in 1867 the product reached 20,000,000 
pounds; — of this amount Wisconsin produced about 7,000,000 
pounds. Mr. Howard H. Potter, of Baraboo, Wisconsin, planted 
four acres in hops, and from a detailed statement of his expenses 
and receipts we take the following : Profits of first years' crop, 
(1866,) $3,600. Profits of first year of hop roots, $3,040. Profits 
of crops of 1867, $5,280. Thus it will be seen that the profits, 
over and above expenses incurred in production and marketing, 
taken from four acres of ground, in the space of fourteen months^ 
embracing the crops of two seasons, amounted to §11,920 ! 

Daniel Flint communicates the following in regard to the cul- 
ture of hops in Sacramento county, California. He says : 

''I have 50 acres of hops — 30 of which were planted this year. 
I had 65,000 pounds, or an average of 1,300 pounds per acre. 
There are about 170 acres of hops in Sacramento county, which 
produced 171,300 pounds, or a trifle over 1,000 pounds per acre. 
It is but fair to state that about one-half, or 85 acres, of this quan- 
tity were planted in 1867, and a larger portion of it on ground 
that proved too wet ; and taking that into consideration the aver- 
age was very large. The price has ranged from 40 to 60 cents 
per pound. Taking the average at 50 cents, they would bring 
|85,650. Dividing this amount equally among the eight different 
parties or firms that are engaged in growing hops, it would give 
$10,706 apiece, a nice little sura for a farmer." 

Another farmer in Los Angelos county, claims to have raised 
2,000 pounds to the acre. But California, like most of the Western 
States, imports more than it produces. 



24 

The best hop-gardens in Kent, England, are thoroughly under- 
drained. Some hop-yards in that locality are more than one 
hundred j-ears old, the vines still presenting a healthy and vigor 
ous appearance, with no signs of failure. A clay loam or good 
fruit land protected from the course of high winds, is regarded as 
most suitable to the plants — though sandy soil, well manured, 
produces well. 

In England, besides farm-yard manure, wool, hair, bones, 
plaster, lime and ashes, are used largely as fertilizers. The hop 
growers of Kent spend from $40 to $50 per aci*e for special 
manures, in addition to what is ordinarily made \ipon the farm. 

There are favorable localities, in every respect, near vSt. Louis. 
No city in the Union has more beautiful surroundings, or more 
variety in the slopes or "lay of the land." Thousands and hun- 
dreds of thousands of loads of manure, ashes, refuse lime, and 
street-scraj)ings are annually hauled away and dumped into the 
river, or worse still, thrown into lots and ponds below , grade, 
there left to rot, decay and create iu marshes a miasma, to the 
great injury of tbe health of the city. This refuse matter can 
not only be had for nothing, but generally the city pays for haul- 
ing it away. 

We do not profess to have any practical experience in hop-cul- 
ture, but we see no good reason why there are not as favoi-able 
localities about St. Louis, taking everything into consideration, as 
anywhere in the United States. It would certainly be a step in 
the right direction if the refuse of the city, now worse than wasted, 
(and which, if properly used, would be worth thousands of dollars 
yearly,) could be made available, and from the above instances it 
would appear to be a very profitable crop, and there is no proba- 
bility of overstocking the market. 



WILL MINING IN MISSOURI FAY? 
A WRITER in a late English periodical gives the names, and sta- 
tistics of cost, yield, dividends, &c., of one hundred and thirteen 
different mines, and concludes by proving that "all the mines of 
England, — copper, lead and tin — good, bad and indifferent, those 
that have proved successful with those that have been total fail- 
ures, have yielded about eighteen per cent, on the capital invested, 
which is unattainable in any other branch of commercial enter- 



25 

prise." He shows instances where one mine, for fivo dollars orig- 
inally invested, has paid returns of $2,740 ; another, for twenty- 
five dollars invested, paid, in ten years, §2,197,40; another, for 
twelve dollars and five cents invested, paid ^2,230. The iron 
mountains of Missouri, which are now worth several millions, 
were bought, a few years ago, at one dollar and twenty-five cents 
per acre. The north and south lead vein, known as the Virginia 
Mine, has yielded ten million pounds of ore, worth, at the present 
price of lead, 3500,000. The north and south lead vein, known as 
the Sandy Mines, an equallj- large amount. Lead mines about 
Potosi and Webster have yielded from one million to five million 
pounds ore each. These were worked when lead was two-and-a- 
half cents per pound; it is now ten cents. The Valle Mines, the 
largest and richest yet discovered in this countiy, and which have 
yielded from one million to two million pounds of ore annually 
for the last twenty years, are said to have been discovered by a 
boy going to mill on horseback, the horse's foot^ kicking out the 
the ore in the road. 

The Mine la Motte lead mines have been worked for more than 
a century, and by hundreds of men, yet new lodes ai'e frequently 
discovered, and the average annual shipment of more than one 
million pounds of lead seems not to have decreased the mineral 
dejiosits. The last time we visited the mines, an old miner, who 
had worked there twenty-four years, says' the mines are richer 
and better to-day than ever before. He showed us a space forty 
feet square, where over 1,000,000 pounds of lead ore had been 
taken out ; and he said there was enough ore in sight to pay the 
cost of the mines ! 

There is also a deposit of nickel in this property, four feet thick, 
eighty feet wide, and the length probably one-fourth of a mile. 
An asi-ay shows this to contain 12 1-2 per cent, of nickel, 10 per 
cent, cf cobalt, and 18 of copper. Some specimens contain nearly 
35 per cent, of nickel and cobalt. Upwards of $200,000 worth ot 
nickel ore has been taken from a space one hundred feet in length ! 
This nickel is valuable, not only for the new coins now in use, but 
for German silver or white-ware used in forks and spoons, &c. 
Other deposits are reported to have been discovered, and there 
will probably numerous new nickel mines be opened, as the 
mineral lands of Missouri are more thoroughly developed. There 
is money enough in the lead, copper, silver-lead, nickel, zinc, tin 
and other mines in Southern Missouri to pay the national debt 



26 

six times. Every observing, practical miner and mining engineer 
who has studied these mining fields believes it. The way to get 
this wealth out of the ground is to dig for it with labor and steel 
and steam. The way to raise the money to do the mining is to 
practically organize mining schemes according to the cost book 
system of England. When a man can buy a share for from one 
to five dollars, and know that his money will be used practically 
to discover and work a vein of ore ; as soon as the public mind is 
directed to the magnitude of this interest to St. Louis and a few 
companies organized, the educated skill would soon aggregate 
here to carry forward successfully the enterprises. St. Louis is 
situated to be the great central mining emporium of the continent, 
for lead, copper, silver-lead, nickel, tin, zinc, and some of the finer 
metals. The Lake Superior copper fields were in an ice-bound, 
isolated region — roads had to be cut through swamps and dense 
timber districts, the mining machinery and supplies all to be 
transported hundreds of miles — the soil was rocky and barren, 
yet with all these obstacles the New York mining men took hold 
of the matter systematically, and in twelve years these mines 
were developed to yield $5,000,000 value in copper annually, and 
pay in net dividends $1,000,000. The mining fields of Missouri 
have a greater variety of ore, and far greater surface area, and 
are evexy way favorably situated to mine economically. Iron is 
found in mountains. The other ores are on the same scale of 
magnitud'^. This business is not to be kept in the dark. The 
mining speculator must not covei' himself up under a special char- 
ter, and angle for flats and gulls in the money market. This 
business is of too vital importance to St. Louis to be left to this 
class of operators. The money invested in mining must be done 
openly, the same as it is in England, where a dishonest mining- 
operator is the exception and not the rule. 

Professor Shepherd, (who is the very best authority on this 
subject), gives it as his opinion that the lead-mining interest olier§ 
greater inducements, and a better return for capital and labor in- 
vested, than any mining interest in this countr3^ There is a rapid 
increase in this department of industry. Old miners are retui-n- 
ing to engage in a business which has always insured fortunes to 
those who have prosecuted it with intelligence and energy; and 
new men are engaging in it, with every prospect of success. 
Practical men, who have erected works, say that one thousand 
dollars will erect a small smelting establishment, and these works 



27 

can be run to make one hundred dollars a day, clear of all expen- 
ses, Mr. E. Mathews, who has a smelting furnace in Crawford 
county, gives the above estimate, and says he can clear one hun- 
dred dollars a day at his works with ease. There are numerous 
localities in the lead regions, where mines would at once be opened 
if some one would start a smelting furnace, so as to make a 
market for their mineral ; and any one willing to invest from one 
thousand to three thousand dollars could soon find proper loca- 
tions, where the mineral would come as regularly as wheat to a 
mill in a strictly grain-growing region. 

New lead mines are being opened in Hickory, Benton and Pet- 
tis counties, with very flattering prospects ; and the Gran by and 
Jasper lead mines are being worked more vigorously than ever. 
We are informed by those who have lately returned from a trip 
through that region, that they have niet as many as fifty teams in 
a day hauling lead from the Southwest mines to Sedalia. If it 
pays to wagon lead from Granby to Sedalia, 150 miles, it will cer- 
tainly pay far better to develop mines within twenty-three miles 
from Sedalia, and six miles from a navigable river. The Cole 
Camp mines in Benton county, are but six miles from a steam- 
boat landing on the Osage river, and twenty-three miles from the 
Pacific Eailroad at Sedalia, and if the Btatements of all who have 
examined the mines are correct, there is probably no better oppor- 
tunity for investment in mining in the West. These mines prom- 
ise, as far as explored, to "pan out" as rich as any thus far dis- 
covered in the State. For full description, those interested are 
referred to the advertisement in this work. The Geological re- 
port of the property can be had on application to the office of this 
company, 27 South Pourth street, St. Louis. The owners are 
anxious to dispose of an interest, for no other purpose than to 
erect a smelting establishment, and to thoroughly and systema- 
tically develop the property. To such a party a great bargain 
will be given. 

We are authorized, by a mining company, to make this offer : — 
The company will guarantee to each miner a support, whether he 
discovers mineral or not, and in every case, when mineral is found, 
they will secure to him the actual benefit of the profits of mining. 
Is there any more favorable chance for miners, in the United 
States ? We shall be glad to correspond with capitalists or minera, 
who wish to invest capital or labor in mining. 



28 



MANUFACTURES IN STi LOUIS 
Although almost every branch of manufactures carried on in 
the United States is represented in St. Louis, it is not known 
abroad as a manufacturing city, and not one in a thousand of our 
own citizens has a just conception of the variety and extent of the 
articles produced here. The total value of articles manufactured 
in St. Louis in 1867, Avas ^41,625,457, by 250 establishments. A 
few of these are old established houses, and will compare favor- 
ably with any in the West, in capacity, or character of pro- 
ductions; but the greater number are of comparativel}' recent 
date. Here in the West, the magnitude and status of cities will 
be determined, chiefly, by their capacity to produce — commerce 
is but a secondary element in the development of their growth. 
We have many instances at our very doors, illustrating the fact 
that commerce seeks new channels, and that its current is fre- 
quently changed by causes far beyond the control of those .residing 
at a particular locality. Eailroads, to a great extent, are taking 
the place of water communication, even alongside these natural 
thoroughfares. We are a fast, as well as a practical people. Our 
great aim is to do more this year, in the same space of time, and 
to do it better, than ever before. Hence, one man, now, with the 
latest and most improved labor-saving farming machinery, can, 
with two horses, cultivate a larger area of several of our leading 
crops than ten men could do the same, a few years ago. Sim- 
ilar improvements are being made in every industrial pursuit. 

St. Louis possesses all the physical elements of a great manu- 
facturing city, and as is shown in another article, we have the raw 
matei'ials in the greatest abundance, for manufacturing, success- 
fully and profitably nearly every article we now import or use. 
We want capital, enterprise and skilled labor. It is unnecessary 
to repeat the advantages in detail, or the kinds of manufactures 
which can be profitably established here. Practical, shrewd busi- 
ness men, with sulScient foresight to inaugurate an enterprise in 
a new locality, require suggestions and facts merely, and in mat- 
ters relating to their vocation they examine and reason for them- 
selves, and are governed by their own conclusions. All we ask 
for St. Louis, is that capitalists and manufacturers will investi- 
gate her claims and advantages as a manufacturing point 

Heretofore we have relied too much upon our natural commer 
cial advantages. It is vain to imagine that commerce alone can 



29 

biiild up and sustain large cities in the interior of the United 
States, Nothing is more dangerous to the prosperity of cities, 
than a reliance on natural advantages. St. Louis is still suffering 
from the illusion — so long and persistently believed and lived up 
to, alas, too faithfully by many of her old-fogy citizens. 

The new era has dawned upon Missouri, and upon her com- 
mercial metropolis. Here we have inaugurated the movement 
for shipping grain in bulk by barges, from any point on the Mis- 
sissippi to New Orleans, then to be transferred by elevators into 
vessels, (in bulk,) and shipped direct to Europe. Here the problem 
has been solved, and the experiment proved a success beyond the 
anticipations of the most sanguine, that the very best quality of 
iron can be produced from our Missouri ores by using our own 
coal as fuel. Later, Mr. P. L. Howlett, of Sangamon county, 
III, brought 120 tons of coal from his banks to Carondelet, and 
made a thorough test in the furnace of McKernan, Lilly & Co., 
with the following result : He began to put his coal in the fur- 
nace on the 10th, using Missoui'i ores in the proportion of 325 
pounds Iron Mountain to 75 pounds Pilot Knob, with 120 pounds 
limestone, using a 5 or 6 pound blast. He thus smelted 82 tons 
of ore, producing 44 tons of pig iron. He made 24 tons in 24 
hours, the highest amount made from Big Muddy coal in the same 
time being 16 tons. Of the quality of this iron it is sufficient to 
say Mr. Howlett was offered $40 per ton for the entire lot on 
Saturday, and the subjoined certificate will establish its superior 
qualities : 

St. Louis, May 17, 1868. 
P. L. Howlett, Esq., St. Louis, Mo.: — 

Dear Sir : — The test made of Carondelet fui-nace pig iron 
shows a tensile strength of twenty-seven thousand pounds (27,000 
lbs.) The test made of the same from one of the first heats stood 
12,000 lbs. Brazil pig stood 6000 lbs. The standard for 0. B. 
charcoal is 22,000 to 24,000 lbs. Our H. B. No. 1 charcoal is 
about 16,000 pounds. EespectfuUy, 

H. M. WOODWAED, 
Treasurer Union Car Works Co. 

Carondelet, Mo., May 14, 1868. 
This is to certify that I have managed the smelting of iron ore 
with coal brought here by P. L. Howlett, and I must say that 
it has far exceeded my expectations, making a good quality of 
iron and more of it in twenty-four hours than any other coal used 
in this Carondolet furnace, and I further say that I have been 
raised a furnace man, and followed it all my life, and am now 



30 

forty-eight yoai-s old, and I never have seen as soft, solid, white 
iron as this coal has made, and think that if I could have a fort- 
night's run on it I would be •^ ble to make an A No. 1 foundry iron 
with it, as it always requires some time to adjust the proportions 
of iron ore, lime and other materials, to bring about the desired 
change. EOBEET ADAMS. 

The St. Louis Democrat says : The cost of the experiment is of 
importance, and we give it quite accurately, as follows : 

Coal, 120 tons at $4 delivered 8480 00 

Ore, 82 tons at $5 delivered 410 00 

Lime, 20 tons at $1 delivered 20 00 

Labor, 37 hands at $2 per day 248 00 

Eent and interest, say 50 00 

Total $1,108 00 

This gives, for 44 tons of pig iron resulting, a cost of §25,18 per 
ton, v/hich at a sale of §40 nets- §328 profit per day. It is perti- 
nent to remark that a considerable quantity of unconsumed coke 
remained, showing the coal used would have smelted a greater 
quantity of ore. 

A reduction of at least §1 per ton can be made in the coal, pro- 
bably, by arranging for transportation, and especially by exchang- 
ing coal for ores as return freights, and this, we learn, will be 
speedily effected by the erection of furnaces at Mr. Howlett's 
mines, who informs us that a large amount of capital will at once 
— as the result of his test — be put into this new enterprise. In 
this view we wish to enforce anew the idea that veins of coal will 
be. found in Missouri of perhaps better quality than the Sangamon 
coal. Let every attention be given to the matter, and every aid 
afforded to their development. That St. Louis and its vicinity is 
speedily to become the great iron center of the country is assured : 
but every citizen should lend himself to develop all the necessary 
conditions. 

Since the favorable result of the iron experiment has become 
known, capitalists are coming thither to embark in manufacturing. 
An association of practical hard-working iron-men, with twenty 
years' experience, has been formed in Danville, Pa., and are mak- 
ing arrangenlents to start some branch of the iron business here. 
In noticing this company the St. Louis Democrat, (Eep.) says : 

" These initial movements are but precursors to a grand influx 
of the best population in the land, as the result of the iron enter- 
prise, and people are not yet half awake to its importance." 



31 

We have a most complete system of railroads, radiating from 
St. Louis to every^ portion of the country, which, in connection 
with the Mississippi and its tributaries, give her the control of 
more extensive facilities for receiving raw materials and distribut- 
ing manufactured articles, than any other city on the continent 
can ever command. 

Capitalists in the Eastern or Middle States, desiring opportuni- 
ties for profitable investments in manufacturing, should investi- 
gate the advantages St. Louis possesses, as above indicated, for the 
manufacture of iron. 



TIN IN MISSOURI 

About one year ago the first practical and thorough explora- 
tions were made in search of tin ore, and the result was more than 
satisfactory. Traces of tin, and tin bearing rock have been found 
in several localities, but thorough tests have only been made of 
the ore found in Madison county. " The Missouri Tin Mining 
Company " own several thousand acres, embracing Tin mountain, 
and a large tract of timber land. They now have about one hun- 
dred men employed, twelve of whom are Cornish miners, as is 
the superintendent. Tin mountain is 900 feet high, above St. 
Francis river as its base. No. 4 tunnel- is 400 feet below the top 
of the mountain, and has been opened into the hill sixty feet. No. 
3 tunnel is 60 feet below, and extends 150 feet into the hill. No. 
2 is 60 feet below No. 3, and is opened 200 feet into the hill, strik- 
ing the lode at a depth of 38 feet. No. 1 is 60 feet still. below, and 
has penetrated the hill to a depth of 200 feet. 

The company are erecting a furnace, with all necessary ma- 
chinery, propelled by an 100-horse-power engine, which. will be of 
sufficient capacity to run out two tons of metallic tin every twenty- 
four hours. The works are of the most substantial character, to 
cost about §"'75,000, and are situated about 640 feet below the top 
of the hill, and 260 feet above the rivei*. The prospects are that 
the works will be in operation by the middle of August, and we 
hope to announce in our next Quarterly, that pigs and bars of 
pure tin, equal to any in the world, are being produced in Missouri ! 

By examining the "commerce and navigation" reports, it will 
be found that the average amount of metallic tin imported an- 
nually during the last ten years, Avas five millions, one iiundred 



32 

and eighteen thousand, one hundred and seventy-seven dollars 
worth, in gold. During the ten years ending June 30, 1864, we 
had imported and paid gold for Z5 1,18 1,77^ loorth of Tin ! 

The question naturally arises, " how do the Missouri Tin Mines 
compare with the most productive mines of the old world V 

The Superintendent of the Missouri Tin Mining Company's 
Works, has had over thirty years experience in the Cornwall 
mines. He says they invest hundreds of thousands of dollars in 
immense machinery, bring their ores from an average depth of 
over 350 feet — in some instances 2,000 feet — pump the water out 
and manipulate the ore at great expense, and yet make a profit 
by working ores that yield only two per cent. 

The deposits in the Missouri Tin Mines are above the works, and 
the ore is taken down hill to the furnace, and the shafts are well 
drained. Numerous assays, made from surface specimens, some 
months since, yielded from four to six per cent., and some of the 
wise men of the East pronounced the statements Unfounded — be- 
cause they thought it impossible. During the last week in March, 
the President of the company, for his own satisfaction, made an as- 
say, his first efi'ort of the kind. He procured ten ounces of the bor- 
ings, taken from several different holes, preparing for blasting, and 
using the flux recommended by Cornishmen, he produced over ono 
ounce of pure tin ! and that too without roasting or washing the 
stuff. Several trials since have given the same result ! Over ten 
per cent. The equal was never before known, anywhere ! 

Four per cent, is the maximum at Cornwall, and this from lodes 
never exceeding three feet in width, and usually not more than a 
very few inches of paying ore. The lodes from which this ore was 
bored, are 27 feet wide ! If two per cent ore will pay iA Cornwall, 
brought from a depth of 2,000 feet, one per cent, should pay as 
well here, so near the surface, and above the works. 

If the newspaper reports of the discovery of tin deposits in 
America, " said to produce three and four per cent, ore," have 
unsettled the market for tin stocks in the Old World, what will be 
the effect when the Cornishmen, now at work in these mines, 
I'eport the true character, extent, richness and situation of our 
Missom-i tin deposits ? They can contrast our mines, yielding ten 
per cent, ore already, only a few feet below the surface, — where 
miners can work in a pure, healthy mountain atmosphere, in the 
forest beside a beautiful river, with pleasant surroundings, and 
better wages — with the deep, dark, damp shafts, ventilat^'^ onlv 



38 

by machinery, where miners work in a perpetual night upon two 
to four per cent. ores. 

Messrs. Moody, Michel & Co., the proprietors of the Missouri 
Tin Mining Company, have boldly stepped forward to test this 
matter thoroughly, and their expenditures will probably amount 
to $150,000 before they are ready to manufacture. They deserve 
the gratitude of every friend of progress in America, and verily 
they will reap their reward ! In proportion to the amount of each 
used, the deposits of tin ore in Missouri are as extensive and rich 
as those of iron. We have mountains of tin as well as of iron — all 
we want is capital and enterprise , these will secure any amovmt 
of skilled labor to develope the mines, and supply not only the 
United States, but in time, other countries. 

By the following from the St. Louis Dispatch, of May 13, it wilf 
be seen that the heaviest tin importing house in America, has in- 
vested largely in the Missouri Tin Mines : 

The Tin Mines of Missouri. — Hon. W. E. Dodge, of the firm, 
of Phelps, Dodge & Co., New York, purchased, a few days ago, 
a tract of land in Madison county, for which he paid $50,000 
cash. The land is very valuable and is believed to contain one of 
the richest tin lodes in the State. It is located about fourteen 
miles from Pilot Knob, and the proposed extension of the Iron 
Mountain Railroad in that direction in a few months, will doubt- 
less give a great impetus to the development of the rich mineral 
resom*ces of that region. 

Mr. Mood}^, of the firm of Moody, Michel & Co. , of this city, has 
for several months past been engaged in carrying on extensive 
operations in that vicinity, which are likely, ere long, to yield 
him a very handsome reward. He has a large number of men 
employed, and large quantities of the finest ore are daily taken 
from the bowels of the mountain. This ore is pronounced to be 
of the very best quality, and the tin made therefrom is regarded 
to be equal to the most durable metal of the kind ever produced. 
A gentleman who visited that region lately, expresses surprise at 
the magnitude of the operations now going on there, Mr. Moody 
having already invested nearly $100,000 in carrying on his 
operations. 

In November the railroad will be running to Predericktown, 
which is within nine miles of this rich locality. The fact of a 
shrewd gentleman like Mr. Dodge making an investment there, 
shows that he fully realizes the extent and value of the min3ral 
resources of that section of Missouri, and, ere many months roll 
round, Ave shall not be surprised to find many other capitalists, both 
at home and abroad, investing their money in the same way. 

Recent discoveries reveal the fact that not only tin is to be ob- 
tained there in abundance, but the mountain regions will be found 
3 



34 

prolific in iron, lead, silver and gold, awaiting only tlie expendi- 
ture of capital and Tabor to bring this richly stored region more 
promineiitly before the notice of the world and make it in time 
the rival of the far famed mineral territoiy on the Pacific coast. 
The rich mineral resources of our State, as evinced in these recent 
discoveries, are full of promise for the future of Missouri, and we 
predict that in a few short months there will be thousands of men 
and millions of capital employed in the development of the untold 
wealth that exists in the long chains of mountains that lie to the 
southward of St. Louis, and which, from their location and mate- 
rial advantages, with beauty of scenery and other attractions, can- 
not fail to have an important influence iipon the industrial interests 
of the country at large. 

Having maps of the Tin region, and names of owners of the 
best Tin lands, the Western Farm and Immigration Company 
will gladly furnish information to all who "want the Tin." 



RAILROAD PROGRESS IN THE WEST. 

We have seen a statement, going the rounds of the press, that 
" fourteen years ago, March 14th, the first locomotive crossed the 
Allegheny mountains." 

There are now twice the number of miles of railroads in ope- 
ration west of the mountains that there is on the eastern slope — 
leaving out the Southern States, in both instances. 

In February, 1855, the pioneer locomotive reached the Missis- 
sippi river, at Eock Island — the first through line from the East. 
Now there are upwards of ten thousand miles of railroads in ope- 
ration west of the Mississippi — more than were built in the whole 
United States fifteen years ago — and there are ten thousand miles 
more projected, a good proportion of which will be vigorously 
pushed to completion. Upwards of two thousand miles of raili'oad 
have been constructed west of the Mississippi since the close of 
the war. 

The .following brief summary of the railroads now in course of 
construction, will give our far-off readers some idea of the work 
on hand, so far as railroads are concerned : — 

The Korth Missouri railroad is to be completed to the Iowa 
state lino in Nov.— there to be met by the Iowa Central, extend- 
ing northward to St. Paul, ultimately. The western exten- 
sion of the North Missouri railroad will be completed to Kansas 
Oity this fall, affording a route, to tho latter place, from St. Ijouis, 



35 

forty miles shorter tlian via the Missouri Pacific. This last named 
road is to have an eastern connection, by a line being built from 
Moberly to Quincy. The St. Louis and Keokuk Eailroad Compa- 
ny are making arrangements to complete their road without un- 
necessary delay. Before this reaches the reader, the work will be 
under contract. The Keokuk JSTorthern, and an extension of the 
Des Moines Valley railroad, with others now projected in Iowa, 
will become important feeders to this new line. The St, Louis 
and St. Joseph railroad is daily gaining favor. The St. Joseph 
Herald urges, among other considerations, that its completion 
would "make St. Joseph a city of 150,000 inhabitants; secure a 
competing line to the East; give access to the most productive 
coal beds in the West, reducing the price of fuel to one-third of 
its present cost; render tributary to St. Joseph the finest agricul- 
tu i-ai, stock-raising and fruit-growing region of Missouri ; and pro- 
vide the shortest route from the mountains to the South and East. 
The Council Bluff's and St. Joseph Railroad was completed the 
first of July last to St. Joseph, AVhich, by rail to Weston and 
KansavSi City, and by the Pacific Eailroad to St. Louis, will give 
a short and expeditious route from Omaha to St. Louis. The 
road from Leavenworth to Cameron, Missouri, has been sur- 
veyed and partly graded, and it is the intention of its projectors 
to complete it as rapidly as materials can be procured. The Bur- 
lington and Missouri River Eailroad is now completed to Afton, 
Iowa, within one hundred miles of Omaha, to which latter point 
it is contracted to be completed 1st July, 1869. The branch to 
Sioux City, Iowa, is completed, and the first through train from 
New York to Sioux City reached that point on the 30th, having 
left the former place on the 21st, loaded with goods for Montana. 
It is stated that the contractors on the Dubuque and Sioux City 
Eailroad have sub-let the work of grading between Iowa Falls and 
Fort Dodge. The Du'buque Times says that an increased force of 
men will soon be put on the work and the enterprise pushed for- 
ward with energy and dispatch. The Leavenworth, Lawrence 
and Galveston Eailroad, is progressing under favorable auspices. 
The woi"k is completed as far as Ottawa, and will be pushed vigor- 
ously this winter. The Kansas and Santa Fe Eailroad ComjDany 
has lately been organized. It is not proposed at present to extend 
this road to a greater distance than Emporia, Kansas, the route 
passing by way of Olathe, Gardner and Ottowa, the distance from 
Kansas City being about seventy miles. Col. Coates, President 



36 , - - 

of the Fort Scott Kailroad, KanMas, states tnat after a great deal 
of labor he has succeeded in raising the money to pay for the 
neutral lands and to build the entire road. As soon as the patents 
to these lands are received, the money will be paid down and the 
work at once commenced. An exchange says : The railroad ex- 
citement in Missouri runs so high that after the recent election in 
Davies county, voting a subscription of $150,000 stock to the 
Leavenworth and Des Moines Eailway, and $150,000 to the Chilli- 
cothe and Omaha Eailroad Company, the ladies of the county at 
and near Gallatin turned out and joined the procession, headed by 
the brass band, marched through the principal streets of Gallatin, 
and to the Court House, where congratulatory speeches and songs 
of the " good time coming " were the order of the evening. The 
people of Northwest Missouri believe in railroads. They have now 
in operation the Hannibal and St. Joseph, the Kansas City and 
Cameron, the Platte Valley, the St. Joseph and Savannah, and 
are now agitating the construction of a road from Leavenworth 
via Plattsburg to Cameron, and another from Omaha to Bruns- 
wick. Also another line from the North Missouri, east of Carrol 
county, to Plattsburg, there to tap the Leavenworth and Cameron 
road. The road from Boonville to Tipton is now completed. 
A gap of only forty -five miles remains to be closed to link Omaha 
with St. Louis by railroad. The Lexington and , St. Louis, the 
Sedalia and Fort Scott, the Neosho Valley and numerous other 
railroads are projected, some of which will soon be put under con- 
tract. The Southern Pacific is in the hands of practical capitalists, 
who will urge the work w^ith all possible speed. Thomas Allen 
has a very large force at work on the L'on Mountain Eailroad, 
and it will be completed to Belmont, below Cairo, as soon as the 
work can be accomplished. 

By the Union Pacific Eailroad, E. D., through Missouri and 
Kansas, there is but one unbridged sti'eam between New York 
and San Francisco, and that bridge — across the Mississippi at 
St. Louis — is being built. The U. P. E. R, E. D., has now 405 
miles of road completed, the track being laid 117 miles beyond 
Hays, and rapidly advancing. The Hays City Eailway Adranct 
says that the survey of the Kansas Pacific has been completed to 
the 436th mile post, and the road will be extended immediately. 
Ground was broke on the Denver Pacific Eailroad on the 18th, 
and one mile graded. Two railroads will be built from Cheyenne 
into Colorado, viz : one via the east bank of the Platte river to 



37 

.Denver ; and the othei* via the west bank to Golden City. The 
Union Pacific Company will lay the rails and place the rolling 
stock on both, roads as fast as each twenty miles are graded. The 
Cheyenne Leader says that twenty-five car loads of railroad iron 
arrived from Omaha, and that the company expect to average 
about fiftj' cars per day. Each car carries twenty-seven tons ; 
1080 tons per day, or for say 200 working days, a total amount of 
216,000 tons. They have a sufficient amount on hand to lay one 
hundred and fifty miles of track, one half the distance to be built 
during the summer and fall. 

It may not be out of place here to answer the very natural 
question, "Where is Cheyenne?" It is situated on the Union 
Pacific Eailroad, 517 miles west of Omaha, and 527 miles east of 
Salt Lake City, 110 miles north of Denver and 85 miles south of 
Fort Laramie. The first building was erected on the 27th of July, 
1867, and the population now exceeds five thousand. It is at the 
end of the grand division of the Union Pacific Eailroad, near the 
base of the mountains. Six months from the time the site was 
pitched upon, it was transformed from a patch of naked, sun-burnt 
prairie, into a populous, thrifty Western city, with seventeen large 
mercantile establishments, nine of which average sales amounting 
to about $1,000 per day ; three banking houses, whose aggregate 
deposits amounted to upwards of $360,000 nearly two months ago, 
and no telling what the business is by this time, so rapid is the 
increase. The Frontier Index, a spicy border paper, " on wheels," 
which is now published at Laramie City, the farthest Western 
city on the Pacific Eailroad, says the city is only a week old, yet 
1,000 lots have been sold, and there are four hundred houses and 
stores in course of erection. Laramie has a fine water power, and 
the Union Pacific Eailroad Company has decided to locate car 
shops and railroad works there. 

The rapid building up of Cheyenne and Laramie City, are but 
two instances out of many, of new towns springing up, as if by 
magic, along western railroads. " Our numbers as a nation, in- 
crease at the rate of $2,000,000 a year, and most of this increase 
is at the West. One might as well attempt to follow the flying 
horizon that attends the westering sun, as to keep pace with our 
western geography — so rapidly do Territories develop into States, 
hamlets into towns, and towns into cities." One index fact of 
this is, that one western railroad has this season carried upwards 
of 15,000 more passengers westward than eastward. 



38 

The American Agriculturist in explaining the advantage of rail- 
roads to farmers, says : To haul 40 bushels of corn 50 miles on a 
wagon would cost at least $12 for team, driver and expenses. A 
railroad would transport it for $4 at most. Allowing an average 
of 40 bushels per acre, the crop would be worth $8 more per acre, 
or eight per cent, on 100. As the relative advantage is about the 
same for other crops, it is clear that a railroad passing through a 
town would add $110 per acre to the value of the farms. A town 
10 miles square contains 64,000 acres. An increase of $100 per 
acre is equal to $6,400,000, or enough to build 200 miles of rail- 
road, even if it cost $32,000 per mile. But 200 miles of railroad 
would extend through twenty towns ten miles square, and cost 
but $10 per acre if taxed upon the land. These figures are given 
merely as an illustration. If the farmers had taxed themselves 
to build all the railroads in this country, and given them av,^ay to 
any compaijies that would stock and run them, the present in- 
creased value of their lands would have well repaid all the outlay. 

According to official returns of taxable property in twelve coun- 
ties in Missouri, taken before and after the railroad was built 
through them, the increase in valuation ivas $135,202,973. — 
Meanwhile the valuation in six counties without railroads has 
increased only $2,149,940 ; and in three other counties away from 
railroads property has decreased $1,801,893 ! 

The above facts go to show that were it necessary to secure the 
construptioii of a railroad, the owners of land to be benefitted, 
could well afford to subscribe one-quarter, and in some instances 
one-half the value of their land, as the increase resulting from rail- 
road benefits would more than compensate for the subscription, 
and the remainder of the laud would sell for more, in cash, with 
the railroad in operation, than the whole would bring without it. 

We extract the following from a lengthy article in the Alta 
Calif ornian of a recent date : 

" It is confidently predicted that the Central Pacific will reach a 
point only 150 miles this side of Salt Lake by the close of the 
present season, and by the same time the Union Pacific will 
have reached a point only 180 miles east of Salt Lake, leaving 
a gap of but 330 miles to be closed in 1869. The new works 
of the Central Pacific, all along their line, are on a scale of 
extent which indicates unlimited faith in the magnitude and per- 
manency of the business which the Company will have to trans- 
act. At Sacramento, the foundations for the immense ^ round 
house,' factories and workshops of the Company on the north 
Bide of the slough, and between it and the American river, 



39 

have already been laid, and the work is progressing steadily. 
These works will be of gi-eat extent, and give employment to 
a small army of operatives. The Company have nearly com- 
pleted a round house which will have stalls for twenty-nine 
locomotives. Here will be kept, as in a livery stable, relays 
of locomotives, to be hitched on to the ascending trains as re- 
quired. 

" ' All aboard for Chicago, St. Louis, and New York I' we can 
almost hear the conductor ciy already, and long before this day, 
1870, the call will have become as familiar to our ears here in 
San Francisco, as it is now on the banks of the Missouri. What 
an event it will be in the history of our State and country 
when the locomotives from the shores of the Pacific and the 
great lakes shall meet in the great interior basin of the conti- 
nent, and exchange their shrill greetings in exultation over the 
accomplishment of the mighty task !" 

The San Francisco Bulletin, in speculating as to the results 
of the great race between the Central and Union Pacific rail- 
roads to reach Salt Lake, gives the following figures : The dis- 
tance from New York to San Francisco is 3,300 miles ; from New 
York to Omaha is 1,445 miles ; Omaha to Evans' Pass, to Avhich 
point the U. P. R. R. is now complete, 548 miles, giving an east- 
ern completed line of 2,003 miles. From Sacramento to Nevada 
Easin, to which point the Central is now completed, is 140 miles, 
making the aggregate number of miles built between New York 
and Sacramento 2,143, and leaving 1,157 to construct. The eastern 
line projDoses to build 300 miles this year, the western to extend 
360 miles toward Salt Lake and complete the line of 124 miles 
between San Francisco and Sacramento. This will make the track 
laid during 1868 foot up 784 miles, leaving 363 to be completed in 
1869. This the companies expect to do notwithstanding the 
Union Pacific Company has been five years in building 548 miles. 
Heretofore the eastern line has had the least difficulties to over- 
come ; with an average grade of 13 1-4 feet to the mile, while the 
western line has had an average grade of 66 1-2 feet to the mile. 
Now these difficulties will be reversed, the eastern line having the 
range to cross at an altitude of 8,842 feet, while the western line 
has an upland plateau with but light grades. Both are using the 
most herculean efforts to reach Salt Lake first. The coach and 
rail time from California to New York is now ten days. 

When the Pacific Eailroad is finished, the tour of the world can 
De made in two-and-a-half months. From New York to San 
Francisco will take seven days; from San Francisco to Hong 



40 



Kong, by way of Yokohama, twenty days ; from Hong Kong, by 
steamer, to Suez, thirty-two days ; from Suez to Paris, six days ; 
from Paris to New York, ten days ; in all seventy-five days. This 
can only be done, however, by continuous travelling and success- 
ful connections everywhere. 



STOCK RAISING. 

According to the census of 1860, Missouri ranked as the sixth 
stock-producing State in the Union — having $53,693,673 worth. 
Her climate, extensive prairie and timber ranges, and her location, 
entitle her to rank as one of the first. For years to come thous- 
ands of acres of excellent grazing laud will be open for the free 
use of those who locate contiguous thereto ; and as there are sea- 
sons and circumstances which may combine to produce a failure 
of vai'ious crops, in every climate, stock-raising, combined with 
farming, has greater advantages, less hazard and more certain 
profit than any one branch of farming. Local facilities and ad- 
vantages will dictate the degree of attention and means ifc is exp-e- 
dient to devote to each bi-anch. In all portions of the country, 
horses, cattle, mules, sheep and hogs are now scarce, owing to the 
depletion during the war, and the demand will be great for many 
years to come. An examination of the market reports in any of the 
city papers, will show that the prices must afford the producer a 
handsome profit. This is an easy, quick and profitable branch of 
farming, and can be engaged in successfully in almost any portion 
of Missouri, Kansas, Iowa or Nebraska ; though in many respects 
the warmer climate is preferable. To produce the best quality of 
beef, mutton or pork for markets, an ample supply of corn is in- 
dispensable ; hence purely grazing lands, without attention to the 
cultivation of crops of corn, is not ad\asable. 

In Northern Missouri, the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad claim 
their prairie lands are the very best for stock-raising. The broad 
prairies furnish excellent grazing for the long, salubrious sum- 
mers ; and the winters are so short and mild that but little feed- 
ing is necessary. The custom of the country is to enter in and 
occupy with herds, droves and flocks with perfect freedom, and to 
cut all the prairie hay desired without other cost or charge than 
cuttmg and stacking, which is usually one dollar per ton, by using . 
the improved mowers. To do this is not trespassing upon the 



41 

rights of others. To cut timber from unoccupied land would be 
illegal and wrong, but it is otherwise with the prairie grass, which. 
if not saved, decays or is burned. So that the non-resident owner 
can have no objection to its being' used or saved by others. So 
one or two hundred tonB of excellent hay can be easily and cheaply 
obtained. The actual extent and value of this practical gratuity 
is immense and must be seen to be appreciated. A correspondent, 
alluding to the country along the Southwest Pacific railroad, says 
that "commencing in Franklin county, and passing throui^h Craw- 
ford, Phelps, ]\Iaries, Pulaski and Miller to the Osage, and along 
the eastern bank of that river to Osceola, is in our judgment unsur- 
passed in any country or climate as a stock- and sheep-raising 
eountr}'. It is emphatically a grazing country; gently rolling, 
with an abundance of fine water. The timber is not close, so as 
to injure the grass, and at the same time aftbrding to the stock, 
(especially sheep,) protection from the oppressive heat of the sum- 
mer or the chill blasts of winter. The grass is of a richer and 
more nutritious kind than is found upon the open prairie, and for 
this reason these lands are far preferable, for the purposes indica- 
ted, than are large prairies. The winters are more mild, and 
hence there is a necessity for less winter feeding than in any of 
the wool-groAving States. Add to this, it is the testimony of wool- 
growers that sheep increase greatly in size in this St^ite. On the 
land under consideration, a pound of good, rich, nourishing mutton 
can be raised fully as cheap as can a pound of pork in which there 
is no nourishment. \Ye are sometimes led to believe that there is 
some stra7ige affinity between slavery and swine, and that the un- 
clean spirits long years since cast out, have in our day returned 
through swine, to infuse into their voracious consumers the unclean 
spirit of rebellion. The counties we have named could, without 
in an/ wa}^ interfering with their agricultural or mineral lands, 
furnish sustenance to millions of sheep and cattle." 

There are several counties in Southern Missouri, remote from 
railroad communication at present, where stock-raising could be 
more profitably engaged in than any other branch of farming, and 
where lands can be had at government prices, or under the Home- 
stead act, by colonies or indiAdduals. Western Missouri and Kan- 
sas also possess superior advantages for stock-raising, as well as 
for all lands of farming ; and this section will very soon be well 
supplied with railroads. 

When seen from one of the many view-points easily found, com- 



42 

manding in a single glance an area of a hundred thousand acres 
of very superior land, capable of being used at once to produce 
food and clothing for the needy, the painful idea arises that such 
great resources remain idle within three days travel of all om* 
Atlantic seaboard cities and towns, crowded with a surplus popu- 
lation, whose sharp competition depreciates the value of their 
labor, and on the other hand advances the price of all the neces- 
saries of life beyond the ability of many to procure — thus demon- 
strating that the proportion of consumers to the producers, is 
much greater than it should be. When such an ample remedy is 
within reach, how long such a state of things shall continue is for 
the wise and prudent to determine. In this connection it may be 
proper to remark that a company has been chartered to establish 
Union Stock yards at St. Louis, and that the probabilities are that 
extensive Abattoirs will be estabhshed similar to those so success- 
ful in Europe for many years, and recently established near New 
York city. This will greatly facilitate the business of the stock- 
raiser, the meat-dealers of the city, and confine the slaughtering 
and packing of the whole city to one locality, to the exclusion of 
the numerous pestiferous slaughter-houses in the city. On the 
28th day of May the City Council appointed a committee to inves- 
tigate, confer, and arrange for establishing Union Stock-yards. 
This is a move in the right direction, and if nothing should now 
be accomplished by the City Council and stock-dealers, there is an 
excellent opening for a company of enterprising capitalists to open 
an establishment here equal to any in the United States. There 
is an increasing public demand. There is a rapidly increasing de 
mand for both the stock-yard and Abattoir, and besides being of 
the greatest importance to the city in a sanitary point of view 
of great advantage to all parties interested in stock in the country 
and cit}^ both will pay liberally upon the investments. 



SORGHUM IN MISSOURI. 
Ho^vEVKR it may have been regarded in the past, the growing 
of Sorghum is destined to rank among the most important of ag- 
ricultural pursuits in the Western country. Certainly no other 
branch of industry commends itself in a higher degree to the in- 
telligence of the farming community of Missouri, where all the 
prerequisites to success in it are found — an exhuberant soil — a high 



43 

summer temperature and unrivalled commercial facilities. And 
yet while this is true when the subject is examined in the light 
which practical good sense aided by systematic research is capable 
of throwing upon it, it is also true that the records of American 
agriculture show no example of a pursuit of equal importance 
that, in its most vital interests, has been so strangely neglected by 
those who should be most interested in it, so jeopardized by the 
indiscretions of its friends, and so entirely at the mercy of those 
with whom charlatanry is a trade. 

The vicissitudes through which the cultivation of this plant has 
passed within the brief period since its introduction into our 
country, and the very discordant results that have been attained 
are attributable mainly, however, to the want of anj- definite, 
practicable, and well-organized system of working up the raw 
material. All the want of success is clearly traceable to a single 
cause — a general lack of information as to the proper and best 
means of utilizing the jilant. 

It came to us heralded by a glowing but vaguely defined esti- 
mate of its value, as a sugar plant ; but its chemical constitution 
and the means of rendering its best qualities practically availa- 
ble, were almost as much a matter of mere speculation as if the 
plant had, like the Indian tobacco, fallen into our hands from the 
skies — but without the definite information for us as to what to do ' 
with it — which the ready communicativeness of the celestial bearer 
of the gift to the red man supplied. The question of its adapta- 
tion to our climate and soil was soon solved. The cultivation of 
the cane, if not conducted in the best manner, soon proved its 
adaptation to our general system of agriculture. From corn to 
cane growing the transition was easy. But here was not the be- 
ginning of the difficulty. The farmer was not a chemist. And 
yet, strange to say, an inquiry so important as that of the prac 
ticability of sugar production at the North, was left almost entireU 
to blind and useless experimentation. Looking back now over 
the results of such a course, it is not to be wondered at that a veg- 
etable product of so complicated a nature as the juice of Sorghum, 
should not have justified the expectations of those who treated it 
as if it were a simple saccharine solution. " Working more wisely 
than he knew " the rural manufacturer has sometimes produced 
better results than usual — but attributing them to trivial influ- 
ences when the real cause lay hid — spent his time in endeavoring 
to "learn the knack of it," and made no real progress. 



44 

To produce sugar or a pure syrup from this cane it is necessary 
to follow a system based upon a knowledge of what the constitu- 
ents of the juice are^ and of a practical method of separating the 
saccharine matter from its combinations. Eandom experiments 
could not teach the manufactui-er these things, and hence the fail- 
ure. But just in proportion as the rationale of asuccesful process 
is understood by the practical operator, will be his confidence in 
his work and in himself, and success sure and permanent will 
follow. 

The true value of this cane is so imperfectly understood by the 
public in general, that to enumerate its merits as revealed by recent . 
researches — its relations to soil and climate and to existing meth- 
ods and means of agricultural labor — in what its peculiar value as 
a sugar plant consists, and by what definite means its products 
may be made available, would occupy more space than can here 
be devoted to the subject. My object in this place is simply to 
call public attention more strongly to this reviving branch of in- 
dustry, refering the reader to an extended account of investiga- 
tions by Prof. F. L. Stewart, already published.* 

Among Northern sugar producing plants Sorghum cane has no 
equal in the richness of its juice — far excelling the beet in this 
respect, and justifying the assertion that the juice of the best vari- 
eties of it, under favorable conditions, contain as much cane sugar 
as does that of the ordinary sugar cane of Louisiana. Fifty per 
cent, of sugar is crystallizable from a dense syrup, the boiling point 
of which is 280 degrees F. The fresh juice, by suitable appliances, 
is readily converted into a prime quality of sugar and a refined syr- 
up of great purity and high flavor. 

In no country in the world can this cane be grown more 
profitably than within the limits of the State of Missouri. As a 
practical proof of this, 300 gallons of crude syrup have been pro- 
duced here from an acre of ground. All the requirements of its 
successful growth are here combined — an almost subtropical sum- 
mer climate, moist enough in spring and early summer, when the 
cane is growing rapidly, and warm enough and long enough to 
ripen the plant and conduce to the utmost richness of its juice — 
light calcareous upland soils, deep and mellow, such as those of 
the high prairies and wooded bluffs, rolling lands or hillsides with 

» " Sorghum and its Products," published by J. B. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia, 12mo., 
240 p., and a review of the same work, in the Third Annual Report of the Missouri State 
Board oi Agriculture for 1868, by Dr. L. D. Morse, Corresponding Secretary of the Board. 



45 

a southern exposure so as to receive the rays of the sun almost 
vertically in midsummer, naturally well drained, and deficient in 
none of the chemical constituents or physical properties which 
conduce to the growth of the plant or to the perfection of its juice. 
Such a combination of natural advantages is rarely to be met with 
elsewhere, and here their value is still further heightened by the 
geographical position of the region, intersected as it is by the main 
railroad routes between the East and the West, and drained by 
two of the noblest rivers of the globe, which are easy of access to 
tributary streams, and give the manufacturer unsurpassed market 
facilities. 

"When, instead of the crude, ill-flavored syrup, the fact, already 
demonstrated, becomes known, that 250 or 300 gallons of refined 
syrup, excelling in richness and equal in flavor to the best syrups 
of the refineries, can readily be made directly from the cane by 
any intelligent farmer, without greater expense than is incurred 
in the use of the common evaporating apparatus, and that from 
such a syrup prepared from ripened juice 50 per cent, of sugar 
can readily be made at the additional expense chiefly of a room of 
suitable size, heated to a temperature of 80 to 90 degrees F., 
crystallizing vessels and a steam centrifugal drainer, it will be- 
come evident to every one that, with sugars and syrups reduced to 
one half their pi-esent prices, no business that can be pursued by 
the farmers of Missouri will compete in remunerativeness with 
this — on whatever scale of magnitude it is conducted. 

Several distinct varieties of Sorghum were introduced into this 
country, and are now more or less extensively distributed. It 
may be proper in this connection to say that two only of these 
are entitled to special prominence on account of their superior 
value. These are the pure Chinese Sorghum and that variety of 
African Sorghum or Imphee known as Oomseeana (more recently, 
in some localities, absurdly misnamed Otaheitan.) The latter, on 
account of the great saccharine purity of its juice, is greatly to be 
preferred for sugar-making. The Chinese cane yields rather more 
abundantly, and crystallizes readily, and may be used for the 
manufacture of either sugar or s^'rup, but as the natural impedi- 
ments to the drainage of the sugar are in this case much greater, 
it may be grown more appropriately when the production of a 
refined syrup only is desired, and for this purpose it is unequalled. 

At a certain stage of ripeness, the saccharine principle in the 
juico of Sorghum cotisists almost wholh" of cane sugar; at an 



46 

eariior period in the life of the plant grape sugar only is found. 
This fact suggests the feasibility of employing the plant at that 
period as- the most profitable of all sources for the production of 
grape sugar, and consequently the very important bearing which 
this fact is likely to have upon grape culture in a region where 
vineyards will one day cover hundreds of thousands of acres. 

The grape, in seasons unfavorable to its ripening, or when grown 
in a climate where its best qualities cannot be developed, produces 
a wine which contains too little of sugar, and consequently of al- 
cohol, and which will not keep, but runs directly into the acetous 
fermentation. But when a sufii-cient amount of grape sugar, or 
sugar of the same kind as that found naturally in the ripe grape, 
is added to the must, it becomes converted into a wine of as good 
a quality, when ptoperly made, as that which is produced in a more 
genial climate or favorable season. It is just this species of sugar 
which the juice of unripe cane contains — and with this source at 
hand from which it can be derived, it places the wine-grower in 
some degree independent of the vicissitudes of the seasons, and 
makes it within his power to produce a wine in an uncongenial 
season of about as good a quality as in favorable years. He has 
merely to add to the juice of the grape a certain proportion of 
grape sugar in solution in order that the fermentation may not be 
completed until a sufiicient amount of alcohol has been produced 
to bring the wine up to the proper standard of strength and qual- 
ity. To be used for this purpose, the juice must be thoroughly 
defecated to free it from gum and all ingredients affecting either 
the quality or flavor of the wine — which can readily now be done. 

When the true value of the Sorghum plant is properly known 
and appreciated^ and its products utilized as they now can be, it 
will be recognized as one of the most valuable gifts ever bequeath- 
ed by the old continent to the new. May we not hope, ere long, 
to see every acre of the soil of Missouri made accessible to the 
great thoroughfares of inter-oceanic travel, and teeming with the 
productions which find here a congenial home — the deep, rich 
valleys yielding their bountiful harvest of corn and hemp, and 
the breezy uplands an-ayed in the gold and purple of the cane and 
the vine ; her people sensible of their advantages and striving to 
improve them, and rich in all the blessings which liberty, peace 
and plenty can give. 

[By referring to the advertising department of this work, those 
interested will find an explanatory notice of a new process for 



47 

mauufacturiug, not only the best quality of syrup, but also number 
one crystallized sugar from Sorghum. This important invention 
IS now just being introduced into the West, and it is believed will 
work a revolution in sugar-making — enabling every community 
as well as individual farmers to produce not only their home sup- 
pl}'-, but to manufacture sugar for sale as readily as they now do 
their cheese and butter — Avith as little trouble and expense, and 
with a far better profit in return for the capital and labor required. 
VYe invite the reader to give the advertisement alluded to a candid 
and careful perusal. — Ed. Quarterly.] 



SALT 

Can be profitably manufactured and the home market supplied, 
instead of depending for our supply on New York ajid Michigan. 

The Big Salt Springs. — This property lies in the county to 
which it has given name, and embraces the eight hundred acres, 
known as the southeast quarter of section seventeen, the east half 
of section twenty, and the west half of section twenty-one, toAvn- 
ship fifty of range twenty-two. 

It is seven miles from the Missouri river, and about the same 
distance west fx'om Marshall, on the waters of the Salt Fork ot 
the Laramie, in high rolling prairie of superior productiveness 
and abounding in coal. Southwest of it, about six miles distant, 
is the line of the Lexington Branch of the Pacific Eailroad already 
partly constructed, and another road contemplated'from Boonville 
to Lexington, will likely pass over the property. To these antic- 
ipated facilities, it may be added that the surface of the ground 
ofl:er8 no obstacles to the construction of a tram-road to the Mis- 
souri river. 

The springs which have given name to Saline county rise in the 
heart of one of the richest regions of country on the globe, are 
in sight of the Missouri river — the main artery for our growing 
commerce of the West, and within easy reach of the Pacific Eail- 
road. In saline properties these springs are said to excel those 
of any other surface water in the valley of the Mississippi. In 
volume, they are curiosities, even in this land, where nature has 
been so prodigal of her bounties. Vast beds of coal underlying 
the adjacent lands, and the quantities of inflammable gas emitted 
from the springs, are considered to be good indications of the 
presence of petroleum. 



48 f-V- . 

Aside from any prospective value, these springs may be made, 
by a proper disposition of capital, to supply the entire western 
demand for salt. It requires no nice calculation to prove that the 
price of transportation alone, of salt manufactured in other local- 
ities, would insure a good profit, and it is as easy to demonstrate 
that no such manufactures can possibly compete with this. 

The Lexington, Mo., Express says, "no one has ever seen these 
groat natural curiosities without being at once struck with wonder 
and amazement. Within an area of a quarter of a mile there 
are some eight or ten of these springs, two of which would each 
furnish a volume of water sufficient to propel a mill. The watei" 
is as strong, (when tested by a saliometer,) as any other in the 
United States, and the inflammable gas thrown up in immense 
quantities, we have no doubt, indicates the existence of petroleum, 
possibly in greater abundance than any other locality in the Mis- 
sissippi valley." 



By the somewhat famous act of Congress of March, 1820, the 
title to this property, vested in the State of Missouri, subject to a 
restriction not to sell or lease for more than ten years, without 
the consent of Congress. The design of the restriction was to 
keep what was considered of essential benefit to the public, under 
public control. In conformity, therefore, to the terms of the 
grant, the State adopted a lessee sj^stem, which after a time proved 
impracticable. The State was an indifferent landlord, and persons 
disposed to be tenants, uncertain of renewals, were unwilling to 
erect works more durable than their terms. Little was done, con- 
sequently, until Congress removed the restriction in 1831, when 
the State sold and John Smith, T., (thus he distinguished himself) 
became the purchaser — after which, the title continued in him and 
his family until acquired by the present owners. 

From 1832 to 1837, John Smith, T., manufactured salt from the 
surface water, hauling wood several miles, yet so profitable did he 
find it, that nothing but death prevented him from putting the en- 
terprise on a large and permanent basis. In his day, nothing 
was known of coal in the vicinity", r.or does it seem to have oc- 
curred to him to adopt the process of solar evaporation. 

So, also, salt was made from the surface water by the inhabi- 
tants of the surrounding country, who, during the war, resorted 
to these springs and manufactured their own supplies.] 



m 



iPlHf'ilii I' iiii'', A 



^ !■ ' 






49 

A correspondent of the Missouri Bemocrat (in 1865,) visited the 
springs, and gave a lengthy and eloquent discription of them. He 
says, " around these springs is the great stamping-ground of the 
cattle of the surrounding country for miles. Even now, when 
the farmers say, < there is no stock in the country,' you can see 
hundreds of them grazing in the tall grass that surrounds th& 
springs." 

In the neighborhood of the springs there are thousands of acres 
of the finest uncultivated lands in the country, of the richest prai- 
rie in the State. These lands are about the best in the country,, 
and lie between the salt springs and Marshall. Farmers from 
Ohio, Illinois and loAva have lately purchased some fine farms in 
that part of the county. 



FACTS AND ADVICE. 

By Rev. Martin W. Willis, Agent of Missouri Board of luunigratio.-i. 

[Probably no man has done more for Missouri immigration, 
through letters to various eastern newspapers, and by answering 
hundreds of letters of inquiry, than Eev. M. W. Willis ; and as 
he has devoted much time and research to the subjects of which 
he writes, we warmly endorse his statements as truthful, and to 
the point.] 

GO IN AND WIN ! 

Some people arc always hanging back ii anything is to be ac- 
complished or any new enterprise to be inaugurated. They are 
afraid to venture anything. They think enterprise is only Bpecu- 
iatiou, and business talent a sort of grumbling propensity. Yon 
can hope for nothing from these slow-coach, easy-going feai'ful 
men. They call procrastination, prudence j and doubting, discre- 
tion. One man of enterprise, pluck and grit is worth a regiment 
of do-nothings. 

Tub successful are those who dare to uo n and win — who 
take chances to better their fortunes. 

No man succeeds w^ho looks on the dark side until all sides be- 
come dark. A man always expecting to fail, and peering round to 
find misfortune, will be sure to fail and find what he was looking 
for. 

r THE FUTURE OF MISSOURI. 

It is not difiicult to see a magnificent future for our State, h 
we can secure a goo^i working, industrious and intelligent immi- 
4 



50 

gration, we have all wo require to build up a State second to none 
in the Union. We have vast quantities of rich land yet unsettled; 
we have more mineral wealth than we know of ourselves — as fine 
a climate as one need desire. 

Missouri is tranquil and loyal, and on the line of progress. 
What is noblest in the form of institutions, what is most true and 
just in law, what most sacred in human rights, or most advanced 
in thoughts, this Missouri proposes to achieve. Already immi- 
gration is renewing the wastes of war — occupying our fertile lands, 
searching out our mineral riches, and pouring into the channels 
of the world's commei'co both agricultural production and mineral 
wealth. There is no State that promises more certai7i rewards to 
capital and labor. The night has passed away. Free schools, 
free speech, a free press, and free thought, magnetized and elevated 
by all that is best in christian civilization, are the inevitable results 
in Free Missouri. We have a magnificent State, larger than Eng- 
land and Ireland put together. We can give work and wages to 
and feed as large a population as Ireland has to-day — that is five 
millions, (and feed them far better.) We have millions of acres of 
land yet untouched by spade or plow. What may we not hope 
for Missouri when her resoui'ces are developed, her cities built and 
her land all cultivated ! 

"Westward the course of empire takes its wa}^" 

PROGRESS SINCE THE WAR. 

The following facts, from Gov. Fletcher's last message, show 
a very satisfactory condition of affairs. He says that at the close 
of the war, our population was reduced to about 800,000, and our 
State debt was $37,000,000. Our population has increased during 
the past three years 700,000, and is now about 1,500,000, and we 
have paid off 811,000,000 of the debt. Then the valuation of our 
property was only $215,000,000, while now it is about §455,000,000. 

AVOOL GROWING. 

Missouri yields the palm to no State in respect to sheep raising . 
Its advantages are so great in comparison with more northern 
Strtcs, that they attract the attention of the wool-growing interest 
all over the North. The mildness of the climate, the early sunny 
spring, the little feed necessary, give Missouri an advantage that 
Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan do not possess. With 
equal flocks and equal management and cai*e, sheep-raising is fifty 
per cent, more profitable in Missouri than in more northern lati- 
tudes. There is no other business that pays better. The diseases 
incident to sheep in more severe climates, with long winters, fierce 
storms and deep snows, are not known in Missouri. Wool-grow- 
ing cannot be overdone. There is no business or production so se- 
cure in result, so certain to pay generous profits, as this. 

FRUIT GROWING. 

Missouri lies in that belt of country extending from Maryland 
to Kansas, known as the fruit-growing region of the Unitod States. 



51 

North of this line fruits are often stricken by frost, and south of 
it are an uncertain crop at best. Apples, peaches, pears, cherries 
and plums come to bearing much earlier here than in more north- 
ern or eastern States. The soil, the seasons, and the climate of 
Missouri are especially adapted to fruit-growing. This State will 
undoubtedly become a great grape-gx-owing region. Our wines 
have recently been spoken of in England with admiration. Sin- 
gle acres of our vineyards have, of late years, netted the owners from 
§500 to $1,000 each. 

WHAT CUE PRAIRIE LANDS CAN DO. 

Prairie, broken in time and sown in the fall with wheat, is 
deemed sure for a crop which will pay for ploughing, fencing, and 
the cost of the land the first year. This can be attested to by 
practical farmers who have done it. Look at it ! 

Suppose you pay for forty acres ^320, and call the fencing $320, 
and the cost of labor $200, and allow $60 more for extras — the 
land, the fencing, the sowing, the ploughing and the labor cost then 
$900, and these estimates are large. JSTow suppose you get 
twenty bushels of wheat to the acre, a product of 800 bushels ; 
suppose you realize only $1.50 per bushel — and while writing this 
article -wheat is seUing for $2.50 per bushel, a poorer article for 
$2.00. At $1.50 per bushel your 800 bushels produce you $1,200 
— $300 more than the cost of land, fencing and labor. That land 
will not only pay for itself the first year by its crops, but will in- 
crease in cash value annually for years to come ! 

WHAT MISSOURI NEEDS. 

A great tide wave of emigration is flowing in this direction. 
Trains of emigrants are moving into Missouri. It is confidently 
expected that 100,000, within the next twelve months, will find 
new homes in this war-wasted but beautiful State. Missouri needs 
fi'ee -labor and intelligence to rebuild its waste places and turn its 
virgin soil. We could provide labor and lands for half a million 
emigrants in this splendid northern section of the State. Missouri 
has wheeled into line, and linked her fortunes with the great ideas 
and spirit of the age. Now the State that was once avoided by 
free emigration — which once repelled emigration from the North 
with undisguised jealousy, and the audacity of plantation man- 
ners, welcomes and officially invites the people of other States and 
of Europe to come. 

At the close of the war, emigration was all ready to pour into 
the South ; but it was repulsed by the difficulties of reconstruction, 
and the uncertain temper of the Southern States, and the almost 
necessary friction of a change of labor from the servile system to 
that of freedom. But Missouri, true to her destiny, swept even 
the shadow of the dark curse of slavery away, and did it nobly 
because voluntarily. Noav its fertile prairies and valuable miner- 
als must attract the free men of the North to settle Missouri with 
free homes, free churches and free schools on a free soil. 



52 

Let eastern people recall the fertile valleys of their own States. 
Think how rich they are and teeming with wealth and population. 
Then remember that much of that wealthy and those peo2)le; with 
their fine farms and cities, and all the arts of civilization and sci- 
ence, are the fruits of the last half century. Then let them con- 
sider this great region of Missouri, and think what it will be in a 
few years when these lands receive the culture of freemen — how 
they will grow in value, and towns and cities stand where to this 
hour the soil has been untouched by the plow. They will be 
netted all over with a system of railways. Churches, schools and 
manufactures shall flourish here. The capacity of sustaining a 
great population cheaply, will bring the Irish and the English, the 
peaceful, prudent and vine-growing German, as well as the popu- 
lation inhabiting the Atlantic slopes. With all the possibilities oi 
agricultural production of l^orth Missouri, and the mineral re- 
sources of southern Missouri, with a great population flowing into 
her borders, she will win the highest prizes falling to the most fii- 
vored States. Missouri needs no element but men to make an 
empire. 



MISSOURI AND MICHIGAN. 

[From the Pittsburg Daily Commercial.] 

If Ave were called upon to pronounce as to which of these great 
vStates possesses the largest deposits of iron ore now accessible, 
and easily to be made accessible, by railroads, we might find the 
decision difiicult. Either of them contain enough to supply the 
whole country for ages. Missouri has the greater variety of ores, 
and the one or two kinds already reached by the Iron Mountain 
railroad, are more accessible to Pittsburg and southern Ohio than 
are the ores of Michigan. The latter reach water transportation 
at Marquette, b}' twenty miles or upwards of rail, coming thence 
by lake to Cleveland, and thence, one hundred and fifty miles by 
rail to Pittsburg. The Missouri Iron Mountain ores reach the 
Mississippi river with but sixty miles of rail transportation, and 
thence have water transportation to Pittsburg. In the former 
route there are two transshipments necessary ; in the latter but 
one, and that only from cars to boats, which is the least expensive 
transfer possible. The Missouri mines have the advantage of an 
agreeable and mild climate, and a situation in and near the cheap 
est producing countr}' on the continent. The Michigan mines 
have six months of winter — a country totally unproductive of 
supplies, and hardly two months of navigation to reach more pro- 
ductive regions, or ship the products of the mines. The former 
were the first to be developed, and first had access by rail to water 
communication. The first smelting furnaces erected in Pittsburg 
were designed to use Missouri ore, and with that ore went into 
blast. Natwithstandiug these advantages, w« now find that nearly 



53 

all the iron ore used in Pittsburg comes from Michigan. The Mis- 
souri mines produce, probably, but little, if any more, than they 
did a year or two after the Iron Mountain railroad reached them. 
The extent of their shipment, to this city, in 1866, probably did 
not exceed three thousand tons. The Lake Superior mines, in the 
same 3^ear, produced within a fraction of thi"ee hundx'ed thousand 
tons of ore. They shipped from Marquette, during their four or five 
months of lake navigation, 270,038 tons. Of this quantity, 170,500 
tons were received at Cleveland, to be sent to smelting furnaces 
in eastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania and Pittsburg. Nearly 
60,000 tons were brought over the P. & C. road to this city ; about 
twenty times as much as we receive from the Iron Mountains of 
Missouri. It is proper to say, here, that this 60,000 tons must not 
be taken for the measure of the Pittsburg consumption of iron 
ore. We recive large quantities from Lake Champlain and Canada, 
in addition to our local ores, which latter might well be abandoned 
had we proper access to those of Missouri. 

What is the reason for this wonderful superior development of 
the Michigan mines over those of Missouri, when the advantages 
are, as we have shown, so greatly in favor of the latter ? And 
how shall Missouri gain the supremacy to which her advantages of 
climate and position entitle her ? 

An answer to the first question is suggested by the fact that the 
Iron Mountains of Missouri as yet accessible are monopolized by 
one, or at most two companies; whilst those of Michigan are 
owned and worked by a dozen or more, each full of energy and 
activity in developing the mines they control. As the railroads 
progress to the interior, every year opens new localities. 

The answer to the second question is patent to any one con 
versant with the resources and capabilities of Southeast Missoun 
The Iron Mountain and Pilot Knob are the most northerly of a 
series of outlaying spurs or knobs of the Ozark Mountains. From 
that point southward — and chiefly along the west side of the St. 
Francois river there are numerous similar outcroppings of iron, 
at short inteiwals for the first forty or fifty miles — then at longer 
intervals, the most southerly being an immense deposit or moun- 
tain of ore in Arkansas. The most southerly in Missouri are those 
in Butler county, about forty miles west of the mouth of the Ohio 
river. In quality and name these ores are of great variety. W«» 
have seen pipe ores from near Gi*eenville, to all appearance equal 
to the best found in eastern Pennsylvania — and the richest of 
specular and hematite ores are said to abound in the same region. 
When the Iron Mountain road shall be extended on its way to 
Memphis into Butler county, and connected with the Mississippi 
river, at the mouth of the Ohio, by the Cairo & Fulton road, already 
built as far as Charleston, Pittsburgh will have access to the ores, 
and they will be developed with an enei-gy and success which will 
soon demonstrate the answer we give to the question. If located 
on the route through this region, as originally designed, we predict 



54 

a magnificent future for the Iron Mountain railroad. The tranS' 
portation of iron ores for the furnaces at Pittsburgh and along 
the Ohio from Cincinnati to Pittsburgh — would alone justify its 
construction at a moderate cost, to say nothing of lead and other 
minerals on the route, and the thousands of tons of marble, gran- 
ite, limestone and lumber it will carry to be shipped by the river 
to the Southern cities. It will reach, at the mouth of the Ohio, 
the point of perpetual navigation on the Mississippi, and command 
all the traffic obstructed in its passage north or south, by low Avater 
or ice. At all times its Ohio river terminus will be the point 
whence the south-bound Ohio river steamers will transship or re- 
ceive by its rail, St. Louis, and north and south-bound freights, 
which now they do not receive. By its Memphis connections, it 
will be part of the great through line from the cities of New Or- 
leans, Mobile, Charleston and Savannah to St. Louis and the Pa- 
cific Eailroad. 

Its extension southwestwardly through Arkansas to Little Eock, 
or the same result effected by the Cairo & Fulton road — which 
must be one of its feeders — will draw to St. Louis an immensely 
valuable trade from Arkansas and northern Texas. In short it 
will stand west of the Mississippi the single trunk line through 
which must form the communication between the great net work 
of roads of St. Louis and those of Arkansas and the great lines 
already centered at Memphis. 

Pittsburgh and St, Louis have a common and paramount inter- 
est in the proper construction of a project which is capable of de- 
veloi^ing so grandly the iron mines of Missouri. The latter city 
has a double* stake in the business, for in no other way can she 
regain her southwestern trade, or share in its increase. In no 
other way can she turn to herself, by an almost air line to New 
Orleans, the current of travel from the Southern cities, or coun- 
teract the Chicago tendencies of the Illinois Central Eailroad, and 
the Louisville and Cincinnati biddings of the Memphis and Louis- 
ville Eailroad. We trust that the people of St. Louis will see to 
it, that the capabilities of the Iron Mountain Eailroad, in the im- 
portant particulars we have indicated, shall not be distroyed m 
marred by any diversion of the route to the Mississippi at points 
north of the mouth of the Ohio. 



• MISSOURI. 

[From the Turf, Field and Farm, New York.] 

Missouri suffered terribly by the war, but as the fire of the cru- 
cible purifies and renders stronger, so it is to be hoped the oi'deal 
through which the State has passed will render more perfect and 
vigorous its growth. A State of 48,000,000 acres of land, 35,000,- 
000 of which are valuable for purposes of agriculture or mining, 
in these days of industry and intelligence, is bound to attract at- 



55 

tention soonei' or later. It possesses the elements of greatness, 
and its career is as fixed as destiny — as unalterable as the laws 
which govern the ocean tides ; and the career is a glorious one — 
a steady, irresistible max'ch to power. The vast territory of Mis- 
souri — fertile as the valley of the Nile, and inexhaustible in min- 
eral wealth; undulating prairies, grand foi'ests and salubrious 
climate — is a sovereign power within itself, and well may we ex- 
cuse the enthusiasm of those Avho dream of it as the future empire 
of the West, Located in the great valley of the Mississippi — 
washed by the magnificent river, and receiving new vigor from 
the strong arteries of the railroads extending to the Atlantic, the 
Lakes, the Gulf — and soon to hold communion with the Pacific — 
it has a prospect of becoming, not only the central power of the 
basin, but the grand center of the vast domain over which proudly 
floats the flag of the Union — the stars and stripes. New York, 
with reason, may object to the latter part of the prophecy, and it 
may be claimed for Ohio that when the destiny of the Buckeye State 
is fulfilled we will recognize it as the center from which radiates 
the light of intelligence, and commercial and agricultural pi-ogress ; 
still, we cannot close our eyes to the fact that Missouri possesses 
the natural advantages which lead to grand results. The mineral 
as well as agricultural wealth of the State is illimitable. Immi- 
gration to it alike repays the farmer and the miner. The climate 
is that golden mean "which permits the widest range of products 
and the full exercise of physical powers." Of the 35,000,000 acres 
of arable land 2,000,000 are the alluvial margins of rivers, and 20,- 
000,000 high rolling prairie. As evidence of the fruitfulness of 
the soil, we are told by Sylvester Waterhouse, in his admirable 
report on " The Eesources of Missouri," that sweet potatoes have 
been raised in the State that weighed ten pounds apiece ; apples 
and pears have been exhibited at the agricultural fairs measuring 
respectively six and eight inches in diameter ; melons and pump- 
kins have been produced weighing from forty to one hundred 
pounds each ; corn grows sixteen feet high and sorghum twenty 
feet; and in good seasons four tons of hay are cut to the acre. 
Hemp and tobacco are two of the main staples of Missouri; cot- 
ton is profitably cultivated in the southern portions of the State ; 
and almost anywhere within the boundaries fruit trees and vines 
that yield the luscious grape, grow rapidly and yield largely. 
Fruit culture is said to be one of the most lucrative branches of 
husbandly in Missouri. The trees mature five years earlier than 
in New England, and two thousand bushels of peaches are often 
gathered from a single acre. We quote from the report : " Unless 
the prophecies of scientific men are false, and the obvious inten- 
tions of nature are thwarted, Missouri is destined to be the vine- 
yard of America." There has been no elaborate investigation since 
the geological survey of Professor Swallow. But the familiarity 
of the facts which his researches developed does not develop their 
fruitfulness. It is estimated that there are in southern Missouri 
15,000,000 acres adapted to the culture of the grape. This land 



56 

is situated 1,000 or 1,500 feet above the level of the ocean. Na- 
ture has, in many localities, moulded the surface into terraces as 
if on pvrpose to facilitate the labors of the vine-dresser. The 
composition of the soil is remarkably like that of the celebrated 
vine lands of Germany and France. 

Chemical analysis shows that the soil abounds in lime, soda, 
potash, magnesia and phosphoric acid ; and these are the principal 
elements which enter into the structure of the vine. The soil is 
dry and light, the air equable and apparently vaporless, the water 
abundant and pure. These are the identical conditions under 
which the luscious vintages of the Old World attain their 
perfection. While the dream of Missouri becoming the vineyard 
of North America may never be realized, since grape culture may 
be pursued to equal advantage in other States, it must be admitted 
that the prophecy is not without reason. It is supported by both 
soil and climate. But favorable as the soil and climate may be for 
horticulture, agriculture claims a broader support, is better adapted 
to our general tastes, and we apprehend that, in the future, as in 
the past and present, grape culture will be neglected for the more 
solid branches of industry, fostered by a proper appreciation of 
the richness of the soil. We take too much interest in mining, 
manufactures, stock-raising, and wheat, tobacco, hemp and corn 
growing, to neglect these for the uncertain results of a vineyard. 

The herbage is rich, and no better grazing lands, except perhaps 
the Blue Grass region of Kentucky, can be found than in Missouri. 
The verdure of the alluvial lowlands and loamy uplands is luxu- 
riant, and stock of all kinds rapidly matures and fattens upon it. 
The hilly region in the southern portion of the State is admirably 
adapted to sheep-raising. The soil and climate, in the language 
of the report, '' are favorable to every staple of the temperate 
zone. In eveiy direction there are unopened avenues leading to 
wealth." St. Louis, the groat metropolis and market of Missouri, 
is easily accessible by river or railroad ; but whether the city is 
" ordained by the decrees of physical nature to become the me- 
tropolis of this continent," is a question for argument. Unques- 
tionably geography has done much for it ; but Cincinnati and Chi- 
cago, not to mention other cities, will not readily admit that time 
will make it " the half-way station between two oceans, and the 
groat central emporium of the continent." Cincinnatians argue 
that natui'e has done equally as much for the Queen City, wliile 
Chicagoians scoff at any idea which does not point to the future 
commercial supremacy of the " City on the Lake." The destiny 
of St. Louis, like the destiny of Missouri, undoubtedly is a mag- 
nificent one, and immigrants will find it to their advantage to se- 
cure, while lands are cheap, homos in the State that possesses all 
tho elements of glorious empire. 



67 



KANSAS. 

This State was opened to settlement May 30, 1854, and admitted 
as a State January 29, 1861. It is 207 miles wide, north and 
south ; about 400 long, east and west, and contains 80,000 square 
miles, or 50,000,000 acres. Population, in January, 1868, (esti- 
mated), 300,000. 

From Gov. Crawford's excellent message, delivered in Janua- 
ry, 1867, we extract the following, portraying the condition of 
aifairs in this new and vigorous State : 

"Our fields have yielded a most bountiful harvest. Every 
branch of industry has been prosecuted with success. Our me- 
chanics and laborers have received remunerative wages. The 
employer has been compelled to seek the laborer, and not the la- 
borer to seek the employer. Caj)ital invested in every depart- 
ment of business has yielded most satisfactory returns. During 
the yeai', many of our cities and towns have almost doubled their 
population and wealth, and if a sufficiency of dwellings could have 
been obtained, the results would have been still more encouraging. 
The State has been rapidly settling up with a class of intelligent, 
industrious and enterprising farmers. Our population has in- 
creased about forty thousand, and about forty per cent, has been 
added to our material wealth ; and a general, feeling seems to pre- 
vail among all classes who have immigrated to Kansas, that they 
have substantially bettered their condition. Our cities and towns 
have attained a numerical strength, and a degree of wealth, with- 
in a few years, which required from a quarter to a half a century 
in the older States. The rapid strides which we have already 
made, from helpless infancy towards vigorous manhood, only show 
what, with our vast resources, we are capable of accomplishing. 
Our agricultural, mineral and pasturage resources, are only be- 
ginning to be comprehended and developed." 

THE SOIL 

Of Kansas, consisting of an argillaceous or clay basis, is so tem- 
pered by an admixture of silicious and calcareous sand, as to make 
it light and porous, yet not sufficiently so to impair its capacity 
for retaining a due amount of moisture. It is not only adapted 
to largo yields of every farming product requiring a light, rich, 
warm soil, but is better adapted to withstand the effects of dry 
seasons than clay soils, which, during a protracted drouth, bake to 
a strong hardness, and kill vegetation ; whereas, the light pulve- 
rulent soil of Kansas permits the vegetation to strike root deeper 
into the ground, and imbibe moisture through the increased facil- 
ities of capillary attraction. The river bottoms are usually broad 
a:ud level, but well drained. The alluvial formation varies from 



five to fifty feet. The liumus, or vegetable mould, of the high 
prairies is from one to three feet in depth. It is the usual devel- 
opment of the prairie features of the West — the same fine, black, 
rich loam, which has become noted as the most fertile land in the 
world. According to the U. S. Agricultural Eeport of 1865, Kan- 
sas was the fourth of the Western States in the production of 
wheat to the acre. In 1863, it stood with Missouri, at the head 
of the list ; and in 1862 and 1864, it ranked entirely at the top of 
the list. 

In 1864, the yield per acre was as follows : corn, 25 bushels ; 
wheat, 15; rye, 17; oats, 29; barley, 23; buckwheat, 15; pota- 
toes, 43; tobacco, 675 pounds; hay, 1 3-8 tons. This yield shows 
the character of the soil better than any other description. 

KANSAS AS A WHEAT GROWING STATE. 

The Atchison Free Press says, "the Eeport of the agricultural 
Department at Washington, for the month of April, 1867, shows 
that the average yield of wheat per acre in Missouri, in 1866, was 
17.5 bushels. In Illinois it was 13 bushels; in Indiana 5.9 bush- 
els; in Ohio 4. 5 bushels; in Michigan 13.8; Wisconsin, 15.5; Iowa, 
16; Kansas, 21.04; and in Nebraska 25 bushels per acre. From 
this statement it appears that Kansas has a better average than 
any other of the wheat-producing States of the great West, except 
Nebraska. And the statement of a fact which is easily demon- 
strated, will show that the average for Kansas is better than that 
of Nebraska ; at least the future will show it to be better, or else 
we are much mistaken. 

The best wheat producing portion of Nebraska lies south of the 
Platte river; and the best wheat growing portion of Kansas lies 
north of the Kansas river. But little wheat was sown north of 
the Platte river last year, and for this reason the average for Ne- 
braska is made up from her best wheat lands alone. The crop in 
Kansas north of the Kansas river would have averaged nearly 34 
bushels to the acre — this was on her best wheat land alone -^ but 
there was a large breadth of land in southern Kansas sown to 
wheat, where the land is not so good for wheat, and when all this 
was taken into the account, the average pel' acre was reduced to 
21.4 bushels. Fi'om these facts we feel sure that there is no better 
wheat-growing land in the States than that of northern Kansas. '* 

A correspondent of the Atchison Free Press, writing from Mar- 
shall county, furnishes, among other items, the following ; 



CROPS. 

Anthony Sharp threshed 85 bushels of oats off of one acre of 
ground (upland) two years ago. W. P. Madden raised 40 
bushels of wheat to the acre the same year. Michael Murray 
raised 80 bushels of corn to the acre last season, on bottom 
land. Of course these are exceptions, the general average 
being about the same as the balance of northern Kansas and south- 
em Nebraska. 

At Lawrence we saw some stalks of wheat just taken from a 
field of 120 acres near the city, on the high prairie land. These 
stalks measured five feet five and a half inches — the heads long 
and well filled, taken from the field on the second day of June. 
Practical farmers estimate that this field will average thirty bush- 
els per acre. In a trip of nearly 700 miles west from St. Louis, 
in June, the best fields of wheat, rye, oats, corn and potatoes, in 
sight of the railroad, the entire distance, were in the Kaw (or 
Kansas) river valley. 

"WILD FRUITS, 

Such as strawberries, plums, gooseberries and grapes, are very 
abundant, especially grapes. " Last season the writer purchased 
over one hundred gallons of wine made from the wild grapes in 
this vicinity. After being properly racked and fined, it is of a 
beautiful dark amber color, very palatable with a little sugar, and 
about twice the strength of the best port wine (to be found in 
Kansas.) Walnuts, hickory nuts and hazle nuts are also very 
plentiful. Last season the writer purchased over twenty-five 
bushels of the latter at $1.50 a bushel. Hundreds of bushels of 
them were left ungathered, and the hogs that were left to shift for 
themselves, became fattened on them during the winter." 

STONE. 

Building stone is abundant throughout the State, embracing a 
great variety. We have seen specimens of beautiful dark marble, 
susceptible of a fine polish, and easily worked, free from breaks 
or seams. At several points along the Pacific Eailroad are already 
opened extensive quarries of beautiful cream-colored magnesian 
limestone. At Junction City, Manhattan and some other points, 
extensive saw-mills are in operation, where the magnesian lime- 
stone is sawed into square blocks for building purposes by circular 
gang-saws, then planed by machinery and shipped to Topeka for 
the State House, and to other points for business blocks. In other 
portions of the State a beautiful variety of gray slate, almost aa 



60 

fine as marble, is abundant. It is quarried in slabs from half an 
inch to three inches in thicknesS; and large enough for table-tops, 
counters, etc It is not easily broken, even and smooth, and when 
first taken from the quarry, can be as easily dressed with a piano 
as hard wood. One valuable peculiarit}^ about nearly all the stone 
in Kansas, is that it is very easily worked, and hardens by expo- 
Bure to the atmosphere. From Eock Spring west for some dis- 
tance, the bluffs are capped with a thick strata of red sandstone, 
easily obtained, and valuable for buildings or stone fences. We 
noticed several farms enclosed by neat stone walls where timhei 
was scarce, at various points along the road. 

TIMBER. 

The State is not heavily timbered, naturally, and the supply is 
generally confined to the margins of water-courses. Inasmuch 
as coal of the best quality underlies the greater portion of the 
State, supplying all the requirements for fuel, and that as prairie 
fires become less frequent, the timber increases rapidly year by 
year; it is believed that for the useful purposes of life the State 
will not suffer from a deficiency. 

The Atchison Free Press says, " we frequently hear the scarcity 
of timber in Kansas presented as the prominent, and in fact the 
only objection to the country, by persons prospecting the State 
with a view of future location. The soil, the climate, the water, 
the stone, and all other natural advantages cannot fail, and do not 
fail to please. But the scarcity of timber, particularly to those 
who hail from well-timbered countries, is presented as a very de- 
cided objection, and frequently deters the party from purchasing 
lands and removing his family to our State. 

For the benefit of those who have not considered the subject 
beyond the simple fact that timber, in many localities, is scarce, 
we propose to discuss the matter more fully. The uses for which 
the farmer needs timber are for building, fencing and fuel. 

For building the walls of our houses and for fencing, we have, 
as a substitute for timber, the best quality of stone in abundance, 
on almost every quarter section in the State, which if properly 
laid up, makes a most excellent and in the end a much cheaper 
feiice than could be made and kept in repair, even in a timbered 
country. In addition to this, the Osage orange grows most thrift- 
ily in Kansas, and any farmer, by the expenditure of a few dollars 
for seed, and a very few days of labor, can have, in three years, 
a fence, in all respects, very gi*eatly superior to any rail or board 
fence that can bo made. 

This, then, reduces the demand for timber to the simple article 
of fuel in localities where coal cannot be had at reasonable rates. 
Let us now see how much disadvantage results from this. There 
are but few localities in the State where fuel will cost more than 



61 

$5 per cord, and almost everywhere it can be had at much less. 
About twelve cords of wood will abundantly supply any farmer's 
family for one year, which at the highest price Av-ill cost, say sixty 
dollars, a sum about equal in value to the crop of corn that can 
be grown on two acres of land. Now, we would ask any practi- 
cal farmer if he would not as soon plant and cultivate two acres 
of land in corn, as to chop and haul twelve cords of wood ? We 
think the difference in the expenditure of time and labor would 
be slight, or if anything, it would be in favor of growing the com. 
But this is not all ; in this or any other prairie country, it is diffi- 
cult to find a quarter section supplied with timber, even to a very 
limited extent, that has not on it also many acres of rocky, rough 
and uncultivated lands, the use of which, for general agricuJtura' 
purposes, is lost to the owner. Hence, our preference is very de- 
cidedly in favor of the smooth prairie farm over the rough and 
sparsely timbered quarter. 

But it may be objected that the short supply of fuel is every 
year growing shorter, and that in a few years its market value 
may be greatly increased. This may, to some extent be true ; but 
we have a cheap remedy for this contingency clearly within the 
reach of every farmer in the State. We were shown, a few days 
ago, a number of Cottonwood trees, grooving on a farm adjoining 
the west line of the city, that had been planted but nine 3'eari5. 
These trees, it is safe to sa}', would now average each, for any 
ordinary fai'm house, abundance of fuel for at least one week. 
These trees were planted ten feet apart, and at that distance 43c 
of them would grow on one acre, and furnish, at nine years old, a 
present supply of fuel for more than eight years. Add to this 
the growth of the trees during the time the grove was being cut 
over, and the fact that the sprouts from the stumps, thinned out, 
so as to produce the largest growth, would furnish more fuel in 
rive years than they had produced in the previous nine, and the 
fact that a plantation of no more than one acre would furnish any 
farm of 160 acres with abundance of fuel for all time to come, is 
clear. 

If any one doubts the capacity of one acre to furnish the requi- 
site supply, let him plant two, three or four acres, as the expense 
of time and labor is a matter of very small moment. These 
groves, too, can be located near the residence of the farmer, and 
will be ornamental as well as useful, and furnish at the same time, 
an excellent harbor for birds, and a shelter for stock, etc. 

If any one objects to Cottonwood for fuel, let him plant soft ma- 
ple, which will grow alm&st as rapidly, and produce, in a given 
time, perhaps, an equal supply of fuel. In the vicinity of large 
towns, such as Lawrence, Leavenworth, Topeka, etc., a farmer 
could not, perhaps, appropriate ten or twenty acres of land, to a 
more profitable use than in growing timber, to say nothing of the 
embellishment of his lands, and the propagation of birds, the 
great friends of the farmer." 



62 

We are glad to notice that the idea of plauting groves and cul- 
tivating timber is receiving attention not only from the citizens, 
but a premium is offered by the Legislature to stimulate the cul- 
tivation of forest trees. 

By an act of the Legislature, approved February 16, 1866, 
" any person planting one acre or more of prairie land, within 
ten years after the passage of this act, with any kind of fruit 
trees, and successfully growing and cultivating the same for three 
years ; and every person planting, protecting and cultivating for 
three j^ears, one-half mile or more of forest trees along any public 
highway, said trees to be planted so as to stand at the end of 
three years not more than one rod apart, shall be entitled to and 
i-eceive for twenty-five years, commencing three years after said 
grove or line of trees has been planted, an annual bounty of two 
dollars per acre for each acre so planted, and two dollars for one- 
half mile for each mile so planted, to be paid out of the county 
treasury of the county in which said grove or line of trees may 
be situated." 

The writer of the article on American Forests, in the U. S. Ag- 
ricultural Eeport (1866,) alluding to this pension for planting trees 
says, " this is the greatest step towards the production of Ameri- 
can forests ever taken in this country, and one which places the 
entire nation under a debt of gratitude to the State and its Legis- 
lature." 

The following list embraces the principal trees and shrubs of 
the State: Black-jack, white, red, burr, black and water oaks; 
American and red or slippery elms ; black and white walnuts ; 
Cottonwood, box-elder, hackberry, honey-locust, willow; shell-bark, 
pignut, and pecan-nut hickories ; sycamore, white-ash, sugar-maple, 
red mulberry, linden, crab-apple, wild-cherry, coffee-tree. 

SALT. 

The great supply of salt lies at various points in a tract of 
country about thirty-five miles wide and eighty long, ci-ossing the 
Eepublican, Solomon and Saline valleys. The signs of the deposit 
are seen in numerous springs, but more fi-equently in extensive 
salt marshes. 

A veiy large deposit of crystalized salt exists south of the great 
bend of the Arkansas river, in which it lies in beds from six to 
twenty-eight inches in depth. In one instance two government 
wagons were filled in a few minutes, without being moved. The 
salt is so compact as to require a hatchet to cut it. These depos- 



I 



63 

its are undoubtedly caused by the drying up of salt ponds or salt 
branches of the Cimmaron river. But this is situated so far from 
the settled portions of the State, or any regular route of trans- 
portation, that at present it is of no practical value. Saline county, 
as its name indicates, abounds in saline springs, some of which 
are being developed. At Solomon, 171 miles beyond the State 
line, extensive salt works have been established — manufacturing 
by solar evaporation — very successfully. In boring for water, 
when 60 feet down, a vein of salt water was reached which pro- 
duced brine ^'strong enough to cure beef or pork." An Ohio 
company contemplate establishing extensive salt works here. 

[In the next number of The Quarterly we may publish some 
" notes of an official excursion from Fort Osage to the Konsees 
Pawnees, Osages — the Grand Saline and Eock Saline, in May, 
June and July, 1811, by G. C. Sibley, agent of Indian affairs," in 
which a minute discription of these wonderful Saline deposits ar© 
fully described.] 

STOCK RAISING. 

There is no doubt whatever, that Kansas has not an equal among 
her sister States for stock-raising j in which is included sheep, 
horned cattle, horses and mules. The prairies will afford for years 
to come, millions of acres of the richest pasturage of the world. 
The winters being so short and generally mild, little or no hay is 
necessary for their sustenance. The grass, though dry, is full of 
nourishment. In fine, this branch of industry, particularly that 
of wool-growing, is soon to become one of the great leading in- 
terests of Kansas. 

At Abeline, 1G2 miles west of the State line, the " Great West- 
ern Stock-yards " have been established, and immense droves of 
Texas cattle ai'e received here, cared for by herdsmen, and after 
feeding a few weeks on the rich, nutritious prairie grass are shipped 
by cars to St. Louis, Chicago and New York. Messrs. McCoy & 
Co., of Illinois, have invested largely in establishing these Stock- 
yards on an extensive scale, and are still increasing their facilities 
to keep pace with their rapidly increasing business. Union Stock- 
yards at St. Louis are greatly needed, as a half-way point Avhere 
the cattle could be fed, watered, and many of them reshipped to 
various points. As it now is, the transportation of cattle is a 
tedious and expensive business, and whether St. Louis or Chicago 
shall control this trade, depends upon the facilities offered by 
each. 



^4 

Those who invest in stock-raising in Kansas, with the best 
breeds of stock — horses, cattle, mules or sheep — have a fortune in 
the near future. 

CLIMATE. 

The following is from Appleton's Hand-book of Travel : 
"The climate in Kansas is exceedingly lovel}-. With a clear, 
dry atmosphere, and gentle health-giving breezes, it cannot be 
otherwise. The peculiar clearness of the atmo8j)herc cannot be 
imagined by a non-resident. For miles here a person can clearly 
distinguish objects, which at the same distance in any other part 
of the countiy he could not see at all. The summers are long 
and winters short. 

'' The winters are usually very mild and open, vnth little snow 
— none falling in the night, save what the morrow's sun will 
quickly cause to disappear. So mild are they, that the cattle of 
the Indians, as those of the settlers in Western Missouri, feed the 
entire year in the prairies and river bottoms. The Indians say 
that once in about seven years, Kansas sees a cold and sev^er-o 
winter, with snows of a foot in depth. Two weeks of cold 
weather is called a severe winter. Then the spring-like Aveather 
comes in February ; the earth begins to grow warm, and her fer- 
tile bosom ready to receive the care of the husbandman." 

From the tables of temperature prepared by Dr. Sinks, for tho 
Geological Keport, it appears that Kansas is liable to great and 
sudden vicissitudes of heat and cold, owing, in a great degree to 
the winds, which in consequence of the potent influence upon 
temperature exercised by the great Western Mountain chains, are 
liable to great variations in short spaces of time. The warm, 
southwest wind, with its softening influences, may quickly ' veer 
round to the northwest, and come down in chilling blasts. There 
being no elevated objects to interpose and break the force of the 
winds, Kansas experiences them in all force. Thus it is, that du- 
ring the winter months, in a period of 24 hours, perhaps, the 
seasons are run into each other ; the change being made from the 
warmth of a spring day to the biting cold of mid- winter. 

EDUCATION. 

No State has a better school system than Kansas. Jivcry 16th 
and 36th section of land in every township — amounting to about 
three millions of acres — is set apart for an educational fund. 
Besides the public schools, (in 1,172 oi'ganized districts, with 39,- 
429 children enrolled in schools,) there are of other educational 
institutions, the State University, at Lawrence, with an endow- 
ment of 46,080 acres of land ; the State Agricultural College, at 




I ' '!;hl'lg|ljtllf iffSlflli'f jl 



65 

Manhattan, 90,000 acres ; State Normol School, at Emporia, 37,- 
760 acres. The Methodists have Baker University, Baldwin City; 
Hartford Institute, Hartfoi'd. The Presbyterians have Highland 
University, Geneva and Mapleton acadamies ; Wetmore Institute, 
Irving ; Freedmen's University, Quindaro. The United Brethren 
have Lane University, Lecomptou. The Christian Church have 
the Western Chi'istian University, Ottumwa. The Baptists an 
University at Ottawa; the Congregationalists, Lincoln College, 
Topeka; the Episcopalians the Topeka Female Seminary; and 
the Catholics have institutions at Leavenworth, Atchison, Topeka, 
St. Marj^s, Osage Mission, and other places, 

COAL. 

Prof. Swallow, in his Geological Eeport (1866), estimates the 
•coal-bearing rocks of Kansas as 2,000 feet thick, and underlying 
an area of over 1 7,000 square miles, with an average thickness of 
12 or 15 feet of good coal. He argues that, even if the strata is 
but six feet thick, and underlies the whole coal field, it would yield 
6,000,000 tons per each square mile, and, at this rate, the yield of 
the whole coal field \voitld be 102,000,000,000 tons — enough to 
supply all possible demands for many generations to come. 

" Coal beds crop out in Brown, Atchison, Doniphan, Leaven- 
worth, Miami, Linn, Bourbon, Allen, Cherokee, Neosho, Woodson, 
Greenwood, Coffey, Franklin, Osage, Douglas, Shawnee, Wabaun- 
see, Jackson, Nemaha, and perhaps other couties." 

" The quality of a large part of the Kansas coals is good. Some 
of the most important beds are very free from sulphur and other 
impurities. They cake and coke well, and will be valuable for gas 
and manutacturing purposes." 

The quantities of Gypsum in Kansas is reported to be " so great 
that they will easily supply the demand of the Mississippi Valley 
for many generations." 

Extensive beds of superior marbles have been found in several 
counties. 

The State Geologist says : " So far as we have examined the area 
of Kansas, the prospects are not flattering that it will ever be- 
come a mining State." Missouri, the next-door neighbor, can 
supply all the wants of Kansas, in the line of minerals. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

There were, in January last, fifty weekly, ten daily, four Ger- 
man, two of them daily; three monthlies — the Educational Jour- 
nal, Medical Herald and Kansas Farmer — the latter are ablv 



66 

conducted, valuable papers for all intending to settle in Kansas. 

RAILROADS. 

No State in the Union has ever before, in the same length ol 
time, made so rapid progress in the construction of railroads as 
has Kansas during the past three years. In January, 1865, thoro 
were but forty miles of road completed in the State, and now 
there are about 600 miles in successful operation, v/ith an addi- 
tional 100 miles graded and almost ready for the iron. These 
may be named in brief, as follows : Union Pacific, E. D., 406 
miles from Missouri river ; Leavenworth to Jjawrence, 33 miles ; 
Missouri River Eailroad, Leavenworth to Wyandotte, 25 miles; 
Lawrence to Ottowa, (L. L. & G. Railroad) 25 miles; Union Pa- 
cific Railroad fi*on;i Atchison 100 miles, and others progressing too 
rapidly to get correct notes of. 

The Union Pacific Railway, Eastern Division, (why not name 
it "The Continental Railway i"') will be completed to Sheridan, 
thirteen miles east of Fort Wallace, by the Ist of August. 

In Kansas the railroads are the pioneers of civilization. Along 
the western portion of the Union Pacific Railway, it is no uncom- 
mon occurrence for passengers to shoot a buffalo or antelope fronx 
the cars. When Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Kentucky were first 
settled, the pioneers brought their axe and rifle to subdue the for- 
est, and " clear a patch " for a small beginning. Now those who 
wish to open a farm in the west, can travel by railroad hundreds 
of miles through as fertile land as there is in the world, ready for 
the plow — no serious obstacles to overcome, good, enterprising 
citizens for neighbors — have a choice of land, either near to, or 
remote from railway as he prefers, at from 31.50 to ^5.00 per acre, 
and every possible inducement he could ask, to encourage him to 
locate. 

SUMMING UP. 

The Kansas Farmer for January, blows the following blast for 
its proud State : 

" Climate unsurpassed. No swamps nor marshes; air rarified 
and dry — good for diseased lungs; average winter, only three 
months ; up to this, 8th January, but one inch snow, lasting one 
day. 

Crops of all kinds abundant. Patent Office Report gives us the 
highest yield of wheat of any State. 

Fi'uits unsurpassed ; apples, peaches, grapes especially, thrifty. 
Stook-growing especially profitable; range and prairie hay in. 



67 

abundance; water plenty ever^^where, at depth of 25 to 50 
feet. Timber iu sufficient quantity. Coal in all parts — ranging 
from six to twenty-five cents per bushel. Building stone con- 
venient to every quarter section of land. Population of State 
250,000 to 300,000 — largest cities: Leavenworth 30,000; Law- 
rence and Atchison about 10,000 each; Topeka 6,000." 

KANSAS WANTS, 

1. And more than any other class, Practical Farmers, to occupy 
and cultivate the millions of acres now waiting their coming. At 
an average distance of eight to ten miles apart, along the Union 
Pacific Eailway, are now thrifty towns, well supplied with what 
they term " business houses" — namely: dry-goods and grocery 
stores, eating houses, and saloons. At almost any of these towiis 
they need carpenters, brick-makers, blacksmiths, and at several, 
wagon makers and furniture factories. This year, for the first 
time, Kansas will probably produce her own bread-stuffs, and her 
own meats, without importation from other points. 

2. Nurserymen can here find a field for successful operation on 
the grandest scale. Along the Kaw valley, (which is the richest 
ti'act of land in the State, probably,) the bluffs on either side pre- 
sent desirable locations for vineyards and orchards, which should 
be improved without unnecessary delay. The soil, the climate 
and the reports from all who have thus far planted orchards are 
highly favorable — proving that this will ultimately become 
one of the best fruit-growing regions on the continent — unless 
some portions of Missouri be excepted. The demand will be un- 

• limited for nursery stock, for years to come. 

3. Mechanics of all classes are needed almost everywhere. All 
we have stated in a previous article " who should emigrate west" 
will apply to Kansas. Working men are wanted. There are 
enough and to spare in nearly all the western toAvns, of those who 
are trying to live by trading. We need no more who aim to " live 
by their wits." Energetic business men, farmers, stock growers,. 
and working men are more than welcome in any part of the West. 

^^ Having recently passed through the State, and made careful 
observations of the wants of various points, the Editor of the 
Quarterly will be glad to furnish farmers, manufacturers, me- 
chanics or capitalists — or what is still more desirable, co^o/ut'5, 
embracing all the above named classes — with particulars as to de- 
sirable locations. Correspondence and letters of inquiry solicited. 
At some points good land will be donated to the first settlers who 



68 

will open farms. At some good points f(»i- towns, extra in luce- 
ments are offered to those who will first open shops and business 
houses. In writing, parties in the East should state in full, their 
wants, and what they can bring with them in the way of capital, 
experience, machinery or skilled labor. "Delays are dangerous." 
The West is rapidly filling up, and those who apply first have 
the larger number of towns, and the larger farming area to select 
from. If you are in earnest, be prompt, and do not delay in pre- 
paring to make a change for the better ! 

HELP us. 

To those of our readers who live in the densely populated States 
on the sea-board or oast of the Mississippi; to the farmers who 
have to buy fertilizers at high pi-ices in order to recuperate 
their exhausted soils ; to the skilled mechanic who has to rear up 
his little ones in the dreary tenement houses of the great cities ; 
to the man of small means whoso capital is inadequate to start a 
remunerative business in the older States; to all of these classes 
the Advertiser says help us ! Come to Kansas. We need all 3'our 
help, and in helping us, you help yourselves. There is no health- 
ier, no more genial climate than Kansas. We will cite you in 
proof of this an indisputable fact. On the 5th of February, 1868, 
when the fields of Massachusetts were covered with five feet of 
snow, the farmers in Kansas were speeding the plow. They were 
commencing their spring-work, and it would have done you good 
to see it. On the same day carpenters and masons were working 
in shirt sleeves out of doors. 

This country needs farmers, needs mechanics, needs capitalists. 
The old pioneers who lived in the early days of Kansas; who 
built up the State, and who started its march to prosperity need 
your help. There are many vacant places to fill up, and there is 
a fair remuneration for every one who will come here in the ex- 
pectation to work, and who Avill work when he comes here. 

Kansas is an EI Dorado, but it is one only for those who will, 
by their own endeavors, merit success. To those who wish to 
come and look at the country', we say, come, come ! Our prairies 
are green, the martins have come and there is no better time to 
look at the country than in the Spring. — Commercial Advertiser. 

The Brown County Sentinel, says: 

"About six miles northwest of the city of Atchison, on the 
high prairie, stands the famous Cottonwood grove of Kev. L. A. 
Alderson, consisting of about eight thousand cottonwood and 
l)lack-walnut trees, planted in rows fifteen feet apart, and cover- 
ing about eight acres of ground. The trees were planted about 
eight years ago, and have now gx'own to the astonishing size of 
from thirty-three to thirty-five inches in cii'cum fere nee, and up- 
wards of forty-five foot high. We learn from Mr. Alderson, that 
the labor of three boys and one team for two days, was sufficient 
to prepare the gi'outid and plant the tro©s." 



KANSAS ITEMS. 
We clip the following items respecting various Kansas matters, 
from our latest exchanges : 

KANSAS AND STOCK RAISING. 

Mr. F. C. Bulkley, living in Salt Creek Valley, a gentleman 
who has been giving his attention largely to stock-raising, has 
sold all his stock thus far in New York City. Purchasing a thou- 
sand head of indifferent cattle last fall he has since made three 
shipments of fat cattle as follows : 

First lot 75 head averaged 1755 1-2 pounds. 

Second lot 80 do averaged 1441 do 

Third lot 48 do averaged 1513 do 

All the. cattle shipped thus far by Mr, Bulkley have been under 
four years of age. The last shipment was made yesterday. As 
will be seen from the above tables, the average is immense. His 
flattering success should inspire our farmers with confidence in 
stock-raising, and resolves to emulate his example and efforts. A 
little energy, thought and care, may shortly make of Kansas a 
great stock-growing, and hence rich and prosperous State. — Leav- 
enworth Commercial, May 26th. 

The Real Estate Advertiser of Topeka, in speaking of stock- 
raising in Kansas, says : 

" We know a man, a citizen of this count}^, who came to the State 
ten years ago. He had but $75 left on his ai-rival. He selected 
a quarter-section and went to work. As his means were limited, 
he was compelled to " work out at days' work " among his neigh- 
bors for the first two or three years. There being but little money 
in the country at that time, he was compelled to take his pay in 
such things as he could use in his family, and would occasionally, 
when the amount was considerable, take a heifer calf in pay for 

his labor. It came to be a great wonderment what Mr. 

would do with so many calves, and it was a common thing for his 
neighbors to laugh and ridicule his investment. Time has gone 
on, and now, the tables have turned ; he is the lawful owner of 
160 acres of land, has over one hundred head of cattle, and $10,- 
000 ready money, besides bonds, mortgages, etc. Verily, the 
neighbors can noAv laugh out of the other corners of their mouths. 
This is only one of the many instances that might be cited to 
prove our State to be the identical spot for men of limited means." 

The Manhattan Radical, says : 

"Col. J. M. Gove this week shipped one car-load of superior beef 
cattle to the Eastern market. The car was full, though but thir- 
teen steers were in it. Some of the steers weighed over two 
thousand pounds. This stock had been fed with meal for some 
months and was in remarkably good condition for market. This 
is profitable business and should be more generally engaged in. 



70 

It is moro profitable to put corn into beef than to ship it from 
here at anything less than one dollar per bushel." 

The Fort Scott Monitor, says : 

"Two weeks ago we spoke of an Illinois farmer who had an 
oar of corn on which grew 900 grains, and that P. S. Kinney, of 
Anderson county, Kansas, had beaten that by GO grains, having 
one ear on which grew 960. Mr. C. B. Wheeler, of Osborn, Neo- 
sho county, Kansas, writes us that he can beat that by 366 grains, 
having an ear in his possession on which grew 1326 grains. Mr. 
Wheeler says he still has the ear of corn, and any one wishing to 
see it can do so by calling on him at Osborn, in Neosho county, 
Kansas." 

The Humbolt Union says, Col. Irwin, of Ohio, is about to es- 
tablish a nursery near that place. He has proposed to take the 
public square of Humboldt, and stock it with trees, vines and 
shrubs. 

The Atchison Free Press of 3£ay 28th, says : 

"E. C. Barnes, Esq., of this city, informs us that his one-yeai 
old vinej^urd in this county, promises a fine yield of grapes, many 
of his vines having as many as a dozen clusters." 

The Oskaloosa Independent, says : 

'' The crops are now growing with unsurpassed rapidity. We 
never saw corn look better. It everywhere presents a healthy 
aspect, whether small or lai'ge in size, and the stand is excellent. 
It seems as though nearly every grain that was planted has germi- 
nated and produced a stock." 

The Paola Republican, says : 

"Within a circle of 'bree miles of Paola, there have been opened 
up since last Novemba , sixty-three new farms, all fenced in, and 
having comfortable dwellings on them. A great breadth of prai- 
rie land is being broken up, preparatory to sowing fall wheat. 
We presume there will not be less than two hundred thousand 
acres of land sown with wheat." 

The Atchison Free Press, says : 

"We noticed in the office of Major Downs, this morning, some 
specimens of tame grass, cut May 28th, from the farm of F. 
Wyatt, near Netawaka, on the Kickapoo Keserve, which we think 
surpasses any of our neighbor counties and far excels any of our 
Eastern States. Among the vai-ieties Avere the following : Or- 
chard gi'ass (dactylis glomerata,) A feet 6 1-2 inches long; Ken- 
tucky Blue grass {poa pratensis,) 4 feet 2 1-2 inches long; red 
clover (trifoleum pratense,) 2 feet 10 1-2 inches. 

The Kansas Fanner for June, says : 

" From every corner of the State comes up the cheering intel- 
ligence that "immigrants are coming in rapidly." Southern and 



71 

Northern Kansas are alive with men prospecting and families set- 
tling. Western Kansas is not sharing this influx of population, 
but will have its day before long. As a rule, men who come into 
Kansas now are not starved refugees, coming to Kansas because 
too poor to live anywhere else, but they bring liberal minds, de- 
termined wills and money to commence with. More men are 
looking for good improved lands at, (for Kansas,) high prices, than 
for farms to be got for nothing. We rejoice with our friends all 
over the State at this fact, but beg to express a fixed belief that 
our present immigration is but the scattering drops that foretell 
the coming shower. Let the crops of Kansas, this year, redeem 
the promise of tlie pi'esent hour, as they will, and then we shall 
begin to realize the rising flood-tide, that will bring thousands of 
settlers to tens at the present time. We expect to see one hundred 
thousand of the best class of citizens added to the population of 
Kansas in the 3'ear 1869." 

The Miami County Republican, says : 

"Immigration, in great numbers, continue to flow into and 
through our county. A great many new comers have made their 
homes in this county this spring, and still they come. Our county 
is increasing in wealth and population very fast. The whole of 
Southern Kansas is rapidly settling up. Our farmer friends 
throughout the county, tell us that the prospect for an abundant 
crop was never better. The prospect for fruit is very flattering. 
Considerable attention will be given this season to fruit-growing, 
particularly in regard to grapes 

The Baxters Sprijigs Herald, says : 

" A train of nineteen wagons from Marion county, Illinois, each 
containing the family of a hardy immigrant, drove into our city 
on Wednesday last. They will camp in our vicinity for several 
days, and all, doubtless, will remain in our midst. 

The Mayihattan liadical, says : 

" A large amount of immigration is constantly passing through, 
bound farther west, while a goodly portion of good people are 
pitching their .ents among us. The bulk of those who come are 
tkrmers, which ie a favorable symptom. 

The Lawrence Tribune of June 11th, says : 

" A larger number of immigrants passed the city Saturda}^ than 
usual, the greater number of them coming from Iowa and Illinois, 
and bound for Southern Kansas. Among them was one gentle- 
man who has purchased seven hundred and fifty acres of land in 
Lyon county, at a cost of eight thousand dollars, and is now going 
out to improve it." 

The Faola Republican, says : 

« The stages came into Paola loaded with forty-three passengers, 
on Thursday evening, mostly strangers looking for homes in this 
county. The number of strangers that weekly come into thia 



72 

county seeking after future homes, far exceeds that of former 
years." 

It is needless to particulai*ize. The papers from nearly every 
county welcome the incoming tide of immigration, and "still 
there's room " for all who 11 ay come. 

The Pottawatomie Gazette, contains a letter from Jno. Whoerty, 
who raised 75 bushels of sod corn to the acre. He says : 

" My place is in the valley of Rock Creek, about twelve miles 
above Louis\ille. Last spring, about the first of April, just before 
the grass had started, I broke up several acres of prairie with a 
common stiiTing plow and two horses. Letting it lie till about 
the Ist of May, I haiTowed the sod to pieces with a heav}' harrow, 
and plowed the ground again, dropping the corn in the furrows, 
and plowing it in as I went along. Then 1 harrowed the ground 
again thoroughly and let it lie till the corn was about knee high, 
when I went through it once with a shovel plow. That was all 
the cultivation it had. In the fall some of my neighbors remarked 
that my crop of sod corn looked to be heavier than that grown 
on the old ground, therefore I concluded to measure some of it 
and see how it turned out. I measured off two average acres of 
the ground, and measured the corn grown on them as I gathereil 
it, and was a little surprised as well as much pleased to find 1.50 
bushels of corn, or 75 bushels to the acre. I then measured some 
of the old ground, that had been in cultivation three or four years, 
and found it only yielded 66 1-2 bushels to the acre." 

Harvesting. — The Kansas City Journal of June 16th, says: 
The wheat harvest has fairly commenced in this section of coun- 
try, and throughout Southern Kansas, and the yield is everywhere 
reported very large. At Fort Lincoln, on the Fort Scott road, 
some farmers have been through a week. In this portion crops 
are reported remarkably fine. 

Corn. — Mr. A. B. Baker, residing near Clinton, Douglas county, 
has a field of twelve or fifteen acres of coin that was planted on 
the 13th of May, that now averages two feet and a half in height 
over the cntii'e field. The prospects for an immense crop of corn 
were never better in Kansas than they ai'e at this time. In a 
ride of nearly 700 miles due west from St. Louis, in the middle of 
June, the best corn in sigV-'^ -^ '.he Railroad, Avas in Eastern Kansas. 

Stock. — Messi's. McCoy & Brothers shipped from Abilene on 
the 12th of June, thirty-three car-loads, embracing 1,600 head of 
cattle to Eastern markets. Over 5,000 head have already arrived 
at that point, which, from its location, is perhaps the best receiv- 
ing point for stock in the State. 

State F.ur. — The Kansas State Fair Avill be held at Leaven- 
Avorth on the 29th and 30th of September, and the 1st and 2d of 
October. Efforts will be made to make the fair the most exten- 
sive and interesting ever held in that State. 



78 
MISSOURI AS IT WAS IN JUNE, 1868. 



IMMIGRATION, IMPEOVEMENTS AND CROP PROSPECTS. 

The following items, respecting the progress of various portions 
of the State, in improvements and the tide of immigration into the 
several counties, are gleaned from the newspapers to which they 
are credited. As stated in another portion of this work, we ex- 
pect to keep the pi-incipal papers of Missouri and Kansas on file, 
for the FREE use of our patrons, and of strangers visiting the city ; 
and this will probably be the only place in the West where the 
latest information, from every county in the State, can, at all 
times, be available. 

Adair County. — The Kirksville Journal says : " Strangers have 
once more become common on our streets. We may reasonably 
look for large additions to our population dui'ing the coming 
spring and summer. Good, substantial, industrious men will find 
a hearty welcome. There is room for all. Our broad prairies, 
never yet touched by the plow, invite the husbandmen to turn 
them into fertile fields. To men of capital there are many in- 
ducements to come. The lack of capital has been one of our 
greatest drawbacks, and still is. To all, we would assure a hearty 
welcome ; our people are quiet, orderly and intelligent ; our 
churches and schools are fast gaining ground, and we are soon to 
be connected by rail with the rest of the world. Fifteen business 
houses and thirty dwellings erected here last season, and the in- 
crease will be twice as great this year. 

Audrain county is about to build a new court house. 

Barton Co. — The Missourian says, improvements are steadily 
going on in Lamar. New buildings are going up every day. 
Lots aro being fenced in, Avells dug, fruit and forest trees planted, 
and the whole town appears alive with improvement. The county, 
too, is undergoing a change. Farms are being fenced in, some 
with rails, others with hedge ; new houses are springing up, and 
soon, at the present rate, all the land in Barton will be under fence. 

The Barton County Democrat, of May 29th, says, from all quar- 
ters of the county it hears the most encouraging report of the 
crops. Wheat was looking beautifully. 

Buchanan. — The ^i^. Joseph Herald is informed by farmers of 
Buchanan county that the wheat crop never looked finer. They 
were expecting a larger yield of wheat and corn than ever before. 
The Herald says, throughout the city the march of improvement 
is everywhere visible, and the coming season promises to be one 
of unusual activity in building matters. During the last season, 
and indeed every season since the close of the war, a marked 
spirit of improvement has pervaded the community and the city, 



74 

instead of becoming deserted, as was predicted by a few grumblers, 
luiH steadily advanced in prosperity and importance. The people 
all over the city seem to be actuated by a spirit of '' goaheadotive- 
ness," and there appeal's to be no end to the buildings of every 
description under-going process of erection, especially in the 
northern and southern sections. The retail trade, in all its de- 
pai'tments, Avas brisker yesterday than it has been for some time. 
The wholesale houses have all they can attend to. With the ad- 
vent of spring, travel to and through the city has largely increased. 
Our hotels are all crowded. 

Of Railroads, the Herald says: earnest work has commenced 
on the St. Louis and St. Joseph Railroad. The President of that 
corporation advertised for sealed proposals for forty-six thousand 
eight hundred cross- ties. The line is being ran by the Engineers, 
profiles of the work are being drawn, and everything is rapidly 
progi'essing in the right direction. The grading will commence 
immediately, and soon we shall have a construction train running 
from St. Joseph toward Plattsburg and Eichmond. This is what 
we call enterprise. The Omaha Republican learns authoratively, 
that the arrangements have been perfected for the Denver Pacific 
Railroad from Denver to Che3"enne in five months from this time. 
With the Council Bluffs and St. Joseph Railroad completed we 
will then have an unbroken railroad communication to that point. 
The construction of the Missouri Valley Railroad will begin at 
once. There are one hundred and seventy-five miles of road to 
be constructed, and it is believed by professional men that in two 
years' time this important enterprise will be completed, when St. 
.Joseph will be connected with Des Moines. 

The Andrew County Union says, the wheat crop throughout 
Northwest Missouri was looking quite favorable, and farmers were 
looking cheery at the prospect ahead. 

Barry. — The Cassville Banner says, the wheat prospects v/ere 
never better in Barry county than this year, while there is a larger 
area sown than usual. 

Benton. — The Index, of May 27th says, the wheat crop of Ben- 
ton county was looking well and would undoubtedly be the largest 
crop raised in that county for the last ten years. Probably no 
county receiving more immigration, nor a better class. Prospects 
favorable for this becoming one of the best lead mining counties 
in the State. Cole Camp mines is the present center of attraction 
for minors and capitalists. 

Callaway.— The County Court appropriated §250,000 for the 
improvement of roads in that county. Immigration setting in 
strongly this spring. 

Carroll. — The Carrollton Journal says, immense crops of corn 
and small grain, together with all kinds of vegetables spring forth 
as if by magic, and reward the farmer with an overplus of mate- 
rial that heretofore has been in no demand. With the early com- 
pletion of the railroad now being pushed with such vigor and 



75 

promise, will open a market for the shipment of his surplus cereals 
and stock, to St. Louis and the East, markets of incalculable ben- 
efit to all, and thereby tend to enhance the property and further 
the interests of all concerned beyond computation. The Wakan- 
da, flowing along the bluffs or table land on which Carrollton is 
situated, has high solid banks and an exhaustless supply of water, 
offers tempting locations for the erection of manufacturing places 
of all descriptions. The enormous supply of fuel, wood and coal, 
especially the latter, is found in quantities almost fabulous. A 
gentleman from one of the largest Starch Factories in New York, 
visited here last fall for the express purpose of erecting a branch 
ostablishment, and his sole objection was the want of railroad 
transportation ; this objection is to be removed by the certain com- 
pletion ot the road by the middle of summer, the chances favor 
the erection of a factory that will exhaust a gx'eat part of the sur- 
plus corn crop that heretofore has been in no demand. We pos- 
sess every element essential to a large manufacturing town, and 
we but want the capital to develop these resources. Flouring 
Mills, Woolen Mills, Eeaper, Mower, Plow or any branch of Agri- 
cultural Machinery, would find advantages unsurpassed by any 
other section in the country. This, with the millions that can be 
fed from the rich farming lands of the Missouri bottoms are ele- 
ments unknown elsewhere. St. Louis merchants agree, that Car- 
rollton, more than any other county town, commands the whole 
trade of the county, while more merchandize is shi^jped to this 
point than any other between St. Louis and St. Joseph. 

Already we have a large Woolen Factory in complete running 
order and doing a heavy business, and the consumption of wool 
during carding seasons is 500 pounds a day. With one set of 
new machinery and the latest improved kind, working from twelve 
to fifteen hands, a 46-horse power Engine, 220 Spindles and five 
sets of Eoll Cards, all kinds of woolen material, and is a source 
of wealth to the proprietors. 

Cape Girardeau. — A new Foundry and Machine shop has re- 
cently been built. In the village of Shawneetown a fine Woolen 
Factory has just been started, running 240 Spindles, three Looms 
and one set of Woolen Cards. The capacity will be increased ac- 
cording to the demand. The News urges that one should be es- 
tablished in Cape Gii'ardeau. " By the erection of a good Woolen 
Factory in our city, trade from every part of the county would 
be di'awn here, and every business man would feel the benefit of 
it. We have every facility for manufacturing, and there is no bus- 
iness that pays better. Eouse up, gentlemen, and let us have a 
Woolen Factory." 

The same paper says : " We see by the boats passing up the 
river, that there is a great- rush of emigi-ation westward this spring. 
The crowded state of the east is pushing its surplus population 
west, where there is plenty of rich land that can be purchased 
cheap, and the country is fast filling up. We know of no county 
m Missouri that offers greater inducements to the seeker after 



76 

comfort and wealth than Cape Girardeau. 

Clinton. — The Cameron Chro?iotype of March 12th, (with a 
crowing-rooster-illustration,) explains the reception of Eailroad 
news, as follows : "Last night the news came to town that the 
County Court had entered the subscription of ^100,000 on the L. 
& D. M. Eailroad Company's books. The intelligence created 
great enthusiasm — bonfires lit up the town, vivats rang out upon 
the air as round after round was fired fi'om the cannon. The 
Campbellite church was full of people listening to a discussion be- 
tween Eev. Houston and Rev. Encell, seeing the tires flashing up 
into the sky and hearing the general tumult, there was a rush for 
town ; the brass band playing in the old Masonic Hall, threw open 
the doors and music filled up the pauses in the general jubilee. 

The Journal says the wheat in Clinton county, promises a more 
abundant hai'vest than we ever knew in that section. 

Cedak. — The Trib^me, of June 12th, saj-s : " It is conceded 
that the present wheat crop is more promising than usual, so much 
80 that grain is expected to be abundant and cheap." 

Chariton. — The Union says " the wheat crop throughout that 
county, and the counties adjoining it, particularly in the South, 
East and West, was presenting a cheerful and promising appear- 
ance. There were large fields of winter wheat along the line of 
the West Bi-anch of the North Missouri Eailroad, and everything 
looked well for the largest crop of wheat yet known in that sec- 
tion." 

Clay. — The Liberty Tribune says "the wheat crop of Clay 
county never promised a more abundant yield, while double the 
amount was sown last year that was sown the year before. Mr. 
James C. Evans, of Gallatin township in that county, informed 
the Kansas City Journal that he would commence cutting on the 
16th inst., while there were 200 acres of wheat on his own and 
adjoining farms that would certainly average thirty bushels to the 
acre. The estimated crop is three times greater than that of last 
year." 

Dade County. — The Greenfield Vidette, Bays: "We see that 
our town is improving by the erection of a good Court House, 
while on every side of the town you may turn your eyes, wo see 
business houses going up, which speaks well enough. But that is 
no reason why more important improvements should be neglected. 
Build more stores, shops, and particularly dwellings. They will 
be occupied soon as built." 

DeKalb County. — The Register says: "A colony of one hun- 
dred families — all from Now York — intend settling in this county. 
Already have some of them purchased land, and still thej^ come ! 
Every train coming west brings them by scores. These families 
are energetic people from New York, and are fully satisfied that 
DeKalb county is the place to emigrate to in order to pui'chase 
good, cheap lands." 

Greene. — The Springfield Patriot says : " Those who have the 



77 

best means of knowing, estimate that five or six hundred new 
buildings will be erected in this city during the coming year. This 
may be too high an estimate, but it is certain that very extensive 
preparations are being made, and that Springfield will experience 
a year of growth and prosperitj- far exceeding anything in the 
past. The surrounding country is also keeping pace with the city. 
We think the heaviest immigi'ation is to Southwest Missouri. 
The saw-raills are over-run with orders for lumber for fencing 
and building. Every train brings new accessions to our popula- 
tion, besides the thousands who bring their own teams and cattle, 
and families in wagons." 

Howard County. — The Advertiser of April 9th, says: "The 
spring emigration to our State began three weeks ago, and is goin^/ 
on at present in large volume. The boats on the Missouri river 
are busier than they have been for several years, their chief busi- 
ness being the carrying of passengers — immigrants, with their 
household stuff. Large numbers of passengers and new settlers, 
also, are going into the interior on the Pacific Eailroad. Both the 
through trains on that road, running six to eight cars each, ai-e 
filled with passengers. The new settlers are substantial, thrifty 
persons, nearly all from the Northern States, generally jjossessed 
of some means, and all of them a valuable accession to our 
population. There is not a State in the Union, nor a Territory, 
filling up more rapidly than Missouri at the present time, and in 
a few years the sparsely populated districts will be filled with 
thrifty and industrious people, and diversified with productive 
farms, that will make Missouri one of the most powerful States 
in the Union. The prospect for an abundant yield of wheat never 
better. The harvest will be unusually early. All crops are prom- 
ising large yield." 

Henry. — The Clinton Advocate learns that the wheat crop in 
every part of Henry county could not look more flattering. There 
is not a field in the county that would be considered a failure. In 
the north and northwestern portions of the county the estimate 
is for an average of twenty-five bushels to the acre, while in the 
south and southwestern it is estimated at fifteen bushels. A greater 
breadth Avas never soAvn in the county. 

Iron. — The Ironton Enterprise says : " Considerable Avheat was 
sown in Iron county, and the crop ia looking much better than 
usual. Considerable immigi*ation into county. Town rapidly 
improving," 

Jackson. — On the south side of the Missouri river, the Kansas 
City Journal of June 16th, says, " the wheat harvest in Jackson 
county had fairly commenced, and the yield everywhere is report- 
ed large." 

Col. Lowe, of the State Line Hotel, informs the Journal of Com- 
merce that he is going to enlarge his well-known establishment to 
four times its present proportions. [He better enlarge and im- 
prove his bill of fare, first.] 



78 

Jaspku. — The Carthage Banner says : " Our town has not halt- 
ed in its onward march a single day during the past winter. Houses, 
commenced since Christmas, are now finished and occupied. We 
see with pride that the class of buildings now going up, are bettei 
in style and finish than those erected last summer, as a general 
thing. ^Ye hope and expect to see some fine brick buildings erect- 
ed in this place this summei'. We have enough wooden buildings^ 
and some three-story brick blocks are much needed, and would 
return a handsome rent to any one putting them up. The weather 
is very favorable for house-growing; every time we go to dinner 
we see a new frame or two sprung up like a mush-room. Lum- 
ber stands no chance at all in this town. As an evidence of the 
fast character of our town, we Avill say that one forenoon, not 
long ago, we saw a man dump a load of boards from a wagon ; 
an hour afterwards we saw him busily engaged in constructing a 
liouse from the aforesaid boards, and by night, the smoke wa& 
curling from the stove-pipe through the roof of the shanty, and 
the happy occupant was reclining under the shade of his own vine 
and fig tree, watching the culinary operations of his better-half, 
and snuffing the ham-sceuted atmosphere of his new home, with 
an air of independence, and laughing in his sleeve at his happy 
situation. We counted thirty-six wagons in sight, from our office 
window, at noon on last Saturday. This was independent of many 
teams hitched in vacant lots near the Square. About one-half of 
these wagons had a new plow or two in them, which shows Avhere 
the many plows that used to greet one's sight everywhere are 
going to. Scarcely two and a half years ago, and there was noth- 
ing but ruins, and weeds, and gopher hills, on the town site of 
Carthage, but now it is acknowledged by all to be the liveliest town 
in Southwest Missouri. The reason is as plain as the nose on a 
man's face — it is the county seat of a large, rapidly developing 
county — good soil, excellent water, rich lead mines, spleqdid stock- 
raising region — everything to warrant and insure continued pros- 
perity." 

Of immigration, the same paper says : '' There has been a ripple 
of immigration kept np all winter, hitherwaxxl, which ripple is 
swelling into a wave, and ver}' soon that wave will be mountain- 
high, and then business will.be livelier than it is now, and our 
square will be a harbor for prairie schooners every hour of the 
day. Lot them come; our county is large and lands cheap, 
and Jasper County is destined to a career of prosperity' that will 
eclipse the rapid growth of portions of the Northwest." 

Johnson. — The Warrensburg Standard of June 11th, says : "The 
wheat prospect in Johnson county is encouraging. Farmers give 
assurauce that the crop will be double that of last year. Many 
fields were nearly ready to harvest." 

Laclede. — The Lebanon Chronicle says, the crops in that county 
look well, while wheat promises a large j'ield. 



79 

L.^j'AYETTE.— Every part of the county is y regressing in the 
way of improvements. Crops unusually promising. 

Lincoln. — The ClarksvUle Sentinel says the indications of an 
abundant wheat crop in Lincoln county are most flattering. NeAv 
farms being opened. Hearj'^ immigration. 

Lawrence coiaity is to build a Normal school edifice, and the 
various towns are competing in livel}' style for its location. Says 
the Spring River Foimtain : '^ In Eikir's neighborhood the}' have 
^3,600, and accumulating every day. Verona has some $2,500, 
and are at work vigorously. Marlonville says that she will have 
the buildings, or a larger sum than §5,000 will be made up some- 
where else. Round Grove is at work. Although we would prefer 
having it at Mount Vernon, yet we have no hesitation in saying 
that unless slie has the pluck let her stand back." 

Lewis. — The Canton Press says: "With the opening season, 
the spirit of enterprise has taken possession of our people, and 
we notice on every hand, many encouraging evidences of substan- 
tial improvement. New buildings are going up, premises are 
being surrounded with new fences ; the painter is busy with brush, 
and the mason and brick-layer with trowel, and ere long we ex- 
pect to describe many creations of beauty." The Press of 
March 12th, tells the following fish story : " Canton lias long 
been noted as the best point for fishing on the Mississippi river,, 
and we have occasionally noted some instances of remarka- 
ble success among our fishermen, A few years ago we recor- 
ded the fact of twenty-six wagon loads being taken at one 
haul, but even this remarkable feat has just been surpassed by 
Messrs. Turner, Uppinghouse & Bland, who, on Saturday last, cast 
their mammoth net at the foot of Tully Island, and succeeded in 
taking over 80 hogshead of huge buffalo at one draw. They were 
brought down to our levee in skiffs and flatboats, distributed in 
wagon-loads to neighboring towns and the surrounding country, 
and some fifty hogsheads shipped to St. Louis. Estimating the 
lot at $20 per hogshead, that day's work was worth $1,600 to the 
parties interested. We believe this was the largest ''school" of 
buffalo ever gathered at one haul, but Messrs. Turner, Upping- 
house & Bland think there are " a few more le't of the same sort," 
and in a day or two they will have another lot "roped in " from 
the mouth of a neighboring slough." 

Linn. — The Ziinn County Gazette says the wheat throughout the 
entire county, both winter and spring, is looking remarkably well. 
Tenfold greater ai-ea planted in wheat than ever before. This 
county has heretofore brought from abroad from two to three 
hundred thousand dollars worth of flour. This year we shall raise 
our own bread-stuffs. 

LiviNQSTON. — The Chillicothe Spectator says: "Atnc period 
in the last three years has immigration been so large as at present. 
The trains unload scores of people every day who come here to 
settle, or look around for lands on which to make farms. 



80 

Some settle in the town, some in the county, and some scat- 
ter over the surrounding counties. All are sturdy, earnest 
men, and will make good citizens. On the train on which we 
returned home from the East, there were more than a dozen per- 
sons who got off here, intending to settle in this county." 
The Constitution says : " The hum of busy industry- is heard in 
all parts of our city, as new buildings, both private and public, are 
springing into existence, evidencing the rapid growth and pros- 
perity of our city. We incline to the opinion that not less than 
three hundred private residences, with a due proportion of public 
buildings, will be erected during the building season of this year. • 
With pleasure we notice the energy and good taste displayed 
by our enterprising citizens in setting out ornamental trees to 
beautify and decorate our spacious avenues and private residences. 
Nor ai'e these improvements confined to the cit}'. While on a 
recent trip through the eastern portion of this county we were 
highly gratified at the exhibition of numerous evidences of energy, 
enterprise and advancement among our farmei's in this section, in 
the erection of numerous, spacious, and elegant farm residences, 
and the opening out of many new farms. That vast body of rich, 
rolling, beautiful prairie, skirting the timber of Medicine Creek, 
will soon be thickly populated, and as desirable as any part of our 
county. The land is admirably located, adjacent to water pure 
as crj'stal, sufficiently rolling, with timber enough to meet the de- 
mand for farming purposes, and for depth and richness of soil it 
has no superior." The Chillicothe Spectator, June 12th, says the 
wheat crop of Livingston county looks remarkably well, and prom- 
ises a heavy yield, while the Constitution adds that the farmers 
will realize the richest harvest of wheat ever known in that coun- 
ty. A correspondent of the St. Joseph Union says " it will be 
immense." 

Macon. — Numerous new comei's have purchased land and are 
preparing to open farms. New buildings are seen in every direc- 
tion. A saw-mill and carding machine has recently been estab- 
lished in Macon city. The Macon Times, of June 6th, says the 
wheat crop along the North Missouri railroad was looking very 
well, and was nearly ready for the reaper. ]leports from Macon 
county were highl}^ favorable, and there also was every pi'os- 
pect that that county would raise its own bread this season, a thing 
not done for many years. The Journal also says the farmers say 
they never saw the wheat looking uniformly as well as it does now. 

Marion. — The West and South says the wheat crop of Marion 
county " never was better," and "promises to reward the husband- 
man with a bountiful crop." 

Madison. — The Frederichtown Conservative saj's that one of the 
richest veins of lead ore has recently been discovered that was 
ever made. We understand that the " lead " is three or four feet 
thick in the clay, and at least four feet thick in the rock. It is 
found this good over an area of nearly an acre. We hope our 




■I ■:■'' . !!'■ 



dimi '^^i^f'i I '-'i ^/■'tuim''-' 



81 

mining friends ai-e not mistaken in the extent and quantity of the 
ore. And it is hardly probable they are ; for they are old exper- 
ienced miners. If they are not mistaken, Mine La Motte may well 
be considered the most valuable lead mines in the world. We will 
add that these mines have been worked for more than 140 years, 
and new discoveries are constantly being made, as heretofore the 
mining has been principally very near the surface. A new town 
has recently sprung up at the Tin Mountain, which, since the tin 
ore has been found to yield ten per cent. — unequalled elsewhere 
in the whole world — promises to be the center of important min- 
ing and smelting operations. The Fredericktoivn Conservative of 
June 12th, says the wheat crop in Madison county will be light. 
Madison, however, can scarcely be said to be a wheat-growing 
county. Corn and vegetables doing well. 

Mercer. — The Mercer Advance says the wheat looks well in 
that county, — better than it ever before has been, 

Moniteau. — The California Missourian is informed by numbers 
of farmers in Moniteau county, that their prospects for a wheat 
crop are very flattering, and it is the general impression that there 
will be an abundant yield this year. 

Nodaway. — The Maysville Register says: "We noticed, while 
ri'-Ung out on the Maysville and Stewartsville road, the progress 
of enterprise. Even nature seemed imbued with a newness of 
life. The farmers are busy preparing for a prosperous season. 
Our attention was called to a fine lot of sheep, the property of 
^Ym. D. Lee, of Camden township. Mr. L. informed us that 
sheep do far better here than in Ohio. As a sheep-raiser we are 
sure Mr. Lee will succeed, judging from the fine appearance of 
his flock." 

New Madrid. — The Record says : " During the last five months, 
the two Wharf-boats at this place have shipped one hundred and 
eight thousand sacks of corn, eleven hundred pork hogs, §100,000 
worth of furs, and many other exports which we have no means 
of estimating. When it is remembered that there are six other 
- shipping points in the county, which do a large business, some idea 
can be formed of the prosperity of our county." 

Pettis County. — The Sedalia Press gives the description of a 
fine hotel now building in that city : " The size of this magnifi- 
cent hotel will be 176 feet long; 76 feet wide, covering an area of 
about 13,000 square feet. The lower ceiling is 16 feet high ; upper 
story 12 feet ; the dining-room will be capable of seating over 200 
guests; the parlors are double; halls wide; ladies waiting-rooms, 
oilico, billiard and lunch-rooms, ticket-ofiice, bath-rooms, etc., etc., 
all arranged in the most artistic style and peculiarly adapted to 
the comfort and convenience of visitors." Sedalia is alive A'if ii 
the spirit of improvement. On every hand wo behold either prep- 
arations to build, or buildings going up. Mr. Lohman's new bank 
building, on Main street, is rapidly approaching completion. .Sev- 
eral other brick business houses on that street are being finished 



IS! 

up. A great many more will be begun in a short time. All of 
the burnt district will bo built up this spring and summer. Pri- 
vate residences seem to be going up in every portion of our city. 
We suppose it would not be out of the way to say that at least 
fifty new residences are now in process of erection. The proba- 
bility is that moi'e building will be done this spring and summer 
than was done during last year and year before. " Tlie tSedalia 
Times learns from all sections of Pettis county, that the wheat 
promises a bountiful crop. Spring wheat also looks •well, while a 
larger amount was sown than heretofore. It is e.xpected that 
Pettis will raise wheat enough to supply homo consumption, which 
has not yet been done heretofore. 

Phelps. — The Eolla Express of March 30th, eays : "Several 
Pennsylvanians are now at work, busy as bees, just west of town, 
making brick. They go at it as though they knew how, and we 
are promised a good supply of a good merchantable article. Our 
city will be lively after a while. Some of our readers may have 
noticed that a boiler and other machinery has lately been left on 
Rolla street, between Fourth and Fifth. It means business. Messrs. 
Beddoe & Archey intend to have their carding machines in opera- 
tion in two weeks." The Express says there is a fine opening for 
an iron foundry, and that the citizens will aid in estabHshing one. 
The Jiolla Herald of May 30th, says: "The promise of a wheat 
crop in Phelps county is flattering indeed. The seasonable rains 
and warm spring weather brought forward the winter wheat, so 
that an abundant harvest is looked for." 

Pike. — The Sentinel says : " Emigration is again beginning to 
flow into the State, and daily we see upon our streets the white- 
covered wagons which contain the families and household plunder 
of those w^ho are seeking new homes in the West. Clarksville is 
becoming a favorite crossing point with the emigrants, and our 
new ferry boat will soon aitbrd them superior facilities to any 
other place above St. Louis." The Louisiana Journal of June 
18th, saj-s : " The wheat prospects in most sections of that county 
were good." 

Perry. — The Perry ville f/nion of June 12th, saj-s: "The far- 
mers of Perry county will soon commence hai'vesting their wheat 
crop. In some parts of the county the chintz bugs have dose 
considerable injury to the wheat, but the damage was not regard- 
ed as very serious. Farmers say the yield will be reasonably 
good throughout the eountr}', and the crop is much more encour 
aging than lor the past two years." 

Pl.itte. — The Platte City Reveille says the wheat crop of Platte 
county is very fine, and never promised a greater yield than this 
year. Mr. John Wilhite has sixty acres, which "good judges say 
will average from forty to fifty bushels to the acre," probably an 
over estimate. More wheat was sown in that county last fall than 
ever before. 



Putnam. — The Unionville Republican says the wheat crop of 
this county is pi'omising. More was growing this season than 
ever before. The present crop, it was thought, would be sutTieient 
for home consumption, a thing unprecedented in Putnam. 

Polk. — The Bolivar Dispatch says farmers from qyqvj part of 
Polk county give flattering accounts of the wheat crops. * If noth- 
ing occurs to prevent they will reap an abundant harvest. 

Ray. — The St. Joseph Union is informed by a gentleman who 
has just traveled through Ray, that the wheat crop of that county 
looks splendidly. More was sown last fall than ever before. 

St. Francis. — The Herald says: ''The mill belonging to Mr. 
Cayco, in the east end of town, is being thoroughly refitted and 
repaired. The old running gear is to be taken out entirely and 
replaced with new machinery. Improvements still continue. Mr. 
Mondjiy is erecting a large boot and shoe establishment. 

St. Charles. — The Wentzville News oi^ June 11th, sa3-a the wheat 
harvest in that part of St. Charles county promises a good yield, 
and the harvest is nearly at hand. The Cosmos, however, of an 
earlier date, says the reports from various parts of that eountj^ 
"are on the whole rather discouraging." But subsequently the^ 
wheat had " very greatly improved," 

St. Louis. — The Democrat of April 11th, says : " The week just 
closed has been an eventful one in many things, and forms an 
epoch in the experience and advancement of St. Louis which Avill 
become historical. During the week the two enterprises which 
are to make the future progress of this city read Uke a tale of en- 
chantment, have been prosecuted to an eminenly successful event- 
uation, namely : through shipments of grain via New Orleans to 
the markets of the world, and the manufacture of No. 1 iron at 
Carondelet with Illinois coal. The success of either of these en- 
terprises is of sufficient moment to property owners and all inter- 
ested in the building up of St. Louis to occasion the most general 
congi-atulation and interchange of joyful emotions, while the com- 
bined glory of these two great successes ought to make the entire 
State of Missouri profoundly happy. It has been demonstrated 
by the arrival of the cargoes in New York that grain m bulk can 
be shipped through from St. Louis to New Yox'k city in twenty 
days — ten days quicker than can be done from Chicago via the 
lakes, Erie canal, and Hudson river. Further, that 7ieiv corn has 
not received a particle of damage in bulk, though a quantity 22,- 
000 bushels was loaded into one compartment. The freight from 
St. Louis was 27c. per bushel through to New York. Another 
advantage which this route possesses over that of the Lake route 
is that the cargo goes through in a lump, while via the lakes the 
bulk is broken up on the canal boats and goes stringing along into 
market, part one daj^ and part another, often necessitating the 
sale of the cargo in batches, as it arrives, at different prices. By 
the Mississippi and ocean route one tow-boat can take down in a 



84 

good stage of water six barges, each containing 25,000 bushels, or 
160,000 bushels in all. In low water four barges, or 100,000 bush- 
els. This can be immediately transferred to vessels and go through 
without breaking bulk to any market in the world. It does not 
require prophetic vision to enable a thinking man to trace the yet 
undeveloped etfects which will result from this stupendous cause. 
That the largest propoi'tion of the grain now raised in the great 
valley drained by the admirable and unparallelled system of nav- 
igable rivers which pour their commingled waters past our door- 
ways, will find its outlet to the markets of the world by this route, 
is a question so fully in harmony with the interests of shippers 
that it does not admit of a negative. Granted, then, that the great 
mass of cereals which now move by the north and east to Europe, 
are turned this way, and that the present commission business of 
the city is increased fifty fold thereby, and a corresponding increase 
results to every other i3ranch of industry and enterprise, the story 
is not yet half told. Let it be remembered that under the new 
order of things general agriculture will be carried on in Missouri, 
which will greatly increase the amount of grain yearly produced. 
Every town wherein produce is collected for shipment to this city, 
will give us its orders for everything needed in the social econo- 
my, and as the years wear on the number of towns which will 
spring into existence along our river coui'ses and projected rail- 
wa3-8 will greatly increase in number. Three years ago such 
places as Junction City, Solomon City, Cheyenne City, Hays City, 
Ellsworth, etc., etc., had no existence. Now they are lai-ge towns, 
with populations of 1000 to 5000, and are distributing points for 
hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of goods. This wonder- 
ful transformation of Western wilds into throbbing towns has 
been Avrought by the magical influence of the Pacific railway, now 
steadily pushing out its iron arms toward the Eocky mountains. 
When this road reaches Denver, who can accurately calculate the 
immense benefits which will be conferi*ed upon 8t. Louis, and 
*hrough St. Louis to the country at large ? The cost of mining 
will be so vastly reduced by the ease of importing labor, the cheap 
transit to needed points of machineiy and provisions, that a pow- 
erful impetus will be imparted to this branch of business, and as 
a nation, we shall have an increased amount of gold and silver to 
83ll each year." The following extracts from the proceedings of 
a meeting held at the Merchants' Exchange on the 16th of April, 
will intere.st iron manufacturers particularly. Mr. Elliott said : 
Gentlamen — Mr. President will bear me witness that I hesitated 
much to take the initiative in this move here, but let me tell you, 
fellow-citizens, that within the last five days there has been achieved 
in our immeiliate neighborhood something that is but the com- 
mencement of operations running through all time, and exceeding 
in value to this city anything — any estimate — that the most san- 
giune will put upon them. (Cheers.) I have, therefore, to offer 
"you a resolution, a simple resolution, recognizing this great fact or 
the marriage of the Illinois ooal and the Missouri iron ore — nevef 



85 

to be divorced. (Cheers.) We are the center, the absolute natu- 
ral center made by the Deity of the physical resources in iron of 
the Mississippi Valley, and St. Louis will wear the iron crown of 
the continent, and will forge links of steel to bind her tributary 
round. (Applause.) I have seen the furnace work ; for 45 years 
I have known iron furnaces ; I know she was working right. Mr. 
Blow was present, and he knows what he told them at the furnace 
at Carondelet, when the slag run 25 feet. Why, there was never 
made any more splendid iron than that on the table. Iron men 
from different parts of the country all said, as Mr. Beach told me 
yesterday, no better iron need be made than that. Mr. Beach 
told me yesterday : " When you are making such iron as that we 
shall need no more Scotch pig." The resolutions I have to oifer 
are: 

Whereas, The iron furnance at Carondelet, smelting the ores of 
Missouri with the coal of Illinois, is now in successful operation, 
not only yielding iron in large and increasing quantities, but pro- 
ducing it of a quality suited for the most valuable uses of mankind; 
and 

Whereas, The entire success of this experiment with the richest 
ores known, and with coal to be had in quantities as unlimited as 
our mountains of ore, opens a new era in the ii'on production of 
the continent, and will secure to Missouri the pre-eminence in the 
domestic iron trade of America ; therefore. 

Resolved, That we, the Union Merchants' Exchange of St. Louis, 
congratulate the people of Missouri and Illinois on this auspicious 
event, and invite capital, skill and labor, from all points, to share 
with us the riches that nature has provided. 

Gentlemen, I offer these resolutions. (Applause.) Mr. J. Col- 
lins, in the course of his remarks said : ''I have been working in 
iron for forty years, I have seen ii'on made in three quarters of 
the habitable globe, and I never saw a finer result come from a 
furnace on its first start in my life — nor a better quality of iron. 
It is fully equal to the best charcoal iron now made in Missouri, 
and that chai-coal iron is pronounced at the Bessemer Steel Works, 
at Troy and New York, to be the best iron produced on the Con- 
tinent of Amsriea for that purpose; and I think that this iron, as 
it now is, is fully its equal in every sense of the word. As to the 
doubts of making iron with Missouri ore and Big Muddy coal, 
they have all vanished ; it can be made, and will be by the thous- 
and tons, when iron men and capital come to look at the results. 
In a very few years, when this capital takes hold of this thing, 
the iron that connects the Pacific ocean with the Mississippi Val- 
ley, is bound to be made on the Iron Mountain Eailroad," (Cheei'S.) 
Said Capt, Ford, of New Albany — Gentlemen, I have examined 
the iron on the stand to-day, I have been engaged in the manu- 
facture of railroad iron. I have been engaged in the foundry 
trade, and I pronounce it a better quality of iron than any but 
that manufactured out of Pittsburgh coal. I look upon it as a 



86 

great success and a success that I have no hesitation in predicting 
here to-day will double the population of St. Louis in ten years. 
The great manufacturing interests of the countiy depend upon the 
cheapness of the raw material of iron. That iron I feel confident 
can be manufactured for $20 per ton out of it, and railroad iron at 
less than $60 per ton, which is now selling at New York at $85 a 
ton, if my recollection servos mc right. (A voice : " That is cor- 
i-ect.") I look upon this as a great triumph for St. Louis. When 
you can produce iron, which enters into the general consumption 
of the Avhole country at a low figure, you draw manufactures of 
every description around you. The man who wishes to manufac- 
tui*e his 10,000 shovels a year, his 100,000 kegs of nails, is pointed 
to St, Louis. You cannot turn it back. You cannot go back 
upon it." The resolutions were unanimousl}' adopted. The Re- 
publican of April 6th, says : " Emigration, not merely to the 
mineral regions of the Far ^yest, but to the rich country lying 
along the extending lines of the several Westei'n railways, inclu- 
ding that of the Pacific, and to the agricultural districts of our 
own State is active, perhaps larger than during any previous period; 
and as the new comers are men of enterprise, of industry and 
determination, usually accompanied with their families, and go 
into the wilds to build up homes and provide themselves with the 
comforts of civilized, if not of artistic life, it is likely to bring 
about a rapid change in the appearance of the country, to produce 
a material increase in its productions, and greatly to extend its 
business relations, and especially to act most advantageously upon 
the commercial and mechanical interests of St. Louis, not merely 
by giving increased demand for her goods, but by making her tlie 
intrepot for the distribution to less favored countries of increased 
agricultural produce and other scxrces of wealth. This emigra- 
tion being another, and a very important step in the march of 
Empire Westward, is not less welcome to the merchant, the trader 
and the mechanic, than to the patriot and statesman, and hence 
assumes its proper position in the chronicles of our extending 
commercial relations." The Democrat of the 17th, says : "The 
omnibuses brought from East St. Louis, yesterday morning, on 
the arrival from Terre Haute, 387 persons." In 1767 the popu- 
lation of St. Louis was 120 and now it is nearly 250,000. At this 
rate of increase the city would have one million in 1870. 

Saline. — The Marshall Banner says th« wheat in Saline county 
looks remai'kably well, while corn gives a fair indication for a 
bountiful ci'op. It ventures to state that the wheat crop of Saline 
will compare favorably, if not excel, that of any other county in 
the State. 

Scott. — The Commerce Dispatch says, wheat looks finely in 
different portions of that county. The prospects for a bounteous 
harvest are very good. 

Sullivan. — The Milan Herald says that the prospect for a good 
wheat crop Ih Sullivan county was never more flattering. 



87 

Texas County. — The Pioneer says a water power grist mill was 
erected in February, on the west bank of Piney river, three miles 
from Houston. 

Warren. — The Warrenton Banner oi June 9th, says that unless 
some unforeseen accident should occur, the wheat crop of Warren 
county will far exceed any hei'etofore raised, both in quantity and 
quality. Wheat never looked better. Fruit prospects favorable. 

Webster County. — The Yeoman of April 11th, says : " Our 
town and county seem to be receiving a fair shai-e of the west- 
ward emigration. Good! Immigration is what we need J and we 
can offer as many inducements as any other section in the west. 
Our natural resources are full in variety and unlimited in degree." 
The Missouri Yeoman of the 4th, says : '' Mr. Campbell, who has 
just returned from a tour through the counties of Green, Christian, 
Stone, Taney, Ozark, Douglas and Webster, speaks very fiivorably 
of the flourishing condition of these counties ; the vast amount of 
improvements being made, and the fine prospect for a good crop 
of wheat in the coming harvest." The Marshfield Yeoman is in- 
formed by farmers from every part of Webster county, that the 
prospect for a good wheat crop this year is good. A correspond- 
ent of the Springfield Patriot, writing from Panther Creek, says 
that the farmers in that vicinity were highly elated with the flat^ 
tering prospects for an excellent wheat crop. 

Glass AND Queensware Manufactory.— Gov. Fletcher has been 
in correspondence with a colony of upwards of two hundred fam- 
ilies ef Bohemians, who are looking out for a suitable location 
for the establishment of a large manufactory of glass and queens- 
ware. These parties have the means necessary to carry forward 
a great enterprise of this character, and it is probable that at last 
the abundance of material for these purposes which we have in 
our State will be used here at home and be productive of untold 
wealth to the State. We have in Missouri inexhaustible quanti- 
ties of sand, the purest ever known, with lead near at hand in any 
quantity, and in our State is found the best clay for crucibles^ such 
as are used in making glass, that can elsewhere be found in the 
United States. Then, too, we have vast beds of the finest kaoline 
and other clays, with the rarest and most valuable coloring mat- 
ter, such as cobalt, for instance, which is found in greater quanti- 
ties in Madison county than elsewhere in the world. We predict 
that with the famous skill of the Bohemians applied to these indus- 
trial resources of our State they will prove a source of wealth to 
those who work them, and consequently to the State, such as will 
make old fogydom stare in astonishment. They are coming. 
The skilled labor and the capital combined are coming to Missouri. 



88 

New Iron Works. — Only a few days ago a company of practi- 
cal iron workers — men who build with their own money and then 
work with their own hands, come to look for a location to estab- 
lish a large foundiy. They quit work for the iron masters in 
Pennsylvania and come to work for themselves in Missouri. They 
are coming to dig out our mineral wealth and to manufacture it 
here at home. 

Increasing Interest in Lead Mining. — The old Mine LaMotte 
property has recently been purchased by Eastern capitalists for 
500,000 dollars, and is to be worked more energetically than ever. 
We trust the new company will develop the nickel as Avell as the 
lead deposits on their property. These mines are described in 
another portion of this work. Extensive deposits of lead have 
been found in Hickory and Benton counties, and arrangements 
are being made to develop those mines on an extensive scale. 

Erom the Tin Mines. — The latest advices are that the more 
thoroughly the deposits of ore are explored, the more satisfactory 
are the indications. The investment of upwards of $200,000 in 
tin lands, furnaces and machinery for manufacturing, recently 
made by experienced miners and importers, gives guarantee of 
the early development of another new and vast source of wealth. 

From the Keystone State. — Upwards of $50,000 were invest- 
ed in Missouri lands last summer and fall by Pennsylvanians. By 
the following from an Ohio paper, we notice some of them are 
30ming to their new homes. ''The ti-ain from Canton, bound, 
westward on Wednesday, w^as loaded beyond comfort to passen- 
gers by ,a party numbering one hundred and seventy from Penn- 
sylvania, bound to Missouri. There were about fourteen families. 
All had purchased their land before starting, and therefore knew 
their destination. The men were fine specimens of muscular de- 
velopment, and women and girls good looking. Success attend 
them. Empire takes its way Westward; and for the future it 
augurs well when emigrants of such a good class pioneer the way." 

A Colony of nearly two hundred families of farmers from the 
State of New York have only a few days since purchased land 
and found homes for themselves in our State, they bring their 
money and their thrifty and industrious habits with them. They 
bring too their love of liberty and progress. 

Stock-growers Coming. — A company of Ohio capitalists are 
negotiating for the purchase of about 20,000 acres of land in 



89 

Southern Missouri, and will this fall embark in the stock business 
on an extensive scale. 

They are CoxMing. — The men of energ}- and capital are looking 
Westward for investment. Every mail brings letters from persons 
in various portions of the eastern and middle States and Canada, 
asking information as to the best locations for various kinds of 
manufactories, shops, stores, etc. We welcome all these classes, 
as they will infuse life and strength into every channel of trade 
and business, wherever they locate. 

B@~ Correspondence solicited from all parties wishing to locate 
in any portion of Missouri or Kansas. 



NEW MINE'RAL DISCOVERIES. 

Copper and Antimony. — A correspondent, writing from Stock- 
ton, Cedar county, to the Missouri Democrat, says : 

" The lode of copper and antimony, lately discovered, is near 
the town of Stockton, the county seat of Cedar county, and, per- 
haps, is one of the largest copper and antimony lodes ever discov- 
ered in the United States. Its width is over one hundred feet; 
its cropping extends over six miles, in length, and its depth is as 
yet unknown ; though pierced to the depth of forty feet by a shaft, 
no bottom is yet found. The entire mass pans at the rate of 
three hundred and forty-four and a half pounds of antimony, and 
eighty-one and three-fourths of copper per ton of ore. This re- 
sult is obtained only a few feet from the surface, by a practical 
assay. And as the shaft proceeds downwards the ore grows richer, 
and is very soft and easily removed. Machinery, of the value of 
say ten thousand dollars, will reduce ten tons of ore per day. The 
cost of mining and reduction will cost not over fifteen dollars per 
ton, leaving a margin of profit of one hundred and ten dollars per 
ton of ore. These minerals were first discovered by an old Cali- 
fornia miner, in July last, who has had many years experience in 
mining in California and Nevada, as well as other localities, who 
says that the above described lode is richer and will pay better 
for improvement and work than any he saw during his stoppage 
on the Pacific coast, and that the general appearance of the coun- 
try as a mineral pi'oducing country stands without an equal. Not 
only a few minerals are to be found, but many valuable ores show 
themselves on the surface, iron among the number." 

Webster County Lead Mines. — Mr. Hosmer, of the firm of 
Hosmer, Childress & Co., of Weoster county, presented us with 
some specimens of bar lead, manufactured at their furnaces in 
that county. The mine>s were but recently opened, but they prom- 



90 

186 to be equal to any others in the State. Thoy have averaged 
during the past few weeks, a yield of 8,000 pounds per week ; and 
with greater facilities for working, the yield could be increased to 
almost any extent. Tliey are manufacturing at this time an aver- 
age of about one hundred pigs per week, but they have capacity 
for turning out two hundred pigs. They desire to employ miners, 
and will give employment to all who may apply. 

But little has been said or generally known heretofore, concern- 
ing the lead mines of Webster county. They furnish additional 
proof that Southwest Missouri is destined to prove one of the rich- 
est portions of the country. To her great agricultural advanta- 
ges is added immense mineral resources. Almost every county 
furnishes indications of undeveloped mineral wealth, while in many 
counties mines of unsurpassed richness are yielding large profits. 
Jasper, Newton, Christian and Webster counties are furnishing 
large supplies of lead, while Cedar is preparing to supply copper, 
and promises a bounteous yield. Other ores have been discovered 
in many localities, and time will doubtless develop their abund- 
ance and value. — Springfield Patriot April 11th. 

We are informed that the Hazlewood lead mining com- 
pany, have now got their Smelting Machine in full operation and 
are turning out lead pigs by the wholesale. — Webster County Yeo- 
man, April 4fh. 

A piece of lead mineral weighing nineteen pounds was 

found on Panther Creek, thirteen miles south of west of this place, 
the largest chunk of mineral that has ever been found in this 
country above the surface. Several smaller pieces were found at 
the same place. No digging has j'et been done to ascertain what 
the real prospects are. The recent rains washed the earth from 
the large chunk and led to its discovery in a road. — Marshfield 
Yeoman, April 11th. 



MINERS WANTED — GBEA T IND UCEMENTS. 

The Washington county Journal says, " the Missouri & Pennsyl- 
vania Lead Co. offer homes free of rent, good houses, ground for 
gardens, fire wood, water, etc., to steady miners, that may settle 
perm«anently with their families upon their property — the 'Web- 
ster Mines.' " 

The Granby Mining and Smelting company offer as an induce- 
ment for miners to prospect, to pay them a dollar a foot for sink- 
ing shafts — if no mineral is found, the company will be the losers, 
but if they succeed in finding mineral, the money is to be refundecL 
Mr. Frazier, we understand, sunk his shaft under this contract, and 
suoceeded in paying for it, in one week's time. 



91 

Cole Camp Mines. — Eecent discoveries have developed very 
rich lead mines in both Hickory and Benton counties, and the 
proprietors of a large tract of the best mineral land desire to sell 
a poi'tion to enable them to open the mines systematically, and to 
erect smelting works. See advertisement 

Madison County. — Although mining has been prosecuted with 
more or less vigor, during the past 140 years on the Mine La Motte 
property, new and still richer discoveries are constantly being 
made. The Conservative says that "one of the richest veins of 
lead ore has recently been discovered that was ever made. We 
understand that the lode is three or four feet thick in the clay, and 
at least four feet thick in the rock. It is found equally good over an 
aj'ea of nearly an acre." 

Newton County. — The Tribune of April 15th, says: "Granby 
has been laboring under considerable excitement lately. The dis- 
covery of fine mineral on the east side of town has encouraged 
the miners, and there are now few but are at work. The result 
is, that more mineral has been delivered at the furnace during the 
past week than has been in the same time for many months. 
Among those who delivered mineral last week we fiad the names 
of Horton & Co.; Clanton & Brewer; Frazer, Blackwell & Co.; 
Moon & Co.; Kiucannon, Chester & Co. and Pilant & Co. A num- 
ber of them are new prospects, and considered very good. The 
pump shaft has also three setts of hands at work, and it is being 
sunk as rapidly as possible." 



WHAT WE ARE IMPORTING. 

Up to June 1st during this year, among the importations we 
notice the following, all of which Missouri should supply — having 
an abundance of the requisite raw materials : 

Railroad Iron $167,266 Guns 815,224 

Piglron 5,043 Cutlery 8,831 

Pig Lead 65,192 Oxide Zinc 4,227 

Steel 57,445 Paints 28,300 

Tin 116,.577 Plumbago 4,198 

Glass 9,513 Saltpeter 14,331 

Glassware 12,533 Tobacco 21,054 

Glass Plate 14,699 Wool 76,998 

Earthenware 12,113 Wines 68,138 



92 



CHEAP HOUSES. 

In every city and large town in the west, there is great com- 
plaint of high rent. The true way to get rid of thia, is to build a 
house of your own as soon as possible, and be free from landlords 
henceforth. Some months ago a Savings Association in Chicago 
offered several liberal premiums for the best plans for dwellings 
at various given prices. From the report of the committee, after 
examining a great number of plans, from architects of several 
cities, we copy the following : 

" A $600 cottage, of four rooms ; parlor, kitchen, two bed-rooms^ 
clothes-press and pantry. Size 18 by 24 feet. The following are 
specifications : 

The foundation will consist of two thicknesses of 2-inch plank, 
two feet square, laid crosswise, placed three and one-half feet in 
the ground. The posts supporting the sills will be 8x8 square, 
pine, placed upon the foundation plank above mentioned. The 
sills will be 6x8 square, pine, well framed together to the posts, 
studding and joists j the tops of sills to be six feet from the top of 
ground. The posts and sills will he properly braced. The stud- 
ding will be 2x4, pine, double and bolted — and well spiked to- 
gether to the studding and to the rafters. The joists for first 
floor will be 2x10, pine, set 16 inches from centers and cross- 
bridged. The ceiling joists will be 2x4, pine, set 16 inches from 
centers. Headers and trimmei'S will be double. 

The rafters will be 2x6 inch, pine, set 20 inches from centers. 
The place below the sill will be coiled with perpendicular, narrow, 
plain and matched pine ceilling. The entire outside of the build- 
ing, above sill, will be sheeted with common pine boards, welj 
nailed to the studding and rafters. The entire walls, above sill, 
will be covered with common pine, dressed siding, well lapped and 
nailed to the sheeting. The roof will be covered with No. 1 sawed 
pine shingles,free from sap or knots, and laid so as to lap three times. 
There will bo plank gutters on each side of the roof, covered with 
tin and painted. The chimney will be placed on a bracket in sit- 
ting-room. There will be two thimbles for receiving the stove- 
pipes from either side, as shown by plan and elevations. The in- 
side of the flues will be smoothlj'^ plastered. Suitable plastering 
will be furnished around chimney. There will be a coat of brown 
mortar, suitably mixed with live quick-lime, sand and hair, and a 
second coat of plaster paris hard finish. The floor will be one- 



93 

inch pine, planed, matched, tongued and gi-ooved, and well nailed 
down through the face. The outside doors will be one and three- 
quai'ter inches thick, with cottage rim locks ; all other doors to be 
one and one-quarter inches thick. All to be four paneled. The 
window frames will be plank frames, with window fastenings. 
The sash to be one and three-quarter inches thick, with checklip 
meeting rails. There will be two pairs of blinds, (Venetian roll 
ing slats,) on front windows. The casings will be four inch pine, 
plain architraves, with ogee edge. The bases will be five inch, 
plain, with head on top for principal rooms. There will be a 
plank sink, two by three feet, in kitchen. 

All trimmings to be mineral knobs, metal wards and escutch- 
eons. There will be a bell at front door. There will be a privy 4x4 
feet, with a valt 2x4 feet, set three feet in the ground. The front 
and rear steps will have a suitable rail and newel, as shown on 
plan. There will be a plain picket fence, with a gate, suitably 
hung, and a rear and side rail fence. There will be a walk, two 
feet wide from front gate to front and back steps, and from back 
steps to privy. There will be two strips, with hooks, in the press, 
and three shelves in the pantry. The entire dressed wood work 
and inside will be painted, two good coats in oil. The blinds will 
be painted in Paris green. The glass used will be best American, 
shingle thick. No plumbing or gas-fitting is called for. The spe- 
cifications include all the materials and labor necessary to complete 
this dwelling for occupancy." 

^' A $1,000 double tenement — size 20x26 feet, arranged so as to 
give an equal amount of room, namely, two rooms below and two 
rooms up stairs, with pantry under the stairway and balcony in the 
rear. This is so made as to connect it into a single tenement by 
moving the partition between the two front rooms over the one 
side, and inserting a door in it, the foot of the stairway to be re- 
moved from the kitchen to the hall ; then the stairway is to be 
taken down, and a wall put across the end of the room to make 
the closet and pantry accessible. The room under the house may 
be transformed into a frost proof cellar by nailing boards upon 
the inside of the posts, and filling the space between them and the 
outside with sawdust and tanbark. 

The following are the most important specifications : 

The first story will be 9 feet 2 inches in height; the attic 8 feet 

2 inches. The building will be set on 6-inch by 6-feet posts, sunk 

3 feet and 6 inches into the ground ; sills 6x6 inches ; the building 



94 

to be lined all around with boards planed on the inside ; lower part 
to be skirted with 7-8 inch narrow matched boards ; the sides to 
be laped 1 1-2 inches ; roof to be sheathed and covered with th» 
best quality of sawed pine shingles, laid 4 1-2 inches to the weath- 
er J the cornice to be made by nailing a verge board to the ends 
of the projected rafters, the verge board to be cut into a fancy 
pattern ; front and rear steps to rest on 2-inch stringers, with 1 1-4 
treads and 7-8 inch risers, with firm railing ; floors to be of second 
quality 1-inch, well worked, perfectly dry, free from shaken, splits 
or loose knots; the front.and rear doors to be made of 1 3-4 inch 
stuff, with ogee molded stiles and raised panels, the inside doors 
of the first story to be four-paneled, attic doors to be two-paneled, 
oak thresholds; a covered wooden drain to be put down from the 
sink to the gutters ; chimneys to be 8x8 inch flues, suspended on 
brackets ; all the rooms, halls and closets to have one coat of plas- 
tering ; all the wood work to be painted inside and outside with 
two coats of the best quality white lead and parboiled linseed oil ; 
all windows to be glazed with good American glass." 

These specifications will be valuable to new beginners. The es- 
timates are made upon lumber, etc., at Chicago, and the increased 
cost of building elsewhere, will depend upon the cost of lumber 
delivered on the premises, as the wages of mechanics do not vary 
much. 



TME GROWTH OF KANSAS. 
Mr. H. S. Sleeper, Surveyor General of Kansas, in a recent re 
port to the Commissioner of the General Land Oflfice, at Washing- 
ton City, gives the following estimates of the population, cultiva- 
ted lands, live stock and farm products of the State at the present 
time, June, 1868. Comparing his estimates with the census re- 
turns of 1860, the increase will be seen as very encouraging : 

Population, 1868, (estimated) 300,000 

" 1860, " 107,206 

Increase 192,794 

Acres Improved, 1868, (estimated) 2,000,000 

« « 1860, « 372,835 

Increase 1,627,165 



Ko. Head No. Head Value per Total Vain* 

Live Stock 1860. 1868. Increase. Head 1868. 1868. 

Cattle 34,938 1,000,000 965,062 $ 25 $25,000,000 

Horses 8,124 150,000 141,876 60 9,000,600 

Mules and Asses 1,234 10,000 8,766 100 1,000,000 

Hogs 16,500 1,000,000 983,500 5 5,000,000 

Sheep 1,145 100,000 98,855 3 300,000 



Total 61,941 2,260,000 2,198,059 §40,300,000 

Total, 1860 $3,205,522 

Increase $37,094,478 

No. Bu. I860. No. Bu. 1867. Increase. Price'67. Value 1867. 

Corn 5,678,834 40,000,000 34,321,166 $ 50 $20,000,000 

Wheat 168,527 2,500,000 2,331,473 1.75 4,375,000 

Potatoes 283,968 1,000,000 716,032 1.00 1,000,000 

Other Products 10,000,000 



Total.... 6,131,329 43,500,000 37,368,671 $35,375,000 

Total value of improved farms and agricultural implements, 1868, 

estimated $40,000,000 

Total value of improved farms and agricultural imple- 
ments, 1860, estimated 12,067,520 



Increase $27,930,480 



KANSAS WATER POWER AND GOAL. 

The committee appointed to make careful measurements and 
surveys, report that the total fall in the Neosho river, ft'om head 
of " Johnson's Eapids " to foot of " Kinzie's Eapids," (a distance 
of four and a half miles,) is twenty-three feet ! After careful esti- 
mates, they state that all necessary improvements can be made 
to render this available for manufacturing purposes, for $5,000. 
The value of good water powers in Kansas, owing to their scarc- 
ity, is much greater than in States farther east. Hero is an ex- 
cellent opportunity for establishing a Woolen Mill, Carding Ma- 
chine and Floiu-ing Mill. Any person can obtain the full report 
by addressing "Editor of Patriot, Burlington, Kansas." 

Prof. B. F. MuDGE, (in the Geological Report,) estimates the 
Kansas coal field as covering an area 208 miles long, by an aver- 
age breadth of 107 miles — or 22,256 square miles — equal in area 
to 1-7 part of all the coal lands of the United States. This will, 
in a great measure, compensate for the absence of timber as well 
ag of water-po.wer, in many portions of the State. 



9e 



WHAT WE AIM TO AGG0MFLI8H. 

"The Western Farm and Immigration Company" has been 
organized under a liberal charter from the State, (authorized cap- 
ital $600,000,) for the purpose of encouraging immigration to the 
West, by the publication of the most reliable facts and statistics, 
as well as by the formation of colonies, and the purchase and sale 
of real estate, for actual settlers, and others. Confident that the 
natural resources, claims and advantages of the States of Missouri 
and Kansas, need but be known to be appreciated. This Compa- 
ny has established The Western Quarterly, as an exponent of 
the Great West, as the title page indicates. A great variety of 
articles are embraced in this number, and it will be the aim of the 
editor to make each succeeding number better than its predecessor, 
hence correspondence is solicited from every town and community 
desiring or deserving particular attention, and an " exchange " 
with the newspapers of the West is particularly requested. 

AN INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY 

Will be kept by the Company, for the purpose of affording ready 
and prompt communication between those who want to engage in 
various industrial pursuits in the West, and communities who have 
inducements to offer for this same class %f persons. For instance, 
there are a great many new towns and settlements in this and ad- 
joining States, where saw and grist mills, sorghum refineries, wool- 
en factories, planing mills, furnitui*e, boot and shoe factories, tan- 
neries, foundries, stores, etc., etc., are greatly needed, and fre- 
quently the town or community will club together and offer a 
bonus of lots, or of cash towards securing such establishment as 
they deem most necessary. 

Again, there are many parties in the eastern and middle Stiites 
who are ready to accept and improve an opportunity of this kind, 
who have the capital and experience to embark in such an enter- 
prise successfully. 

What we propose to do is to offer our services as a means of 
communication between these two classes, and thus to supply the 
wants of parties East and West. 

Let every one who has any inducements to offer for the estab- 
lishing of any kind of manufactory; any town company, railroad 
company, community or settlement who want any kind of a man- 
ufactory, store, shop or business, state their wants explicitly, and 
the inducements, advantages and prospects, with their postoffice 



i 



97 

address — and those who want to locate in the west, state what 
business they want to engage in, and what they can offer towards 
it in capital ajid experience, with their addi-ess. 

Let either class^ East or West, write us their wants, and we will 
place them upon our " Industrial Directory," under proper head- 
ings, and we will at once put the parties in correspondence with 
each other, and besides this will publish in the next number of the 
QuAETRRLY a statement of such " wants " as we are requested to 
publish. This ^' Directory " will, at all times, be open to appli- 
cants. 

In this way we can make ourselves as well as our Quarterly 
useful to both classes — greatly facilitate the development of our 
Western Interests, and at the same time aid persons in the East 
to better their condition, by securing independent and lucrative 
positions in the rapidly growing West. 

Of course we oannot perfoi'm this labor gratis : Our charges 
will be for registering and communicating with parties having the 
advantages of the Industrial Directory, $2 each. Those who wish 
their '^ wants " published in the Quarterly will remit ?2 extra. 

We trust parties both East and West will take advantage of the 
opportunity here offered for having their wants supplied ; and there 
is no question but applications will be freely sent from the Eastj 
but in the West, where a town, or community of individuals are 
equally interested, " what's everybody's business is nobody's bus- 
iness," and unless some one public-spirited individual takes the 
responsibility of representing the claims, advantages and umnts 
of the town or community, it will hardly be attended to. As be- 
i ore stated, it is our desire to make this an important feature of 
mutual advantage to patrons East and West. But we cannot do 
it without the co-opei"ation of those most deeply interested. 

Communications for this department may be addressed to N. H. 
Parker, Editor Western Quarterly, St. Louis. 

7 



98 

A WORD OF ADVICE TO IMMIGRANTS. 

Since the issue of our first number we have received scores of 
letters asking tohere the writer had better locate to insure suc- 
cess in this or that particular kind of business; and farmers are 
particularly inquisitive as to whether it is advisable for them to 
remove to the West, and where, and at what price they can 
secui-e farming lands. By carefully reading The Quarterly 
the intending immigrant will learn that the soil and climate in 
different portions of the State are more particularly adapted to 
the cultivation of particular products. For instance, the best 
wheat land will not produce the largest yield of corn; and the 
soil and locality most admirably' adapted to profitable fruit grow- 
ing is, in many cases, unfit for cereal or root crops. 

As " every man is the architect of his own fortune," ho is 
every man to be the judge as to the locality which will best 
satisfy him. It will be our aim to give the very fullest and 
most reliable information to guide him in his selection. We 
think we have superior facilities for obtaining property at the 
very lowest prices for parties who wish to invest in any portion 
of Missouri or Kansas, and can supply almost any demand. As 
to prices of farms and land in various counties, refer to our 
advertising pages, back part of this work. 

The great object in life with every head of a family is, or 
should be, to accumulate a competency for themselves and 
family, and to educate their children, so that when old age 
comes they will have a comfortable home, and be able to " start 
their children in the world," not only with an education, but 
with a farm, or with a tract of land from which they can make 
one. This can be accomplished much easier in the West, where 
land is cheap, than in the thickly settled portions of the East 
Several persons in the Eastern and Middle States have written 
us they have farms at home which they can sell for $50, and 
some say $100, per acre, yet they acknowledge the land is 
probably now at its maximum value, and requires the annual 
application of manure to compensate for each crop produced. 
These parties claim that it require* coristAni effort to |irodaoe 



9y 

from their land sufficient in sunamer to sustain the family and 
stock through the loag, tedious winter, and that they are not 
accumulating anything beyond a bare living. 

Suppose our correspondent owns 160 acres, which he can sell 
for $50 per acre. This would bring him $8,000, for which we 
can furnish him sixteen hundred acres in Missouri or Kansas, at 
$5 per a.cre ; or, what is better, let him deduct $2,000 for im- 
provements, he can then buy 1,200 acres. Suppose he cultivates 
only 160 acres, he will have as good, or better, crops from the 
new, fertile soil, with far less labor, than he would have from 
his old farm of 160 acres, and he will have the use of all the 
remainder of the land for pasturage, and with the rapid growth 
and improvement of every portion of the West, at the end of 
ten years he will have realized more from his crops than he 
would have done in the East, and his land will all be nearly, or 
quite, as valuable by the acre as the farm he left. In a word, 
he will be worth sixty thousand dollars, having gained fifty-two 
thousand dollars, which would certainly compensate him for the 
inconveniences and temporary privations of begiitning life in the 
West. 

All persons who come West will not accomplish this — many 
can not. Some have written us they would pay a handsome per 
cent, upon their profits if we would insure them to realize cer- 
tain stipulated amounts from the expenditure of cash, time and 
labor. We will tell them, without charge, how we think this 
can be accomplished : 

Ist. Make up your mind fully and deliberately whether you 
are willing to leave old associations and family ties, and " rough 
it " in the West a few months. If yes, ihen determine to succeed, 
and work faithfully and patiently to accomplish it. 

2d. Much depends upon a location. Do not buy land where 
there is no immediate prospect of a railroad, and with it society, 
schools and churches. These last are necessary to man's true 
development; and he who lives outside their influence any con- 
siderable length of time, will suffer a loss which he can never 
retrieve, especially if he has a family of children. In this on 
lightened age no man has a right to rob his children of a goud 



100 

oduealiuu; tLut is their birth-right^ aud tho provision in our 
western States is ample to give an education to every child 
whose parents will permit them to accejit it. 

3d. Do not fall into the same error that many have after 
coming West, by concluding that the land is so fertile there is 
no work required. Weeds grow as rapidly as anything you 
may plant. Whatever you do, do it promptly, in season, and do 
it thoroughly. Subscribe for tho best Western agricultural paper 
you can find ; use the best labor-saving machines, for you will 
find this true economy; plant an orchard as soon as possible, for 
this will increase the value of j'our land more than anything 
else, and will soon be a constant source of profit. 

4th. Whether in the selection of land, the building of your 
house and fences, in the selection of your stock or seeds for 
crops, or trees and vines, get the best your means will justify. 
You will not only find it to give better satisfaction day by day, 
but you will find it profitable. " The best is always the cheapest 
in the long run " 

6th. Strive to have every department of your farm as com- 
plete as possible Emulate and improve upon all the best farms 
you know of. In this way you enhance the value of all your 
property, and insure the comfort of yourself and family, increase 
your profits, and stimulate others. 

6th. Bear in mind that a man must pay for the neighbor- 
hood, whether Bast or West. If you want a piece of land in an 
old settled community, where they have good schools and 
churches and society, good roads, with streams substantially 
budged, &c., you must pay j'our quota towards them in the 
purchase. On the other hand, by encouraging and helping to 
build up all these desirable and necessary advantages, you add 
to the value of your property, as well as the comfort and hap- 
piness of your family and the community. Public spirited men 
are at a premium everywhere. 

The poor man writes us he has no choice ; if he comes West 
he must get cheap lands from the government under the home- 
stead law. The writer can sympathize with this class, having 
lived in a teot while the trees were cleared away in a dense 



101 

forest to make room for the erection of a log caoin. A person 
who has the satisfaction that he is for the first time making him- 
self and family a home, may cheerfully submit to almost any 
privation for a short time, in order to accomplish so great h. 
purpose. Thousands of pioneers in all our western States have 
made beginnings in this way, and succeeded. You can not now 
possibly get into as remote a locality, as far from civilization 
and the comforts of life, as they did, and you have an hundred- 
fold more to encourage you than they had. There are upwards 
of forty counties in Missouri where lands can be secured under 
the homestead act — one hundred and sixty acres for every loyal 
head of a family. .. v 

The first number of The Quarterly has met with a very 
liberal patronage, and, we trust, has accomplished some good. 
One satisfactory indication is, that letters have been received 
from parties who are now forming colonies, in Massachusetts, 
New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, 
West Virginia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina and 
Canada, all of whom depend upon us to either secure them suit- 
able locations or to give them particular information and advice. 
Besides the foreigners we hear of, who are coming direct from 
the '^ fatherland," there are large colonies of each, Germans, 
Scandinavians and Swedes, who have lived several years in this 
country, now preparing to take advantage of our superior soil 
and climate. 

We mention this particularly to illustrate that where it is 
impossible for a colony to be formed, we can probably direct 
any family to a new settlement, where they can join hands with 
others from their own section of country, thus removing many 
of the objectionable features of a solitary pioneer's life. 

Many of the most wealthy men in the West purchased judi- 
ciously at an early day. We often hear the remark, " Why did 
I not come West and buy land when it was cheap, for now I 
would have been rich." We predict real estate will increase in 
value more rapidly in the West during the coming five years 
than ever before. 



G. U'. HF.RF-D, N. H. PARKER, 

PaKSIDKNT. SECRKTAKY 



Western Fariii aM Imliratm Co., 

AUTHORIZED CAPITAL, $600,000. 

Incorporated April 291h, 1868, for the purpose of 
Inducing Immfigration to Missouri and Kansas. 



We s«ek good Investments tor Capital in Missouri 1 
We will aid parties to secure for tKeraselves Homeel 
We select locations for Coiooies ! 
We secure good points for Manufeotories! 
We will name good towns for Mechanics ! 
We select mines and mineral Lands! 
We locate Homesteads for families ! 
We enter Government lands ! 
We loan money on first-class securities ! 
We sell all kinds of Real Estate ! 
We find buyers for properly left with us! 
We pay taxes in all Western States ! 
We attend to our buiness promptly! 
We solicit correspondence ! 

JS^We keep on file at our office Newspapers from 
nearly every county in Missouri and Kansas, for the 
free use of our patrons, and strangers. 



Send $1,00 for "WESTERN QUARTERLY" or red 
stamp for Circular giving full particulars and refer- 
ences. 



lOS 



TEE SIMMONS IRON MOUNTAIN. 

Through the enterprise of Hon. C. C. Simmons, W. P. Billings, 
and their associates, another Iron Mountain is about being 
developed, which promises to be as valuable as any of the far- 
famed iron deposits in this great iron State. This deposit is 
situated in section 24, township 34, range 6 west, in Dent 
county, and the property of the company embraces two hundred 
and- eighty acres. This land was purchased from government 
by one of the most scientific, far-seeing men in the State, who 
located it (at a cost of less than one dollar an acre), some fif- 
teen years ago, in anticipation of its prospective value. During 
the past four or five years several capitalists and iron men have 
examined it, each satisfied of its superior quality and almost 
inestimable value, determined within himself to purchase it, as 
soon as the estate to which it belonged could give title to it. 
But "delays are dangerous." Hon. C. C. Simmons and W. P- 
Billings secured the prize, not a little to the disappointment of 
all who had examined it. 

In October, 1868, the proprietors employed two competent, 
practical engineers, Messrs. Reichard and Youngenfield, to make 
a topographical survey, maps and drawings of the property. 
From their very full and complete report we copy the following 
facts and estimates : 

"The summit of the mountain is 125 feet above the level of 
the valley, and 110 feet above the lowest point on your land. 
In its length the mountain has a northeastern and southwestern 
direction. The accompanying view will give an idea of its 
contour. From the summit down, for a distance of about 400 
feet, the surface is covered with large boulders of iron ore^ 
From this point down the iron is covered with earth, washed 
from the upper part of the mountain, and the ore crops out 
again at a distance of 1,000 feet from the summit, at different 
points, especially where ravines and traveled roads cross it. 
There is scarcely a point on this property where ore can not be 
picked up; and we found, in several instances, where, by tho 



104 

action of high winds, trees were blown down, large masses of 
iron ore were imbedded in the roots. 

" Taking all .these facts together, we arrive at the conclusion 
that this mountain may be considered as one solid mass of iron, 
and we have no doubt that further explorations will establish 
this fact beyond question. 

" In making our calculations as to the number of tons of iron 
contained in the mountain we have made a liberal allowance for 
the overlying strata of earth which covers a portion of the de- 
posit. A suflScient number of longitudinal and cross sections 
were taken to enable us to calculate< the cubic contents with 
accuracy. 

"After deducting the overlying earth, we find the mountain to 
contain two hundred and sixty-seven millions, eighty-six thousan-d 
and three hundred and thirty-two cubic feet, or thirty-three millions, 
three hundred and eighty-jive thousand seven hundred and ninety- 
one tons of iron ore in the upper 110 feet. We have assumed one 
cubic foot of ore to weigh 250 pounds, somewhat? less than its 
actual weight. Although the amount of ore above the level is 
large, yet it probably extends far below the level, as is the case 
at Pilot Knob, in Iron county, where the iron is known to ex- 
tend 440 feet below the surface, and at the Iron Mountain, 
where borings for an artesian well extended to a depth of 180 
feet, still penetrating the solid ore." 

Remarks. — The writer of this (N. H. P.) accompanied the 
engineers while making the topographical survey above alluded 
to, and made a personal examination of the entire property. 
There is scarcely a point on the property (except in the valley 
where the iron is covered by soil and debris), that a pen-knife 
blade can penetrate its length without striking iron ore. Taking 
the estimate of the engineers of the ore in sight, say, in round 
numbers, thirty-four millions of tons — one hundred tons per day 
for every working day in the year could bd supplied through a 
period of over eleven hundred years. The reader can determine 
how deep he will be compelled to go to get enough. 

Prom the accompanying illustration it will be seen this monn- 



106 

taiu is cone-shaped, which will be an advantage in supplying 
the iron to either the cars or furnace at its base. 

Now, as to its quality. The ore is of the blue specular variety, 
and is apparently free from any other impurity than quartz, 
which appears in small quantities in some of the larger boulders. 
No scientific analysis has been made, but specimens taken from 
various positions were brought to St. Louis (several hundred 
pounds' weight), and have been examined not only by the most 
intelligent and experienced iron workers, dealers and smelters 
of this State, but by practical iron men from Pennsylvania, 
Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Tennessee, etc., all 
of whom pronounce it a very superior quality of ore, and some 
of the best judges say it is "the best ore they ever saw." 
Those who are now using the best ore they can procure, native 
and imported, say of this, " there is no better iron," 

Will there be a demand ? Those who are acquainted with the 
character of iron ores from Iron Mountain, Pilot Knob, Shep- 
herd Mountain, or Meramec, need not be informed those ores all 
differ very materially. The oi'e from each of these localities is 
better for some purposes — for making certain kinds of iron, than 
any of the others ; and for certain other qualities of manufac- 
tured iron, a mixture of two or more of the ores is found ad- 
vantageous, if not actually necessary. From examinations 
already made, iron men decide that this ore can be used to great 
advantage in the place of iron now imported from other States, 
and to some extent it will take the place of Scotch pig. Con- 
tracts have already been offered for forty thousand tons, as soon 
as it can be delivered. 

The following is an abstract of the amount of iron and ore 
shipped from stations on the St. Louis and Iron Mountain Kail- 
road during six months, ending September 30, 1868 : 

IKON. ORK. 

Pilot Knob 5,318,315 1 ,854,20« 

American Iron Mountain Company : 9,025,650 76,987,146 

E. Scott & Co., Iroudale 8,450,115 

Carondelet Iron Furnace -2,380,000 

Total pounds 25,174,080 78,841. 345 

In tons 11,099 35,197 

The sales made by St. Louis wholesale dealers in iron d'lnng 
the five months ending October Ist amounted to $787,419 



106 

It may not be out of place to digress a little to explain what 
is doing towards increasing the demand for iron ore by the 
establishing of 

NEW IRON MANUFACTORIES. 

The "Mount Carbon Coal and Railroad Company" is composed 
of John Baird, President, William B. Dodge, R. M. Oliphant, L. 
G. B. Cannon, O. D. F. Grant, all of New York; E. K. Rogers, 
Chicago, and Andrew C. Bryden, of Grand Tower, Directors. 

The " Grand Tower Iron Company" is composed of John 
Baird, President, R. M. Oliphant, L. G. B. Cannon, New York j 
E. K. Eogers, Chicago, and Andrew C. Bryden, Grand Tower, 
Directors. Mr. Bryden is General Superintendefit of both 
companies. 

These gentlemen have already built a railroad from their iron 
works at Grand Tower through their immense coal deposits at 
Mount Carbon, to Carbondale, on the Illinois Central Railroad, 
and have now nearly one thousand men employed in their coal 
pits, saw mills, car factories, lime kilns, brick yards, etc., and in 
loading and handling their sixty boats, tugs and barges, and in 
the construction of two of the most extensive and complete iron 
furnaces in the United States. When we say the principal men 
engaged in this stupendous enterprise are interested in the 
justly celebrated Scranton Iron Works of Penna, and that they 
have already expended upwards of two millions of dollars, and 
will necessarily invest upwards of five millions of dollars before 
their works are fully in operation, it will be understood this is 
no speculative bubble. The names given above are among the 
most enterprising, wealthy and successful business men in the 
United States, and a suflScient guaranty of the perfect success of 
whatever they undertake. Here you see the brief statement on 
paper. At Grand Tower you will see the railroad, the buildings, 
boats, men, machinery, etc. Grand Tower promises to become, 
at an early day, the most important manufacturing center of the 
West. Again, a company has been organized, ground purchased, 
and the buildings commenced at Carondelet, just south of this 
■•ity, for a very extensive rolling mill; the manufacture of rail. 



107 

road iron being an important feature in their plans. These 
enterprises will be carried through as rapidly as men and money 
can push them. 

What are the shipping facilities ? The Simmons Iron Mountain 
is twenty-two miles from St. James, on the South Pacific Rail- 
road. A route is ^already being surveyed between these two 
points, and a railroad will be built from St. James to Salem, 
at an early day. The great drawback to manufactures, trade 
and commerce, heretofore experienced in St. Louis — that of 
having no direct connection between the river and railroads, is 
being overcome, in part, by the construction of a railroad from 
Cheltenham, five miles from the river (on the Pacific Eailroad), 
to Carondelet. These roads are fixed facts, and when completed 
the cost of mining and transporting this iron oi*e to the manu- 
factories at Carondelet or Grand Tower will be less than $4 per 
ton. 

Before this reaches the reader a company will be organized 
for building the road to Salem. This road will ultimately be a 
section in the St. Louis, Little Eock and Galveston Eailroad, the 

most feasible and direct route, penetrating one of the best grain 
producing regions of the State, the iron and copper fields, and 
best pine lumber district of the State ; traversing the mineral 
districts of Arkansas, furnishing an outlet to the famous zinc 
mines, marble quarries and cotton fields of Arkansas, and to the 
farming and grazing districts of Arkansas and Eastern Texas. 
The people along the line are wide awake, and will meet us at 
our southern State line. Again, less than seventy-five miles of 
railroad, due east, will connect the Simmons Iron Mountain with 
the Grand Tower Iron Works, and with the river at that point, 
for shipment of the ore to other markets. 

Unfortunately, the writer has no pecuniary interest in any of 
the projects alluded to ; hence, what is herein stated is voluntary, 
and intended to be unbiased and independent. As one feature 
of the business of the Western Farm and Immigration Com- 
pany is to " give practical suggestions for the profitable invest- 
ment'of labor and capital in industrial pursuits in the West," 
we would add that those who can secure any stock in either the 
Simmons Iron Mountain Company, or in the twenty-two miles 
of railroad soon to be built to furnish an outlet, will make a 
paying investment, and aid in developing one of the most im- 
portant and valuable of the many natural resources of this great 
State. 



lOS 

ITEMS OF PROGRESS IN MISSOURI. 



FOR QUARTER ENDING NOVEMBER 1, 1868. 

Adair. — The completion of the North Missouri Railroad has 
infused new life into the whole country through which it passes. 
New buildings are going up in town and country. In Kirks- 
ville a Presbyterian church, normal school building, railroad 
depot, grain warehouse and woolen factory are among the 
many new buildings, with a full complement of dwellings and 
business houses. 

Andrew and Atchison. — Besides the Missouri river, as a 
natural outlet, these counties now have the Council Bluffs and 
St. Joseph Railroad, the recent completion of which is rapidly 
adding to their population and prosperity. 

Audrain County recently voted two hundred thousand dollars 
for the Louisiana and Missouri Railroad. The contract is let, 
and this .road is to be completed to Mexico by next fall. The 
people of this county are awake to their interest and go for 
improvements. A railroad has never yet touched the borders 
of Callaway county, its people having heretofore opposed such 
improvements. They are now just awakening from their 
lethargy, and propose to build what is called the ''Callaway 
Branch," beginning at some point on the North Missouri Rail- 
road at or near Mexico, passing through Fulton on to Jefferson 
City or St. Hubert. Among the big vegetables produced this 
season was a cucumber, measuring eighteen inches in length 
and twelve inches in circumference. A court house, to cost 
$50,000, is in course of erection at Mexico. 

Barton. — Mr. Rose, from the Pennsylvania oil regions, has 
"struck ile," about twenty miles west of Lamar. His well ie 
seventy feet deep, with good prospects. Within three miles of 
this well are several springs from which oil flows continually 
A new flouring mill was started in July, and has run night and 
day ever since. The Lamar Missourian says: "There is more 
wheat being sown this fall than ever before. The certainty of 
the crop, and the large yield the past harvest, have stimulated 
farmers to extra exertions." 

Benton County. — Th® Warsaw Times says : " Stone coal, best 
quality, in paying quantities, has been discovered just below 
the surface, about three miles from Warsaw. Major R. H. 
Melton has discovered a large mineral bed on his lands in the 
southern portion of our county, which promises to exceed in 
riches any lead deposit ever discovered in Missouri. In pros- 
pecting, the miners in his employ struck a vein of lead not over 



109 

a foot from tbo surface of the ground, which varies from seven 
to eighteen inches in thickness. The lead is of a very superior 
quality, which, together with the richness of the deposit, places 
Benton among the foremost counties in the State for mineral 
wealth. Immense quantities of wool are being shipped from 
Warsaw, to which it is returned in the form of manufactured 
articles. We are glad that our farmers are testing the fact that 
it is just as easy, and ten times as profitable, to breed sheep as 
it is to- raise dirty swine, but we regard it as a great mistake 
that efforts are not made to establish manufactories here, so 
that it will not be necessary to send their wool away to have it 
changed into fabrics. Who will first start a woolen manufac- 
tory at Warsaw, that shall at once be the pride and the profit 
of the surrounding country ? The flouring and saw mills of 
Gillette & Co. and of Mr. Eyerly are kept busy night and day. 
The wheat crop is the finest ever raised. It has ripened fully, 
without damage; the berry is large and plump, and the yield is 
enormous. Brighter times are looked for. An Eastern com- 
pany, with ample capital, have purchased a large tract of min- 
eral and timber lands, and are already making arrangements to 
establish saw mills and erect smelting furnaces to develop their 
property." 

Bollinger. — The completion of the railroad has waked up 
the people of this county. Marble Hill, the county seat, has 
been incorporated. The Standard, at Marble Hill, is edited 
with ability, and liberally patronized. It is advocating the 
claims of that county for fruit culture, and says : The climate 
and soil are peculiarly well adapted for the propagation of 
apples, pears, peaches, plums and cherries; also the small fruits, 
such as strawberries, gooseberries, raspberries, blackberries and 
grapes. As a location commanding a wide range of market it 
has no superior. The northern end of the railroad running to 
St, Louis commands the entire North and Northwestern States. 
The south end of the railroad commanding the Southern and 
Southeastern States, making this location peculiarly desirable 
for the disposal of ripe fruit. At present, good lands, within 
easy distances from the railroad,* can be purchased at reason- 
able rates." The saw mill at Crooked Creek has been enlarged, 
and is turning the groves of poplar and cypress into lumber 
rapidly. A new flouring mill is about going into operation, on 
the same stream, which furnishes good water power. "Farm- 
ers are cutting timber and hauling logs four or five miles to 
the mill, and having them sawed into lumber, and are improving 
their farms, as though they are determined to show to the 
people that they can make a 'living on these hills' by raising 
grain and fruit. Our county is steadily advancing; indeed, 
we never knew a county to improve faster than Bollinger has 
within the last few months. In almost every issue we have to 



110 

ehronicle some new enterprise or improvement." Mr. F. 
Woolford 18 erecting a porcelain furnace and two mills, one for 
grinding flint or quartz sand, and the other for grinding glazes 
for the manufacture of ironstone china, commonly called granite 
ware, and other qualities of earthenware. Immense deposits of 
all the materials requisite for manufacturing granite or iron- 
atone china, and other earthenwares, are abundant in thin 
county, and we hope to live to see manufactories established 
here which shall supply millions of dollars' worth annually of 
the varieties now imported. Capital and enterprise, only, are 
wanting. 

Boone County is engaged in building a system of roads that 
will reflect great credit upon her people, and repay them ten- 
fold for their labor. The branch railroad connecting Columbia 
with the North Missouri Railroad at Centralia has already 
increased the valuation of town property to city prices. Co- 
lumbia, the county town of Boone county, has about thre« 
thousand inhabitants, known far and wide for their cultivation, 
intelligence and public spirit. It is the seat of the State 
University and two coUeges for young ladies. The streets of 
the town are broad and beautiful, neatly paved and graded, and 
thickly planted with shade trees. 

Cass County. — Pleasant Hill has about three thousand 
inhabitants. Five churches, well attended, speak well for the 
piety of the three thousand, while the absence of any jail is a 
voucher for their morality. A large public school house, now 
in course of erection, when finished, will aff'ord educational 
advantages of the highest order. Two large flouring mills and 
a woolen factory have been erected the last'year. The grain 
business of this place is already a very important one, and from 
the rich country around it must constantly increase. Sur- 
rounded by a rich agricultui-al district, thickly settled, it has 
become a very important point on the road. On side tracks at 
the depot are two or three freight trains loading with corn, and 
the town is thronged with farmers and their teams. We pass 
large stores, whose occupants seem full of business!, and the 
bustle of a thriving town is everywhere manifest. The town is 
well laid out and built, while tasty residences, surrounded by 
shade trees, reveal many cosy homes, seemingly filled with con- 
tentment and happiness. 

Carter County. — Captain C. Beer, of Newport, Kentucky, 
and A. Inskeep, captain of s-teamer Natrona, have made an 
examination of Current Eiver, and report thai, " by taking out 
the trees lodged in the channel of the river, boats can run to 
Van Buren, Garter county, a portion of each year, that is, during 
high water, and we also think it practicable to build a series of 
wing dams, confining the water in the channel so as to enable 



Ill 

light-draught boats to run all the time, and also rafts of timber 
and boards. The cost of the work would not be heavy, and 
would certainly be trifling compared with the benefits of having 
a water communication along your valley." The water of 
Current River is so clear that a silver half-dime can be seen at 
a depth of twenty feet. The " wing dams " would increase the 
already extensive water power, and the improvements suggested 
would not only give an outlet to the farming region, but to a 
large lumber region, and extensive deposits of iron, copper and 
other minerals. 

Christian County. — The lead mines in this newly-discovered 
district are paying handcomel}'. The mineral is found from ten 
to fifteen feet below the surface, and is pronounced to be appa- 
rently inexhaustible. 

Clay County. — The Liberty Union says : " Much immigration 
of a first-class order has arrived in the county during the past 
year, and Liberty has received her portion ; many new build- 
ings have already gone up this spring, and many are now under 
construction. Probably more buildings have been erected 
within the past six months than during the previous six or seven 
years, and there is no branch of trade but what can be made 
remunerative here. Laboring hands in the county, we are told, 
are scarce, and command from ^20 to $30 per month on farms.'' 

Crawford County. — "A mine of carbonate of lead has lately 
been discovered in a new lead and iron district in Crawford. In 
1864, a German assayer in New York made a bar of steel by 
mixing pulverized iron ores from Crawford county with a small 
per cent, of tungsten from Madison county, in this State. The 
writer took the bar to a blacksmith and had it tested, and it 
was pronounced a good quality of steel. This would be the 
* tungsten steel ' of the Germans, and could be made in this 
city at a cost of a fraction above bar iron. Of minerals, iron 
ore 65 per cent, lead ore 80 per cent, copper ore 30 per cent, 
and mineral paints, and a good quantity ofttituminous coal, are 
all found in an area three miles square, and the lands begging 
in the market for purchasers at very low figures." 

Dallas County. — The Lebanon Chronicle says : "A new 
town, named Blwood, has been created at the lead mines, 
twenty miles west of Lebanon. The proprietors have just got 
their smelting furnace in operation, and have quarters for the 
miners, and built a large blacksmith shop. They are going to 
put up a large store very soon. The miners have sunk three 
shafts, and are taking out from 1,200 to 1,500 pounds of lead 
daily from each. The lead will be shipped to the railroad by 
wagon through this place. This is the first step taken towards 
mining, to any extent, in -this vicinity. The day is not far dis- 
tant when the Niangua, Gasconade and Osage hills will be filled 



112 

with miners, and a hundred furnaces will be running within a 
radius of twenty-five miles of Lebanon. The railroad will 
soon be completed to this point, and capitalists will take advan- 
tage of the vast mineral resources of this section. Our hills 
are full of minerals of all kinds; why should it not be taken 
out? A golden harvest is here presented." 

Dent County. — The Simmons Iron Mountain Company have 
purchased and are preparing to develop the immense deposit of 
superior specular iron ore near Salem. The contemplated rail- 
road from St. James will add greatly to the business of all this 
section of country; hence, there are good opportunities now 
for investment. A good saddle and harness maker will find a 
first rate opening at Salem. (See article on Simmons Iron 
Mountain Company in this work.) 

Franklin County. — Reports from the numerous mines ai*e 
very favorable. Sixty thousand pounds of lead ore were 
recently raised at the Hamilton mines. Several recently 
explored regions justify the opening of new mines. 

Green County. — "Springfield has more than doubled her 
numbers since the war, and now has a population of five 
thousand, constantly increasing. New buildings are springing 
up in the city and on farms in the county with astonishing 
rapidity. The Real Estate Herald will be sent free to all par- 
ties who will remit postage lo the publishers at Springfield. A 
saw mill is greatly needed on the James, ten miles east of 
Springfield. The country is thickly settled, and every body 
wants lumber, and it is not to be had for love or money. The 
few mills in the country have contracts already more than they 
can fill. Pine lumber is plenty in the city, but the country 
wants lumber from the mills. There is a rare chance for some 
enterprising men. Timber is plenty and the demand is great. 
Lumber is a tash article, with a handsome profit." Again, the 
Herald says, "if somebody wants to make money hand over 
hand, let him establish a woolen factory here at Springfield. 
The public square, day after day, presents a lively front, 
crowded with teams and men. Strangers are seen on every 
street. . They say it beats any thing thoy have seen since they 
entered the State ; that there is more life, more business, more 
enterprise, more improvements, and better prospects here at 
Springfield than any point they visited in the State." It is a 
pity that the numerous powerful springs flowing from the hills 
can not be applied to any other use than to water cattle. For 
instance, Wood's Spring, four miles from town, aifords water- 
power enough where it rushes from under a ledge of rocks for 
any common country mill. 

Henry County. — The Clinton Advocate savs that town ''is 
improving more rapidly than ever before. We look out upon 







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113 

our streets and we see the carpenters, masons, cellar diggers, 
and painters busy in every quarter." After mentioning a 
number of brick business blocks, the Advocate says : " Outside 
of the Square, there are over fifty residences building, and many 
others have just been finished, and the occupants are living in 
them." 

Iron County. — Several lodes of quartz, containing silver and 
gold, are among the latest sensations. Some ore sent up from 
south of Pilot knob was assayed, and yielded fifty ounces silver 
per ton. , The ore has much the character of the Nevada silver 
ores, and is in a new district, fifteen miles from where any mine 
has been worked. This has the identical appearance of one 
class of the Mexican silver ores. The developments recently in 
quarlz veins make it highly probable that the silver wealth of 
the quartz-bearing districts of the Iron Mountain region will 
prove of comparative magnitude with the iron. Tin is also 
found in this count}'. The corn crop has been unusually large. 
Peaches 3'ielded fully an average crop, and of better quality 
than usual. One bunch of Concord grapes, from an Ironton 
garden, " contained ninety-two large, well-developed grapes, of 
the most delicious flavor." A manufacturing company has just 
been organized at Ironton, confining their efforts at present to 
the supplying of flour and meal. One of the Ironton papers 
complains that ''there is less money coming into that part of 
the country than goes out; that nearly all the produce con- 
sumed there is brought from St. Louis." It says : " Let farm- 
ers plant and produce to the very extent of their ability, and 
uover fear that they will have more than they can dispose of." 

Jackson County. — The Western branch of the North Mis- 
souri Eailroad is to be completed to Kansas City by the 1st No- 
vember. The bridge across the Missouri is being pushed rapidly, 
and will be completed by 1st January. Kansas City is increas- 
ing more rapidly in the number of population, buildings, or 
business importance, than almost anj' Western town or city. 

Jasper County. — Carthage had been entirely destroyed and 
deserted during the late war, and in 1865 only three or four 
families had returned ; but within eighteen months the place 
has been rebuilt and populated mostly by Eastern immigrants. 
I am informed that upwards of eight hundred persons are here 
now, and many residences are going up all around the city 
limits.- Carthage is not the largest, but the most lively place in 
the Southwest. It appears to be a kind of rendezvous for hun- 
dreds -and thousands of immigrants. The public square is con- 
tinually crowded with wagons, and near a great spring in the 
vicinity of the town is the temporary camping ground of hun- 
dreds of movers. They are looking out for locations for settle- 
ments, while their families are in camp, and as soon as one 
8 



114 

squad leaves, their place is occupied by aiiothe ■. These lacts 
would perhaps imply that the southwestern counties were about 
filled up, but this is not the case. The extent of territory in the 
Southwest is so great that even this enormous immigration is 
hardly yet perceptible. The Spring Eiver region is beginning 
to bo known abroad, and many a happy farmer has laid the 
foundation for a fortune by securing here a home. 

Jefferson County. — Mines are all paying handsome profits. 
Some new diggings opened. The two Baryta mills aie ovei'- 
run with business, and the one at Vineland is constantly weeks 
behind its orders. The largest lead mines in the United States 
are the Perry and Valle mines in Jefferson county, Missouri. 
The lead ores here, made in a system of pipe veins, have yielded 
from 1,000,000 to 2,000,000 pounds of seventy-five per cent ore 
annually for the last forty yeai-s ; are worked two hundred and 
fifty feet deep, and are still going down. 

Lawrence County. — The sprightly Spring Eiver FountaiUy 
of Mount Vernon, says : *' We have been running a race, over 
here in Mount Vernon, with the darkies to see who would build 
a school house first. The darkies beat ! No use to disguise the 
fact, the thing's did." The editor was* presented with six fine 
apples, of the Kentucky Eed variety. The largest measured 
111 inches in circumference, and the smallest 11 inches. The 
six weighed four pounds, grown near town. The peach crop 
was better than usual ; so plent}' that they were di'ied and 
canned for shipment. .John Cherry had ten acres of wheat 
averaging 22? bushels per acre, and forty acres averaging twenty 
bushels. There are several large springs^ in this county, (the 
head waters of ''Spring Eiver,") which furnish abundant water 
for mills and manufactories. 

Lincoln County. — A bed of coal, eighteen feet thick, has 
been opened about seven miles south of west f^om Troy. The 
strata is described as containing three feet of cannel coal, three 
feet light semi-bituminous, and thirteen feet of heavy bitumin- 
ous coal, all of a very superior quality. The owner is anxious 
10 sell to some company able to work the mine, and supply the 
increasing demand from manufactories. The St, Louis and 
Keokuk Eailroad is under contract through this county. 

Livingston County. — Chillicothe is attracting considerable 
attention as a prospective railroad center. The road from 
Brunswick to Chillicothe is now very nearly completed. The 
prospects for the St, Louis and Omaha' Eailroad crossing at 
Chillicothe are daily more encouraging, and it is alread}' a fixed 
fact. The Chillicothe and Des Moines (Iowa) Eailroad has been 
surveyed, ready for contract, and the capital secured to com- 
plete fifty miles, leaving only twelve miles to the Iowa State 
line, and this road will be built beyond doubt. This will at once 



115 

open up to the trade of St. Louis the valley of the east fork ot 
Grand Eiver, extending tar into Iowa, which is one of the moBt 
beautiful and fertile regions of- the great Northwest, and which 
is now being rapidly developed. Of course, Chillicothe and the 
surrounding country is improving very rapidly. 

Macon County. — The Argus speaks vei-y encouragingly of 
improvements of all kinds in and about that city. Go where you 
will through the country, you see new farms opened, and neat, 
new farm houses; especially is this the case in the northern 
part of the county. Mr. Vincent, of Macon City, raised a lot of 
sweet potatoes, one of which measured 282 by 22 inches and 
weighed over eight pounds. 

Madison County. — Thetin fever is on the increase, especially 
East. A party in Central New York, who owned four hundred 
acres ofivwild land in .the tin district in Madison county, was 
recently written to, to learn his price, supposing it could be 
purchased for five -dollars or less per acre. He answered that 
several parties had been after it, and his price was ^100,000. 
General Pike, of St. Louis, has recently smelted the largest and 
most pure block of tin yet produced in Missouri. Work has 
been resumed upon the furnaces at thetin mines. The develop- 
ment oflBlead veins on the Mine la Motte claim is large, there 
being two hundred miners at work, and ore raised more 
than can bo smelted this .year, with the two furnaces running, to 
make 1,000,000 pounds of lead. Five barrels of quartz from a vein 
in Madison county, T. 33, R. 5, B, have been shipped to New 
York, and assayed, and yielded $109 per ton, gold and silver. 
The lead veins of St. Francis and Madison counties will yield 
fifteen ounces of silver to the ton of ore. A party with a 
knowledge of desilverizing lead ores, to put up a silver lead 
smelting works along the line of the Iron Mountain Railroad, 
and have these ores shipped to the furnace by rail, would find 
this a paying investment. There are large nickel fields in 
this State. Refined nickel is worth $2 per pound. Mining this 
ore in Missouri would pay largely. Report says that Mr. King 
sold recently one-half interest in forty acres and his lead discov- 
ery in township 38, range 2 west, section 33, for $15,000. 

Marion County. — A Hannibal paper says: "Immigration 
into Missouri continues to increase. A wagon of movers can 
be seen at any time of the day on the streets of that city, their 
owners seeking homes on our broad prairies. Most of them are 
bound for the Southwest." Crops of all kinds represented as 
satisfactory. Corn better than usual, ears averaging eleven 
inches in length. 

Mississippi County. — The Iron Mountain Railroad is com- 
pleted twenty-five miles, and the road bed and bridges in order 
for the iron sixty miles north from Belmont. A new impetus 



ni6 

has been given to all kinds of business, in anticipation of the 
early completion of the road — affording a through railroad to 
St. Louis. 

Moniteau County. — The railroad from Tipton to BoomviUe is 
completed. The fruit crop is abundant; the yield of peaches 
larger than for several years. Mr. Gray, living near California, 
raised 1,475 bushels of oats on twenty acres, a little over seventy 
bushels to the acre. 

New Madrid County. — This claims to be the great cotton- 
growing county. Four cotton gins and presses — one of them 
running by steam — are now "in successful operation. One 
steam flouring mill, three steam saw and grist mills, all doing 
well. Abundant crops, 

Newton County. — The Neosho Crazetfe mentions several new 
buildings in course of erection, and important improvements in 
and around the town, including a large hotel and flouring and 
grist mill. A sugar mill is greatly needed. The Tribune says 
two now saw mills have lately been put in operation, and several 
others are building, one at the new town of Seneca. " No 
better indications as to our growing prosperity can be given 
than the facts of so many saw mills being needed. In all parts 
of the county dwellings are being built. Immigration has again 
set in, and our vacant lands are being rapidly settled. The 
cheering prospects of having a railroad seem to lend new 
energy to all classes. Lots in our town are changing hands, and 
indications are that Neosho will improve more the next j'car 
than it has done since the war." Mining prospects very flat- 
tering. 

Perry County boasts a better corn crop than for many years 
before, an abundant hay crop, and wheat above the average. 
Peaches plenty and good. 

Phelps County — The brisk new town of St. James is grow- 
ing more rapidly than any place on the South Pacific Railroad. 
There are already three churches, a fine brick seminary (seventy- 
five pupils), three stores, a steam woolen factory, flouring mill, 
and furniture factory, tannery, and upwards of one hundred 
and fifty buildings of various kinds. This will be the junction 
of the railroad, about to be built, southward to the Simmons 
Iron Mountain, ultimately to extend to Galveston or New 
Orleans. Numerous substantial brick business blocks and a new 
court house are just being completed at Rolla. 

Pike County enjoys the anticipations of the early com- 
pletion of the St. Louis and Keokuk Ruilroad through her 
county, and the enterprise and public spirit of her citizens will 
decide how soon they may enjoy the realitj'. The line is under 
contract as far north as Louisiana. 

Platte County. — Heavier crops than usual; one farmer 



IITT 

raised one hundred and seventy-six bushels on five acres. On 
the farm of J. H. Wilhite, by actual measurement of land and 
wheat, ten acres produced five hundred and eighty-three bushels 
and twenty-two pounds of clean wheat, nearly sixty bushels to 
the acre. 

Schuyler County. — North Missouri Eailroad completed 
through. Excursion to Iowa State line on 25th October. The 
people rejoice, and anticipate great prosperity. Property 
rapidly advancing. 

Scoxr County. — Alorley is a new town, recently laid out, on 
the Iron Mountain Railroad, in section 27, township 28, range 
13 east, eight miles north from Charleston, with fair prospects. 

St. Clair. — The improvements through the county increas- 
ing, and the demand for lumber to such an extent that two new 
saw mills recently started — one on Bear Creek. 

St. Francois. — Iron Mountain Railroad will be completed to 
Farmington in November. Another extensive lead mine recently 
discovered. 

St. Louis. — Intending to devote the January number prin- 
cipally to this city, her manufactures, trade, commerce, im- 
provements, etc., we can not devote the space here which a brief 
mention would require. Our advertising pages are a pretty fair 
index as to who the enterprising business men are. The sales 
of twenty-five of our business houses during September amounted 
to $3,67iJ,036, 'Nearly a million dollars' worth of dry goods are 
embraced in the amount. The largest sales made in Chicago 
by any dry-goods firm were by Field, Leiter & Co. — $130,000. 
Dodd, Brown & Co., St. Louis, same month, sold $207,000 worth; 
H. Bell & Son, 3151,000; Crow, McCreery & Co., §160,000; 
Smith, Vogel & C@., 01-43,000. Several of our houses are ahead 
of Chicago's highest, but we have not space to insert the list. 

Shelby County. — New woolen factory erected, and flouring 
mill going up, at Shelbina. The Herald of October 29th says: 
" Large numbers of immigrants are daily passing through our 
town. We understand that even here it is almost impossible to 
procure a house to live in. The Yankees ' are coming, hurrah ', 
hurrah !' is the chorus we hear upon our streets almost every 
day. Trains of white-covered wagons are passing continually, 
and nearly every passenger train leaves more or less immi- 
grants in our county. Never before has Missouri received as 
large an immigration as the present season. 

Washington County. — Lumber and lead mining paying hand- 
somely. The zinc- works at Potosi are a grand success, and 
other new works about being built. 

Wayne County. — A mine of bismuth has recently been dis- 
covered , also, rich in silver. Other copper and plumbago do- 
posits and prospects of tin are reported. 



118 

BUSIISfUSS OF THE ST. LOUIS AND IRONMOUNTAIJS 
RAILROAD. 
In an article copied from the Pittsburg Commercial (on pages 
52 and 53 of this work), the iron business of this road is con- 
siderably under-estimated. Below we give the amount of 
freight transported over the road during the .past four mon'lis. 
Notwithstanding the great decrease in the scale of charges by 
the company^ the receipts are constantly increasing. The total 
receipts for October were $66,575 ; of this, upwards of $21,000 
were for the transportation of iron and ore. The increased de- 
mand for the shipment of iron and ore has largely exceeded 
the anticipations of the company, as well as its carrying ca- 
pacity. The lumber trade, it will be seen, is also increasing. 
In our next issue we hope to give the statistics of business done 
by all our railroads. In the following table will be found two 
new items of trade in this State — zinc and porphyry; the, former 
from the now manufactories at Potosi, the latter being the new 
material now used for paving and macadamizing the streets of 
the city. As additional rolling stock is being placed upon the 
road, to accommodate the rapidly increasing business, the re- 
ceipts for the coming quarter will be considerably larger. The 
opening of -the tin mines, and the erection of four new rolling- 
mills and furnaces, depending principally upon the mines on this 
road, will add largely to its business: 

Abstract of Freights, including a fexv of the principal articles trans- 
ported over the Iron Mountain Railroad during the months of July, 
August, September and October, 1868: 



Merchandise lbs. 

Grain lbs. 

Flour • lbs. 

Tobacco lbs. 

Tar IbsJ 

Lime lbs. 

Zinc lbs. 

Lead lbs. 

Iron lbs. 

Iron ore lbs. 

Porphyry lbs. 

Hay bales. 

Cotton bales 

Lumber feet. 

Baryta car loads 

Coal car loads. 

Wood car loads. 



July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


1,435.520 


1,604,421; 


i,i;92,ioo 


1,895,465 


855,992 


767,977 


836,365 


723.975 


370,960 


381,050 


340,175 


255,575 


16,999 


8,290 


4-935 


9.925 


1,800 


900 


3,800 


3,300 


56,700 


159,200 


145,840 


120,075 






8,979 


11,010 


286,138 


319,048 


450,921 


436,620 


2,207,710 


2,053,225 


5,789,935 


7,329,805 


",577,300 


14,581,935 


12,506,370 


15,925,015 


5,108,48"; 


6,605,590 


8,189,565 


9,829,680 


208 


135 


284 


154 


1,423,714 


1,716,010 


1,532,110 


1,566,99s 


44 


63 


38 


22 


20 


II 


30 


42 


98 


143 


157 


137 



119 
MISSO URI— DESCRIPTION BY GO UNTIES. 

ADAIR COUNTY 

Is situated in the north eastern portion of the State, separated 
from the Iowa State line by Schuyler county ; and embraces a de- 
sirable division of prairie and timber land. The prairies extend 
through the county in a north and south dii'ection, upon a "divide" 
between Chariton and Salt rivers. These streams and their trib- 
utaries are well timbered. Bituminous coal, and limestone and 
sandstone for building purposes are abundant. The soils are fer- 
tile, and well adapted to all purposes of the farmer or stock 
grower. The North Missouri Eailroad is now in operation through 
the county, into Iowa, affording tarmers and manufacturers a 
ready market at their very doors, almost. The North Missoui-i 
Normal School, located at Kirksville, the county seat, is ably con- 
ducted, and had between 200 and 300 students last season. The 
Schools throughout the county are in a flourishing condition, and 
good buildings ai-e found in every district. Good floui'ing and saw 
mills are scattered throughout the county. The farmers thi'ough- 
out the country are an enterprising, energetic body of men, and 
arc rapidly accumulating wealth from the sale of stock, crops, &c. 
To the business man and farmer Kii'ksville and Adair county offer 
great inducements. The Kirksville Journal is the county paper. 
Pop. 1860, 7,890. Vote 1868, Ead. 894 j Dem. 264. 

ANDREW COUNTY 

Is bounded on the west by the Missouri and Nodaway rivers, on 
the south by Buchanan, and separated from the Iowa line by Nod- 
away county. Tlie land is fertile and rolling — more timber than 
prairie. The average product of fixrms is, of hemp, 600 to 1000 
lbs. per acre ; corn, 100 bushels ; wheat, 40 ; oats, 30 ; buckwheat, 
50; potatoes, onions and beets, immense crops; grapes flourish 
finely, producing 600 to 800 gallons of wine to the acre ; good 
yields of all kinds of grasses, and most varieties of fruit. The 
St. Joseph and Council Bluffs E. E. passes through this county. 
Water power has been improved, and is in use on the One-IIun- 
dred-and-Two, the Platte and Nodaway. Savannah, the county 
seat, is five miles from the Missouri river, and twelve miles from 
St. Joseph; high, healthy location. The New Era is published at 
Savannah. Pop. of county, in 1860, 11,011. Vote of 1868, Ead. 
1392; Dem. 516. 

ATCHISON COUNTY 

Is situated in the extreme northwestern part of the State. About 
half of the county is level and undulating, and the other half 
somewhat broken — commonly called "rolling" land. The soil 
is fertile, and well adapted to farming and grazing purposes. 
Corn, wheat, oats, hemp, and tobacco, are the principal products. 
Farmers and mechanics are gi-eatly needed ; land is cheap ; good 
water power, unimproved, upon the Nishnabotana, Tarkeo, and 
Rock Creek. Facilities for reaching market are offered by the 



120 

Miesouri river, which washes the western border of the county , 
and by the St. Joseph and Council Bluffs K. E., recently com- 
pleted. The Eockport Journal is the county paper. Pop. 1860, 
4,404. Vote of 1868, Ead. 777 ; Dem. 182. 

AUDRAIN COUNTY 

Is situated north from the centre of the State, and embraces an 
area of 680 square miles. The face of the country is generally 
rich, undulating praii'ie, interspersed with timber — about three- 
fourths being praii-ie. Being on the high lands, or <^ divide," be- 
tween the Mississippi and Missouri, the climate is healthy, and the 
numerous streamsj running north, south and east, fui-nish a good 
supply of water. The soil is well adapted to the growth of all 
kinds of grain, grasses, fruit and vegetables, and farmers will find 
excellent land, favorably located, at low prices, and a good demand 
for all kinds of produce. The county is traversed by the North 
Missouri E. E., affording good facilities for reaching market. 
Manufactories of woolen goods, farming utensils, carriages, wag- 
ons, &c., could be established at Mexico, the county seat. The 
Messenger and Ledger are published at Mexico. Pop. 1860, 6,569. 
Vote of 1868, Ead. 312 ; Dem. 279. 

BARRY COUNTY 

Is situated in the southwest corner of ihe State. The land is 
generally undulating and fertile, with a good division of prairie 
and timber. Great inducements are here offered to those wishing 
to engage in farming, mining, manufacturing or stock raising. 
There are few counties in the State where each of the above 
branches of industry can be prosecuted more successfully. All 
kinds of grain, fruit and vegetabl;s do well, and return an abun- 
dant yield. The great drawback to the southwestern part of the 
State, is the want of an outlet to market, but the people now hope 
for the early completion of the South Pacific E. E. The northern 
part of the county is well supplied with good building material, 
and lead ore, in considerable quantities, has been found, and mines 
are opened south of Cassville. There are five streams passing 
through the county, affording good water power, which can be 
improved to advantage. The Cassville Banner is the county pa- 
per. Pop. 1860, 8,008. Vote of 1868, Ead. 50 maj. 

BARTON COUNTY 

Is situated on the western boundary of the State. It is generally 
high table lands, level enough for agricultural purposes, but well 
drained. The land is principally prairie, interspersed with exten- 
sive groves of timber, consisting of linn, hickory, oak, locust, wal- 
nut, sycamore, cedar, cottonwood and elm, of which there will be 
sufficient for all practical purposes. The gravelly ridges are ad- 
mirably adapted to fruit culture. Coal is abundant in many parts 
of the county, and several beds have been opened and worked 
with success. Limestone and sandstone, clays and sands for build- 
ing are very abundant. The county is in a prosperous condition, 
and presents great inducements to stock growers and farmers. 



121 

A heavy immigration has been locating in this county during the 
past year. The Missourian is published at Lamar. Pop. in 1860, 
1,816. Vote of 1868, Ead. 48 maj. 

BATES COUNTY 

Is on the western boundary of the State, near the middle, on a 
north and south line, upon the dividing ground between the waters 
of Grand Eiver on the north, and Marias des Cigne on the south. 
The prairies are high, rich and rolling; the only poor land in the 
county being that upon the high, limestone ridges, which are cov- 
ered with timber. In the northwest portion of the county the 
prairies are large. The bottoms along the larger streams are 
well timbei'ed. Springs are abundant. Lands can be purchased 
here on very reasonable terms. A new county is talked of, to be 
formed from parts of Bates, Vei'non and St. Clair, with the coun- 
ty-seat at Belvoir, the head of navigation on the Osage river. 
The Reeord is published at Butler, county seat. Pop. 1860, 6,787. 
Yote of 1868, Ead. 782; Dem. 620. 

BENTON COUNTY 

Is situated in the west central part of the State. The general 
character of the country is broken ; about one-fourth being undu- 
lating prairie, (the north portion,) the remainder rough timber 
land. There are some excellent bottom lands in the central part 
under a good state of cultivation. The streams are cold, clear, 
rapid, and generally gravelly bottomed, and in many places the 
towering cliffs that overhang the streams, crowned by cedars 
hanging from fissures in the rocks, render the scenery truly grand. 
Excellent water power unimproved — a ca^iital opening for saw or 
grist mills. Warsaw, the county-seat, is the principal shipping 
point for this county. The S. W. Branch Pacific E. E. will pass 
through the adjoining coamty, north. The crops usually raised 
are corn, wheat, oats, rj^e, tobacco, &c. Stock-groAving has been 
profitable. Mules and horses valued at §50,000 have been annually 
sold from this county — driven South. Lead ore is abundant, and 
some of the most extensive deposits in the State have recently 
been opened in this county. Enterprising capitalists are about 
establishing saw and grist mills and smelting furnaces. Two pa- 
pers published at Wai'saw — the Tmes and Index. Pop. 1860, 
8,528. Yote of 1868, Ead. 705 ; Dem. 329. 

BOLLINGER COUNTY 

Is situated in the southeastern part of the State. The general 
surface of the county is broken, but the land is fertile and well 
timbered. Most kinds of grain and vegetables yield abundant 
crops. Beds of iron ore exist in the county, but have not, to the 
present time, been worked. Immense beds of kaoline, so highly 
prized in Europe, for the manufacture of porcelain or ii'on-stone 
china-ware, are found in this county. Also, pipe- or ball-clay, 
and extensive deposits of the best quality of fire-clay, for the 
manufacture of fire-bricks or " glass-pots/' and material for glaz- 
ing porcelain ware is also abundant. P. Woolford, at Paton P. O., 



122 

is erecting manufactories foi* making iron-stone china- and com- 
mon earthen-ware. The Iron Mountain E. E. (to Belmont) passes 
tnrough this county. There are excellent opportunitiesi for in- 
vestment. The Standard is published at Mai'ble Hill. Pop. I860; 
5,958. Vote of 1868, Ead. 331 ; Dem. 79. 

BOONE COUNTY 

Is situated near the centre of the State. The northern portion 
of the county is generally undulating — the southern portion 
principally broken. About three-fourths of the county is timber 
land, affording an abundant supply for all practical purposes. 
The soil is, much of it, of the bluff formation, and, from an anal- 
ysis made by Dr. Litton for the State Geological Survey, this is 
shown to be " the very best soil for wheat and rye in the State," 
and "well adapted to corn, tobacco, oats and grasses." In many 
portions of the county the soil is peculiarly adapted to fruit cul- 
ture. This county offers the immigrant a good variety of soil, an 
abundance of timber, inexhaustible beds of coal, excellent schools 
and good openings for any kind of business. Colnmbia is the 
" Athens " of this State, having the ably conducted State Univer- 
sity and several first-class educational institutions. The Missouri 
Statesnan is the county paper. Pop. in 1860, 14,494. In 1856, 
Columbia alone contained 1,542. Vote 1868, Ead. 177; Dem. 171. 

BUCHANAN COUNTY 

Is situated in the west northwest part of the State, bounded on 
the west by the Missouri river, which separates it fi*ora Kansas. 
This county is principally made up of undulating — commonly 
called '^ rolling prairie " land. There is a good growth of timber 
along the margins of the streams, and here and there fine groves 
upon the prairies. The soil is deep and very fertile, producing all 
kinds of grain, grasses, fruit and vegetables found in this latitude.* 
Some farmers have produced as high as 1500 lbs. hemp to the acre, 
125 bushels of corn, and pi'oportionately large crops of wheat, 
rye, oats, &c., and fruit and vegetables yield largely. The '^ Platte 
Country," of which this is a portion, has a world-wide fame for 
its fertility and deep soil. The climate is healthy, salubrious, and 
free from miasmatic influences. Farming implements, mill ma- 
chinery, household furniture, woolen and cotton fabrics, boots and 
shoes, and scores of other articles could bo manufactured here to 
advantage. St. Joseph, the commercial city of the county, is one 
of the most flourishing business points in the State. Being the 
terminus of the Hannibal & St. Joseph and St. Jo. and Council 
Bluffs Eailroads adds to its commercial importance. Capitalists, 
manufacturers, mechanics, farmers, and all classes of immigrants 
will here find great attractions. The Herald, Union, and Volks- 
hlatt are published daily and weekly. (For Early history and full 
description, see Missouri as it is in 1867, pages 193-198.) Pop. 
in 1860, 21,918. Vote of 1868, Ead. 1,931; Dem. 1,365. 

BUTLER COUNTY, 

In the southeastern portion of the State, is bounded on the south 



123 

by the Arkansas State line. A good portion of the land has been 
returned as " swamp land," but can principally be reclaimed by 
drains and levees. A portion of the south half of the county is 
frequently overflowed, which until drained makes it unlit for per- 
manent improvement. (vSee "Submerged lands," pages 30-38, 
"Missouri As It Is.") Some of the very best of farming lands are 
in this count}^, and, as an old resident says, " there are few local- 
ities where a farmer can make a comfortable living and lay up 
money easier than here." Of timber, the growth on the high 
ground is principally beech and white oak ; in the bottoms a mixed 
growth. Groves of cypress and black walnut flourish in the bot- 
toms of the St. Francis, a short distance from Chalk Bluffs. A 
large appropriation has been made to secure the opening of Black 
Eiver, for I'egular steamboat navigation to Poplar Bluffs. 

CALDWELL COUNTY 

Is situated in the northwest quarter of the State. The face of the 
county is principally undulating prairie, with an abundance of tim- 
ber in groves along the water courses. The soil is very fertile, 
and well adapted to farming and grazing ; embracing extensive 
natural meadows, an abundance of good stock water, a deep and 
lasting soil that produces all kinds of grain and fruit that grow in 
this climate, with but little waste land in the county. For manu- 
facturing purposes there is good water power on the Shoal, Log 
and Brush creeks, and Crooked Kun — unimproved, excepting on 
Shoal creek. Capitalists, manufacturers, mechanics, farmers and 
laborers of all classes will find good inducements for investment 
and choice localities for business. The Kingston Sentinel is the 
county paper. Pop. 1860, 4,931. Election of 1868, 437 Ead raaj. 

CALLAWAY COUNTY 

Is situated in the east central part of the State, and was first set- 
tled in 1818. The surface of the county along the river is level 
and fertile; the northern portion being broken and hilly, extend- 
ing out upon the ridge which divides the waters of the Mississippi 
from those of the Missouri. About one-third of the county is 
prairie. Beds of bituminous coal undei'lie the county, estimated 
to be eighteen feet thick in somep laces ; iron ore, marble, fine- 
grained limestone, potter's clay, and extensive banks of cannel 
coal are found in the county, all in quantities that pay for work- 
ing. Beds of very fine marble exist in this county, pronounced su- 
perior to any found in the United States, and inferior to none but 
Italian. This is situated but six miles from Fulton. This county 
embraces a great variety of soil and is adapted to the various 
purposes of agriculture, stock raising and fruit growing. A more 
minute description of this county will be found in "Missouri As 
It Is." The Missouri 2'elegraph is published at Fulton, the county 
seat. Pop. 1860, 13.135. Vote of 1868, Dem. 382 ; Ead. 202. 

CAMDEN COUNTY 

Is situated in the sou^h central part of the State. The face of the 
country is rolling, and some portions broken, and well timbered, 



124 

except in the extreme seutheastern comer. There is but little 
prairie in the county. The surface may be said to be made up of 
a succession of hills, valleys, and beautiful woodlands. The Boil 
IS rich and productive. The hills of the Big and Little Niangua 
are truly picturesque, while the water power of these streams, 
together Avith their fine forests of oak, walnut, cherry, and a va- 
riety of other timber, are objects of great interest to mechanics 
and manufacturers. A single spring on the Big Niangua fur- 
nishes water enough for any amount of machinery. Good flour- 
ing and saw mills, carding machine, woolen factories, grist mills, 
etc., would pay well upon the capital invested, as the water power 
is abundant, the raw material at hand, and the home market 
would fully equal the supply. There is both lead and iron in this 
• county. Pop. 1860, 4,631. Vote of 1868, Rad. 406; Dem. 132. 

CAPE GIRARDEAU COUNTY, 

In the southeastern part of the State, was first settled by French- 
men in 1794. (For a full history of the early settlement, see 
"Missouri As It Is in 1867," pages 207-211.) The southern por- 
tion of the county is mostly level ; the other portions present a 
moderately uneven surface, very little more than enough to insure 
good drainage, unless it be in the first range of hills adjacent to 
the Mississippi river, in the northeast part o-f the county, some 
of which are abrupt. It is a heavily timbered county — no prairie. 
The timber consists of poplar, ash, sugar-maple, cherry, elm, 
beech, and the varietis of walnut, hickoi'y, oak, etc., in abundance. 
The oak and poplar near the river has been pronounced the best 
in the Mississippi Valley for boat building purposes. The soil is 
very fertile, and produces an abundant yield of corn, wheat, oats, 
the different grasses, and tobacco. The diffei-ent varieties of 
fruits and vegetables ai-e cultivated with profit. The country is 
well watered, and good water ])ower on some of the streams. 
The city of Cape Girardeau ig built upon a solid bed of marble, 
which rock is very hard, compact, does not crack from the action 
of frost, and is within one per cent, of pure lime. This marble 
has been used in neighboring cities, to some extent, for building 
purposes. Besides, here ai-e beds of variegated marbles — the 
white and black, the purple, red and white, and the yellow and 
white, all susceptible of a fine polish. These marbles are all con- 
venient to the city. The country is increasing in population and 
wealth, and great inducements are offered to all classes of immi- 
grants. The most extensive iron manufactories in the West are 
being erected at Grand Towei", a short distance above Cape Gi- 
rardeau, by the " Grand Tower Iron and Coal Company," who 
will expend upwards of §5,000,000 in establishing their works. 
They have already completed a railroad, connecting with their 
Mount Carbon coal mines, to supply their works with fuel. (See 
" Simmons' Iron Mountain," in this work.) The Argus and News 
are both published at Cape Girardeau. V^). 1860, 12,734. Vote 
of 1868, Ead. 1,008; Dem. 839. 



125 

CARROLL COUNTY 

Is situated on the north bank of the Missouri river, in the north 
central part of the State. The general character of the country 
18 undulating or rolling, not very fertile, with a good supply of 
timber land, for all practical purposes. Almost every variety of 
location — bluff or valley, timber or pi-airie — can be found in 
this county, and many beautiful locations for large stock farms, 
for which the climate and location render this county peculiarly 
adapted. The soil is generally favorable to the cultivation of all 
kinds of grain, grasses, fruit, and root crops that flourish in this 
latitude. Stone coal is abundant ; lead ore has been found in va- 
rious localilies. Excellent quarries, suitable for grind stones, also 
good building stone, are abundant. There are in this county sev- 
eral mounds, rising from one to four hundred and fifty feet above 
the level of the surrounding country. Bogart's is the highest, 
then Stokes' Potata Hill Mound, etc. Out of Bogart's Mound, 
(situated a little Avay north of the centre of the count}',) is an oil 
spring, from which the people of that vicinity have taken oil for 
lubricating purposes for years. The North Missouri E. E. has 
recently been completed through the county. The Journal and 
Record, both published at Carrollton. Pop. 1860, 8,757. Vote 
of 1868 gave Eadicals 160 maj. 

CARTER COUNTV 

Is situated in Southeast Missouri ; the surface quite broken and 
heavily timbered, with fertile valleys which produce good farm 
products, while the slopes of the hill sides are well adapted to the 
culture of the vine, and all kinds of fruit. The same minerals so 
abundant in all the counties surrounding it also exist here — es- 
pecially iron and copper. The scenery along the Current river 
is truly grand. The steep, rugged cliffs of pure white limestone 
are overshadowed by pines of every size, from the beautiful little 
dwarf that clings to the sides and crevices of the projecting rocks 
to the giant old sentinels that tower up from the summit of the 
cliff. Here the cascades that rush through perpendicular walls, 
or murmur through the little valleys and natural bowers, tarrying 
here and there on the waj', in beautiful pebble-bottomed ponds, in 
whose crystal waters the speckled trout are found in abundance. 
This is a favorite section of the State for fishing and sporting par- 
ties. Most excellent water power exists along the Current river. 

CASS COUNTY 

Is situated on the very western border of the State. About one- 
eighth is bottom land, and very nearly all tillable. There is scarce 
a solitarj' 160 acres in the county but will furnish a good living to 
a large family. The surface is undulating, principally prairie, 
but a great abundance of timber — black walnut, hickory, all va- 
rieties of oak, sycamore, elm, locust, box- elder, black, blue and 
white ash, wild plums and native gi*apes very plenty. Valuable 
limestone quarries furnish an abundance of building stone. All 
kinds of grain, grasses, fruit and vegetables yield abundantly. 



126 

Both native juid cultivated tVuit of all kinds very plenty. Springs 
are numerous — stock water alnmdaiit — wells reached in 12 to 18 
feet — pure limestone water. Fine coal mines open eight miles 
south of Harrison ville, also numerous coal banks in western part 
of the count}'. Blue grass grows spontaneously. Excellent wa- 
ter power on the tributaries of grand river, for grist mills and 
manufactories. This is a splendid grazing country. The county 
is traversed by the Pacific railroad. Farmers, stock-growers or 
manufactui-ers will find rare inducements in Cass county. The 
Democrat, at Harrisonville, is the county paper. 

CEDAR COUNTY, 

In the soutnwestern part of the State, is undulating, with about 
an equal division of prairie and timber. Stone coal is abundant, 
but used only for neighborhood purposes. The soil is fertile, well 
adapted to all agricultural purposes, and especially to stock rais- 
ing and fruit growing. Unimproved Avater power upon the Big 
and Little Sac, and Cedar Creek. Silver mines have been discov- 
ered, and a ton of ore taken out which promises a profitable yield. 
The Stockton Tribune says — "The gentleman who is engaged in 
controlling the operations thus far is an experienced miner and 
scientific mineralogist. Having prospected through all the mining 
countries of the West, he now pronounces the country bordering 
on Sac river to be richer in minei-al wealth than any portion of 
California ever was." Pop. 1860, 6,442. Vote of 1868, Ead. 636 ; 
Dem. 234. 

CHARITON COUNTY. 

This county is situated on the Missouri river, in the north cen- 
tral part of the State. The soil and climate of " old Chariton " 
may be understood, when we state that this has for some years 
past been one of the largest tobacco growing counties in the State. 
Corn has been produced so exclusively in years past, as to be dull 
at ten and twelve and a half cents per bushel. The spontaneous 
products of the forests and prairies furnished an abundance of food 
for stock, so that there was poor demand for corn at home or 
abroad. Coal is abundant in eveiy region of the county, but only 
surface veins have yet been opened, except in one or two regions. 
(For a detailed history of Chai-iton county from its first settle- 
ment, description of the coal formation, and the statistics of va- 
rious crops grown — too lengthy for this work — (see "Missouri 
As It Is in 1867," pages 217"to 226 inclusive.) The Brunswicker 
aud Union are the two county papers — the latter at Keytesville, 
county seat. Pop. 1860, 9,851. Vote 1868, Dem. 838; Ead. 801. 

CHRISTIAN COUNTY 

Is situated in the southeastern portion of the State — Avas organ- 
ized in 1859. The iace of the country is undulating — some por- 
tions broken, generally heavily timbered, with excellent soil in 
the valleys and upon some of the uplands. (See description of 
Greene county, from which it was formed.) The soil and climate 
both adapt this county for fruit culture and stock growing. Ex- 



127 

tensive deposits uf iron ore have been ibiind in this county ; also, 
lead and copper ore, and the indications are that it will become an 
important mineral region. Pop. 1860, 5,325. Vote of 1868, Rad. 
573; Dem. 123. 

CLARKE COUNTY 

Forms the extreme northeast corner of the ^State, and is sepa- 
rated from Iowa by the Des Moines river, and from Illinois by the 
Mississippi. It is also watered by the Fox and Waconda rivers, 
which, with their tributaries, are skirted with groves of timber, 
while the rolling " divides " between them are prairie. This 
county is advantageously situated at the mouth of one of tho 
richest valleys in the great and fertile West. If the north line of 
the county were continued due east until it reached the Missis- 
sippi river, making Clarke a square county, it would give it about 
a dozen towns now in Iowa, including the cities of Keokuk and 
Fort Madison, all of which it now has for a local market, if de- 
sirable. The soil of the county is rolling autd fertile, well calcu- 
lated for farming purposes. The St. Louis and Keokuk E. R. is 
projected through the county. Fertile soil, plenty of timber and 
bituminous coal, and good home markets, are among the induce- 
ments to immigration. The Press is published at Waterloo. Pop. 
1860, 9,318. Vote 1868, Rad. majority, 820. 

CLAY COUNTY 

Is situated in the west northwest part of the State, on the 
Missouri river. The face of the country is somewhat bro- 
ken, and generally well timbered, with small prairies in various 
portions of the county. The soil is remarkably fertile, and the 
county well watered. This county is noted for its fine farms, and 
wealthy, intelligent farmei's and stock growers. According to a 
recent census, Clay was one of the most productive agricultural 
counties in the State . notwithstanding which, there were, at that 
time, 142,661 acres of unimproved land in the county. Clay was 
foremost to organize teachers institutes, and the citizens have al- 
ways manifested liberality and enterpi-ise in the support of schools. 
Farmers, manufacturers, mechanics, and business men of all class- 
es, will here find fertile soil, a healthy climate, abundance of tim- 
ber and building materials, good prices and a ready market for 
all products, either agricultural or mechanical, and an honest, in- 
dustrious and hospitable people. Two railroads now traverse the 
county — the Cameron branch of the II. & St. Jo., and the North 
Missouri. The Liberty Tribune is the county paper. Pop. 1860, 
9,587. Vote of 1868, 36 Dem. majority. 

CLINTON COUNTY 

Is situated in the Northestern part of the State, bounded on the 
west and south by .Buchanan, Platte and Clay, which separate this^ 
county from the Missouri river. About two-thirds of the area of 
this county is undulating prairie land, fertile and easily tilled; the 
the remaining one-third is timber land, confined principally to the 
water courses and vaUerj's. Blue and gray limestone, and sand- 



128 

stone, are abundant in some portions of the county, and there are 
indications of coal in several localities, though no thorough inves- 
tigations have been made, as fuel is plenty. Several of the streams 
are rapid, and have unimproved millseats upon them. Except in 
large prairies, springs are quite numerous. The soil is fertile, and 
will produce good crops of all kinds of grass, grain, fruit and veg- 
etables grown in this latitude. Two railroads pass through the 
county. Honest, industrious, loj'al farmers and mechanics will 
here find a healthy climate, good soil, and a market for all kinds 
of articles they can produce. The Register is published at Platts- 
burg. Pop. 1860, 6,704. Vote of 1868, Dem. 654; Ead. 601. 

COLE COUNTY 

Is situated on the Missoui-i river, near the centre of the State. 
The face of the country is generally rolling or broken, with thin 
soil, generally well adapted to the growth of small grain and 
fruits of all kinds. On the bottoms of the Missouri, Osage and 
Moreau, is good alluvial soil, very fertile, embracing, perhaps, one- 
fourth of the ai-ea of the county. The soil and climate are favor- 
able to fi'uit culture; the peaches seldom fail, and all kinds of 
fruit, including the gi'ape, yield abundantly. The interior of the 
county is drained by Moreau creek, which rises so rapidly, and to 
such a height, that it is, upon some maps, called a river. The 
Capitol of the State, Jefferson City, is located in this county, and 
the beautiful limestone from which the Capitol building is con- 
structed, is very abundant, forming a stratum of upwards of forty 
feet in thickness, in the bluffs upon which Jefferson City is situa- 
ted. Limestone, suitable for making hydraulic cement, is found 
in the bluffs above the city, and sandstone, for building, and sand 
and clay, for brick, are also abundant. Timber, in great vareity, 
and of good size, is found on the bluffs and in the valleys. (For 
history of Cole county, see ''Missouri As It Is," pages 233-235;) 
Both lead and coal are found in this county, but no systematic 
mining has been done. Jefferson City supports two papers — 
the Times and Tribune. Pop. 1860, 8,724. Vote of 1868, Ead. 
861 ; Dem. 752. 

COOPER COUNTY 

Is situated on the south side of the Missouri river, in the central 
part of the State. The surftice of the country is gently undulat- 
ing, and advantageously diversified with timber and prairie — 
there are few counties possessing a more equal division of what 
is BO desirable to farmers — prairie and timber land. The allu- 
vial soil occupies a large area in the bottoms of the Missouri, the 
Lamine and Little Saline, and is generally covered with a heavy 
growth of Cottonwood, sycamore, elm, box-elder, sugar-tree, 
white maple, red birch, white, black and blue ash, coffee tree, 
honey locust, the various kinds of oaks and hickories, red-bud, 
hackberry, willows and grape. The soil of the county at large 
is very fertile, and well adapted to all the purposes of agriculture. 
Springs, both fresh and mineral, are abundant — several of which 



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mimw;!' 



I'ff- % 



m 'fl'rJ 



mP 



129 

are classed as "brine" and "sulphur." Chouteau Spring, about 
ten miles from Boonville, has a wide reputation as a pleasant and 
healthy watering place. Water bursts from the earth in four 
places, within a short distance from each other. The amount of 
water discharged is ten gallons per minute, or 14,000 gallons per 
day, and the gas that escapes at least two gallons per minute. 
The most extensive manufactory in the county is that of the 
"Boonville Wine Compan}-," about one mile above Boonville. 
Their vineyard and orchard embraces upwards of 100 acres. 
(See illustration.) The lands are admirably suited to grape cul- 
ture. An extensive woolen factory, and an agricultural imple- 
ment manufactory are much needed, and would prove profiable 
investments. The Land Office for all the State north of Town. 
37 is at Boonville, which place is now connected by railroad with 
the Missouri Pacific, at Tipton. The Advertiser and Eagle are 
both, j)ub!ished at Booneville. Pop. of the county in 1860, 
13,591. Election in-1868 gave Grant 500 maj. 

CRAWFORD COUNTY 

Is situated southeast of the centre of the State. This has been 
called the "Mother of Counties," from the fact that for many 
years her borders extended to the western part of the State. 
County after county has, fi'onl time to time, been cut from her 
western and southern boi'ders, and the finale was accomplished in 
the formation of Phelps county, in 1857. The county embraces 
a great variety of soil — bottom, valley, table land, prairie and 
sandy soils. It is well adapted to corn, wheat, oats, grasses, fruit 
and vegetables. Stock growing would pay well here. The val- 
leys of the large streams are frequently heavil}^ timbered. Iron, 
lead and copper are abundant in the county, and coal has been 
found in two or three places. (For table, showing location of lead, 
iron, copper^and coal, see page 240, "Missouri As It Is.") Pop. 
1860, 5,650. Vote of 1868, Dem. 432 ; Ead. 386. 

DADE COUNTY 

Is situated in the southwestern part of the State. The face of the 
country is undulating, and in some portions broken — more prairie 
than timber. The soil is generally fertile, and well adapted to the 
various purposes of agriculture, horticulture, and stock raising. 
Water power is abundant — upon some of the streams unim- 
proved. Iron, copper and coal have been found in various parts 
of the county, but no mines have been worked to any considera- 
ble extent. Timber enough along the valleys for practical pur- 
poses. The mildness of the climate, abundance of native and cul- 
tivated grasses, and of stock water, render this county well adapt- 
ed to stock growing. * The Greenfield Vidette says farmers and 
mechanics of all kinds will find in this county good business loca- 
tions. 

. DALLAS COUNTY 

Is situated in the southwest central part of the State. Both the 
surface "and soil of the county are diversified. A portion of the 




130 

county is quite level, or uadulatii)g, and some parts broken and 
rough. The prairies have generally a sub-soil of red clay, which 
upon experiment has been pronounced well adapted to larniing 
pui'poses. The timber land is stony, but the soil is black and fer- 
tile in the valleys. The ridges, which by many have been consid- 
ered as barren and worthless, we find generally covered with 
wide-spreading arbors of native grape vines, yielding largely 
of several varieties of wild grapes, which is conclusive evi- 
dence of their adaptation to gi-ape and fruit culture. Bryces' 
Spring, in T. 34, E. 18, "rises in a secluded valley and flows away 
— a river." It discharges more than 126 cubic feet of wafer ))er 
second, or 10,927,872 cubic feet per day. Lead ore has been found 
xn several localities. Pop. 1860, 6,735. Vote 1868, Grant 620 j 
vSeymour 199. 

DAVIESS COUNTY 

Is situated in the northwestern part of the State. Surface gen- 
erally undulating — some portions nearly level — one-half prairie, 
the remainder hard-wood timber. The county is well watered, 
and forms a part of the '' Grand Kiver Countrj^," so famous for 
its fertility. The soil is well adapted to farming, grazing, and 
fruit growing. Stock growing is particularly profitable. Two 
papers ai-e published at Gallatin — the Missourian and Torchlight. 
Pop. 1860, 9,248. Vote of 1868, Radical 1089 ; Dem. 703. 

DEKALB COUNTY 

Is in the northwestern part of the State. The soils of the coun- 
ty are fertile, and well adapted to the culture of hemp, corn, 
wheat, oats, tobacco, etc. Ilemp has been regarded as the most 
profitable crop — yielding from 1000 to 1500 pounds to the acre. 
Small grains 3-ield abundantly. Horses, mules, cattle and sheep, 
do well, and stock raising is profitable. Building stone, clay for 
bricks, and hard-wood timber, abundant. The general surface is 
undulating, 'and divei'sified by prairies and Avoodlands. The Han- 
nibal and St. Joseph railroad passes through the southern boi'der 
of the county. The Maysville Register is the county paper. 
Pop. 1860, 5,244. Vote in 1868, Rad. 597 ; Dem. 703. 

DENT COUNTY 

Is in the S. E. central portion of the State — centrally situated 
on the dividing ridge, miscalled the "Ozark mountains." This 
ridge has veiy few of the characteristics of a mountain. It is 
here a wide table land having an altitude of about 1000 feet above 
St. Louis. The top of the divide is formed of the second sand- 
stone of the Missouri Geological Survey, and under this the third 
magnesian limestone. The stratum of sandstone is from 60 to 
100 feet thick, and covered with a yellow pine forest. Extensive 
white oak groves along the south side of the main divide and its 
branches between the water courses. Both timber and prairie 
lands are fertile — the former predominating. In the northern 
part of the county is an extensive specular "iron field, and in the 
southern, extensive hematite iron banks. The Simmons Iron 



131 

Mountain, at Salem, from a careful survey, laade in Oct., 1868, is 
estimated to contain about 40,000,000 tons of ore above the surface 
of the suri'ounding valley. (See illustration ; also., special article 
describing "Simmons' Iron Mountain.") Copper and lead have 
also been discovered in the county. The completion of the St. 
Louis, Little Eockand Galveston E. E., through this county, will 
add greatly to its wealth and population, by developing its nu- 
mei'ous valuable resources and advantages. Good openings are 
presented for capitalists miners, mechanics of all kinds, farmers 
and stock growers. The Salem Monitor is the county paper. 
Pop. 1860, 5,542. Vote of 1868, Ead. 210; Dera. 157. 

DOUGLAS COUNTY, 

In the seuthern part of the State, is generally sterile and broken, 
and a great portion of the land unfit for cultivation — valuable 
only for the excellent pine, oak and walnut timber that abound 
throughout the county. There are several saw mills and flouring 
mills, all propelled by water power, furnishing lumber and flour 
to adjoining counties. The soil and climate are well adapted to 
fruit and grape culture, corn, wheat, potatoes, turnips, ryQ, tobac- 
co ; and the usual varieties of grasses are profitably produced in 
the valleys. More mechanics are wanted, and persons. with en- 
ergy and capital to engage in grape culture; and, above all, a 
corps of good school teachers. Pop. 1860, 2,459. 

DUNKLIN COUNTY. 

Is situated in the extreme soiitheastern portion of the State, and 
extends 36 miles south of the general southern line — reaching 
30 deg. narth latitude. The shape of the county is oblong, its 
length north and south being 45 miles, with an average width of 
11 miles. The county is well watered — too well — by the White- 
water, St. Frangois, and nmerous lakes and ponds. This county, 
together with several adjoining, was severely injured by the earth- 
quakes of 1811-12, since which time a great partion of it has been 
what is termed "swampland." Many of these swamps can be 
reclaimed by drainage, with but little expense, and will then be 
among the most fertile lands in the State. The Legislature, in 
1849-50, passed a bill making an appropriation for the reclama- 
tion of swamp lands of southeast Missouri, but nothing of impor- 
tance has been done toward it. There are some good farms in 
the county, and the land is everywhere very fertile. According 
to the Surveyor General's Eeport, several portions laid down in 
the surve}^, and generally shown on maps as lakes or swamps, are 
now among the best farms in the county. (See "Submerged 
Lands," pages 30-38, "Missouri As It Is.") Pop. 1860,4,535. 
Vote 1868, 150 Dem. maj. 

FRANKLIN COUNTY 

Is situated in the southeastern part of the State, on the south side 
of the Missouri river, which forms its northern boundary. The 
sui'face is broken, consisting chiefly of ranges of hills, elevated 
from 100 to 300 feet above the level of the adjacent streams, and 



132 

often separated from each other by deep valleys — some of them 
very narrow, others wide.. The general direction of the main 
ridges are northeast and southwest. In the southern pax't of the 
county the sui'faco is very uneven. The numerous rapid streams 
afford an abundance of water, and the valleys are fertile, Frank- 
lin is one of the best timbered counties in the State, and there is 
but one small prairie in the whole county. This county is par- 
ticularly rich in minerals. There are fully thirty lead mines in 
the count}-, and several Scotch-hearth lead lurnaces. Brown hem- 
atite iron ore is found in several places in the southeast part of 
the county. This mineral region is traversed by the Southwest 
Branch of Pacific railroad, and by the Maramec river, affording 
superior facilities for taking the mineral to St. Louis. Fully half 
of the county is a lead-field, and ore may be looked for, in work- 
able quantities, in almost every section of land in this part of the 
country. The Progress is published at Union ; and the Free Press 
and Observer at Washington. Pop. 1860, 16,478. Vote of 1868, 
Kad. 1,624; Dem. 1,146. 

GASCONADE COUNTY 

Is situated on the right bank of the Missouri river, and next west 
of Franklin (last described), to which, in many respects, it is quite 
similar. The north and east half of the county is hilly and bro- 
ken, and in some places bold flint-hills or knobs occur, which are 
entii'ely destitute of timber and unfit for cultivation. The val- 
leys are very fertile, and a number of superior ftirms, of bottom 
land, are under a good state of cultivation. The prairies are 
small, dry and fertile. The county is very well watered. Along 
the banks of the Gasconade are a number of saltpetre caves, 
which wore profitably worked several years since. Some of these 
caves are large and interesting, consisting frequently of a succes- 
sion of roonxs joined to each other by arched halls of a consider- 
able height. This county is principally settled by Germans, who 
devote more attention to grape culture than to farming. Large 
tracts of land are occupied by well-cultivated vineyards, espe- 
cially in the vicinity of Hermann, and we are assured that gi-ape 
culture and wine making is more profitable than any other branch 
of agriculture or horticulture. However, all kinds of grain, fruit 
and vegetables produce well. (See chapter on Grape Culture in 
" Missouri As It Is in 1867." — too lengthy for insertion in this 
work.) The Yolksblatt is published at Hermann. Pop. 1860, 
8,456. Vote of 1868, Ead. 1,020; Dem. 184. 

GENTRY COUNTY 

Is situated in the northwestern part of the State, bounded on the 
north by the Iowa state line. The face of the country is undu- 
lating, diversified with prairie and timber, and well watered by 
Grand river and its tributaries. An excellent quality of bitu- 
minous coal has been found. The soil is very fertile and well 
adapted to the production of all grains and grasses suitable to this 
climate. The county is settled by intelligent, industrious people 



13:j 

and immigrants will here find excellent inducements for any kind 
of business. The Grand River News is puijlished at Albany. 
Pop. 1860, 12,043. Vote of 1368, 300 Ead. majority. 

GREENE COUNTY, 

Situated in the southwestern part of the State, is, topographically 
speaking, higher than any of the adjacent country, and the stream's 
are all clear and rapid. The prairies are large, rich and beautiful, 
skirted by timber along the streams, and in small groves. Occa- 
sional " barrens " intervene, which are stony and sparsely tim- 
bered. Though timber is not very abundant, there is sufficient 
for all practical purposes. The elevated ridges extend through 
this count3^. The soil is not as deep and fertile as in many por- 
tions of the State, yet it is considered a good agricultural district 
and is Avell adapted to the culture of all kinds of cereals, grasses, 
and produces an abundant yield of fruit. Peaches grow large, 
and seldom fail. The county is well watered, as is shown upon 
the map, besides large springs of clear, cold water are abundant, 
some of which furnish excellent water power for manufacturing. 
The South Pacific railroad will traverse the county when comple- 
ted. The variety of soil, mild and healthy climate, advantageous 
natural position, and certain market for all farm products, and 
remunerative wages for all kinds of labor are inducements which 
immigrants ai'e rapidly improving. The Government Land Office 
for Southwest Missouri is at Springfield. The Patriot, Leader, 
Gazette and Beal Estale Register are published at Springfield. 
Pop. 1860, 11,568. Vote of 1868, Ead. 1,304 ; Dem. 740. 

GRUNDY COUNTY 

Is situated in the noi'thern part of the State, about midway be- 
tween the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. The surfaee is undu- 
lating, and well watered by tributaries of Grand river. The table 
lands and divides are generally prairie, and the streams are skirt- 
ed with timber, affording sufficient for fencing and fuel if properly 
husbanded. However, groves should be planted, and then there 
will be no question about the supply. The soil is very rich and 
well adapted to all farming purposes. Turnips have been i*aised 
in this county by Mr. Osborn, which, after being closely trimmed, 
weighed eleven pounds three ounces ; and James Wynn has pro- 
duced corn, one ear of which contained 1383 grains, all well filled, 
and a radish weighing four pounds three ounces. Mr. Isaac Fro- 
man raised in one season, upon a piece of ground two feet by fif- 
teen, first ten bushels of onions, and afterward eight bushels of 
turnips. Farmers will find good land at low prices. Mechanics 
and machinists are wanted to supply the demand in their line. 
Excellent water power and good localities for saw and grist mills. 
Loyal, energetic men, from whatever clime, will hei'e find a hearty 
welcome, and cannot but reap a rich reward for their labor. The 
St. Louis and Omaha R. K. is projected through this county. 
The Republican is the county paper. Pop. 1860, 7,909. Vote of 
1868, Ead. 1,152; Dora. 250. 



134 

HARRISON COUNTV, 

Situated in the northwestern part of the Sttite, is bounded on the 
north by the Iowa state line. The surface is principally prairie, 
but in some sections broken. The timber is mostly confined to 
the margins of water courses, and consists of white, black, pin, 
and burr oak, walnut, sugar tree, maple, linn, sycamore, birch, 
cherry, cottonwood, hackberry, etc., which skirt the streams, and 
stand here and there in groves. The soil is generally fertile, and 
produces all kinds of grain, fruit and vegetables that grow in this 
latitude. There are several saw mills and three flouring mills on 
Grand river and Big creek, and other fine water power unim- 
proved. The inducements to immigration are — rich soil, good 
timber, healthy climate, clear, rapid streams, and good demand 
for all articles produced. This is an excellent county for stock- 
growing. Th^ Bethany Tribune is the county paper. Pop. 1860, 
10,646. Vote of 1868, Ead. 1,412; Dem. 472. 

HENRY COUNTY 

Is situated in the western part of the State. The face of the 
country is undulating — neither level or broken — about one-third 
timber and the remainder prairie. Early settlers hesitated about 
locating upon the larger prairies, owing to the lack of timber for 
fuel, but there have since been found extensive banks of coal, and 
these objections are-removed. So in many parts of this State, it 
will be observed that where a superficial examination indicates 
the absence of some important native element of wealth, deep 
research and thorough investigation generally prove the existence 
of hidden treasures, which more than compensate for the seeming 
deficiency. The soil is veiy fertile, and well adapted to all farm- 
ing purposes. The county is well calculated for stock growing, 
as timothy, blue-grass, clover, and native praii-ie grass grow finely. 
The Independent and Advocate are both published at Clinton. 
Pop. 1860, 9,865. Vote of 1868 gave Grant 300 maj. 

HICKORY COUNTY 

Is situated near the centre of the southwest quarter of the State. 
The land is generally fertile, undulating, and in some places bro- 
ken, with about an equal amount of prairie and timber land. But 
little attention has been paid to the culture of grapes, hemp, flax, 
or tobacco. An average crop of wheat is about thirty bushels to 
the acre; corn, 100; oats, 30; buckwheat, 12 to 15; potatoes, 60 
to 60 ; turnips, 300. Timothy, clover, and Hungarian grass do 
well. There is excellent water power on the Niangua and Pomme 
de Terre, unimproved. Very rich lodes of lead have been dis- 
covered, and are being worked. Pop. 1860, 4,820. Vote of 1868, 
Ead. 479; Dem. 112. 

HOLT COUNTY 

Is in the northwestern corner of the State. The general charac- 
ter of the surface is undulating or " rolling," Avith about an equal 
division of prairie and timber ; every portion well watered. The 
Missouri bottom varies in width fron\ three to ten miles, and is 



135 

exceedingly fertile, being an alluvial formation, and the soil in 
some places is twenty-three feet deep. The prairies are also ex- 
ceedingly fertile. There has been produced, several years in suc- 
cession, of corn, 125 bushels to the acre ; hemp, 1500 pounds ; 
oats, 40 bushels, etc. Hemp has been a certain crop, and the 
farmers seem inclined to devote their farms to the culture of 
hemp and tobacco, and the raising of stock, all of which will be 
immensely profitable. The county is traversed by the St. Joseph 
and Omaha R. E. The Sentinel is published at Oregon. Pop. 
1860, 6,590. Vote of 1868, Ead. 1,075; Dem. 137. 

HOWARD COUNTY 

Is situated on the Missouri river, in the north central portion of 
the State. The first settlement made in this section of country 
was in 1807-8, by Col. Benj. Cooper, Daniel Boone, the Hancocks 
and Bai'kloys. (See history of the early settlement of this county 
in "Missouri As It Is," pages 266-268.) The general surface of 
the country is undulating, and some portions are quite broken, 
principally covered with a good growth of timber, consisting of 
hickor}', black and white walnut, oaks of various kinds, black 
and blue ash, maple, cotton wood, coffee-bean, hackberry and 
honey locust. There are but four natural prairies in the county 
— Spanish Needle and Foster's on the upland, and Cooper's and 
the NVeedy prairie on the bottomland ; but, through the industry 
and enterprise of the pioneers, thousands of acres of nature's 
dense forest have been ti'ansformed into cultivated farms, now 
graced by the commodious farm house, and yielding abundant 
crops of all kinds of agricultural products. The soil of this 
county is exceedingly fertile, and produces an abundant yield of • 
all kinds of grain, grasses, fruit and vegetables — farmers having 
gathered as high as 1,500 pounds of hemp, from 1,000 to 2,000 
lbs. of tobacco, 100 bu. of corn,-40 of wheat, etc., to the acre. 
(See illustration of Lewis' Tobacco Works.) The Advertiser, at 
Fayette, and Times, Glasgow, are the county papers. Pop. 1860, 
16,077. Vote of 1868, Dem. 1256; Ead. 171. 

HOWELL COUNTY. 

Is situated in the southern part of the State, bounded on the 
south by the Arkansas line. (See Oregon and Texas counties.) 
The land is genei-ally broken and hilly, some pertions being high, 
fertile table land, well adapted to farming, and very nearly all 
suitable for fruit culture and grazing — two very pleasant and pro- 
fitable branches of industry. Timber of all useful varieties of 
large size and very abundant. Water power is so abundant that 
saw and grist mills, cotton and woolen factories, furniture manu- 
factories, etc., could be located in this and adjoining counties, 
to the number of one hundred or more. By many, this section 
is greatly underrated — is considered a barren, sterile region ; but 
if the counties and people along the line of the projected St. Louis, 
Little Eock and Galveston Eailroad, manifest a sufficiently liberal 
and enterprising spirit, they can secure the construction, at an 



136 

early day of what would be one of the beet paying roads iu the 
State, and insure them an outlet, both north and south, on the 
shortest practicable route between St. Louis and Galveston. The 
owners of land along the line could well afford to donate one-half 
or two-thirds of their property to insure the building of this road. 
Enterprising immigration would follow, new business centres b» 
established, farms, vineyards and mines developed, and lands 
more than quadrupled in value. (These suggestions should apply 
to Phelps, Dent, Texas, Shannon, Howell, Douglas and Oregon 
counties.) 

IRON COUNTY, 

In the southeastern part of the State, is very appropriately named. 
It is emphatically the Iron county of the Union, possessing prob- 
ably a greater quantity of iron ores, of purer qualities, than the 
same area of territory, any where else on the face of the globe. 
Pilot Knob, which towers 581 feet above the bloomery at its base, 
or 1,118 feet higher than the level of the Mississippi at St. Louis, 
covers an area of 360 acres, is principally of iron ore, which yields 
in working 65 per cent. Shepherd Mountain is situated about 
1 3-4 miles west of south from Pilot Knob. This formation is 79 
feet higher than Pilot Knob — is of an oblong shape, lying north- 
east and southwest, nearly two miles in length, by one in width. 
The ores found in this Mountain are magnetic and specular oxide, 
and a mixtui'e of the two. There are several other mountains 
and hills of iron. Lead ore, gold-bearing sand, immense beds of 
fine marble, kaoline, for the manufacture of iron-stone china ware, 
etc., are found in this county. The principal portion of the coun- 
ty is mountainous and broken, and a great proportion of the land 
unfit for general farming purposes, but generally heavily timbered 
with oaks, hickories, elm, ash, black walnut, hackberry, locust, 
red cedar and yellow pine. The valleys ai'e fertile, and many of 
the hill sides peculiarly adapted to fruit culture. Some of the 
farmers and fruit growers in Southeast Missouri have farms that 
now produce well, although they have been bearing crops for 
more than 25 years past. An extended, illustrative notice of this 
county, its histoiy and capabilities, will be found in '^ Missouri As 
It Is" — pages 274 to 279. Unsurpassed inducements for capital- 
ists and mechanics. Pop. 1860, 5,433, The Enterprise and Reg- 
ister are both published at Ironton. Vote of 1868, Ead. 308; 
Dem. 209. 

JACKSON COUNTY 

Is situated in the northwestern portion of the State, bounded on 
the north by the Missouri river, and on the west by the Kansas 
State line. The county has an undulating surface, with a desira- 
ble division of prairie and timber, underlaid with limestone, well 
adapted for building purpose, and is Well watered. The soil iB 
fertile, producing the heaviest yields of all kinds of agricultural 
products. The agricultural, manufacturing and commercial re- 
sources of Jackson county are second to but one or two in the 



157 

State, and in some respects it has no equal. Kansas City is al- 
ready one of the most important railway centres west o£. St. Louis 
— having in operation three continuous lines eastward — the Mis- 
souri Pacific, the North Missouri, the Kansas City & Cameron, 
and Hannibal & St. Jo. — two lines north, to Omaha and Leaven- 
worth ; the Union Pacific E. D. to Sheridan, 405 miles westward, 
with other lines building and projected south and southwest. The 
K. C. & Ft. Scott road is completed 20 miles. Kansas City is in- 
creasing in population, wealth and commercial importance more 
rapidly than any place west of St. Louis. According to a census 
jusr completed, the city has a population of 24,000 — of which, 
the Advertiser says, 10,000 have been added since the wai'. The 
first bridge across the Missouri river — to cost 82,000,000 — will 
soon be completed at this point. (For early history, statistics, 
&c., see " Missouri As It Is," pages 279-284.) The Post, Journal 
and Advertiser are published at Kansas City ; the Sentinel and 
Messenger at Independence. Vote of 1868, Dem. 3,052 ; Ead. 
1,441. 

JASPER COUNTY, 

Situated in the southwest corner of the State, is bounded on the 
west by Kansas State line, and separated from Arkansas by New- 
ton and MeDonald counties. The surface of the country is gen- 
erally undulating, with about two-thirds prairie, and the remainder 
timber land. The prairies are very fertile, interspersed with 
streams of pure running water, the courses of which are sidrted 
with timber. The southern part of the county is underlaid with 
mountain limestone, containing numerous and extensive deposits 
of lead and zinc. As an agricultural region, this stands high — 
all kinds of grain, grasses, fruit and vegetables yield good crops. 
The heavy yield of grasses, abundance of clear, cold spring branch- 
es, and the mild climate render this county well adapted for stock 
raising. Capitalists, manufacturers, farmers, mechanics, or any 
class of business men will here find ample scope for the profitable 
employment of their capital, labor and skill. Several unimproved 
sites for mills and manufactories on Spring river. The Banner, 
at Carthage, is the county paper. Pop. 1860, 6,974. Vote of 
1868, Rad. maj. 658. 

JEFFERSON COUNTY 

Is situated in the east central part of the State, bounded on the 
Mississippi river. In the northern and eastern portions of the 
county the land is generally undulating and tillable ; and in the 
western and southern, hilly and sterile. A great proportion of 
the county is heavily timbered, and the land more valuable for 
mineral than agricultural purposes. The best farming lands are 
found along the Maramec and Big rivers, the Platin, Sandy and 
Joaquim creeks. The scenery along some of the streams is beau- 
tiful, and the limestone bluffs above Selma and Eush Tower have 
an elevation of from 250 to 300 feet, which, at a distance, resem- 
ble artificial towers. There are no " gravelly ridges " but will 



138 

produce excellent fruit. Present indications are that this will 
prove one of the most profitable grape-growing districts in the 
State. One farmer has 9^000 peach trees in one orchard, and we 
seldom see better peaches anywhere. This county appears to 
contain an inexhaustible amount of lead ore; also, immense beds 
of iron, copper, white sand, etc., etc. New discoveries of lead 
are constantly being made, new mines opened, and smelting fur- 
naces being erected. Intelligent, enterprising immigrants, of 
whatever occupation, will here find good inducements. The Lead- 
er published at Hillsboro, is the county paper. Pop. 1860, 9,365. 
* Vote of 1868, Dem. 843 ; Ead. 766. 

JOHNSON COUNTY, 

In the western part of the State, is separted from the Kansas 
state line by Cass county. A great proportion of the county is 
fertile prairie land, level or slightly undulating, interspersed here 
and there with forest trees and small groves of thi'ifiy young tim- 
ber. The county is well watered by streams, many of which 
originate in never-failing springs. The numerous saline springs 
are highly prized by stock growers. Excellent limestone and a 
five-feet-thick vein of coal also exist here. A great proportion of 
the county is well adapted to agriculture, in all its branches. 
Stock-growing pays w&ll. The Pacific railroad traverses the 
county, furnishing a speedy transit for all farm products to mar- 
ket. The Standard and Journal are both published at Warrens- 
burg. Pop. 1860, 14,985. Vote of 1868, Eadical 1,512 ; Demo- 
cratic 861. 

KNOX COUNTY, 

In the northeastern part of the State, is separated from the Mis- 
sissippi river by Lewis county, and from the Iowa line by Scot- 
land county. The face of the country is undulating, with a desir- 
able division of prairie and timber land. The soil is well adapted 
to all farming purposes, and there is no better location for stock- 
I'aising. Cattle and sheep do very well. Land is good and cheap, 
Some farms are offered for less than the improvements cost. For 
years to come thousands of acres of excellent grazing land will 
be open for the free use of those who locate contiguous thereto ; 
and as there are seasons and circumstances which may combine 
to produce a failure of various crops, in every climate, stock-rais- 
ing, combined with farming, has greater advantages, less hazard 
and more certain profit than any one branch of industry. The 
Edina Watch7na7i is the county paper. Pop. 1860, 7,761. Vote 
of 1868, Ead. 750 ; Dem. 342. 

LACLEDE COUNTY 

Is situated in the south central part of the State, was formed in 
1849, from a portion of Pulaski, and named in honor of Pierre 
Laclede Liguest, the founder of St. Louis. The county is situated 
upon the high table lands of the Ozark range, and presents a va- 
riety of surface, from the level or moderately undulating prairie, 
to rugged hills and minia-ture mountains. In the vicinity of Big 



139 

Niangaa, Gasconade and Osage E'ork, the hills range from 150 to 
500 feet in height, separated from each other by deep and narrow 
valleys. The soil of the upland is various ; the light and gravelly 
portions are well adapted to fruit culture, and particularly favor- 
able for grapes ; while in the post-oak flats, the subsoil of clay 
comes nearer the surface. For many purposes this soil is supe- 
rior to the alluvial, and has produced as high as 55 bu. wheat per 
acre, from 800 to 1200 pound of tobacco, and most excellent tim- 
othy and grasses. There are in the county probably 100,000 acres 
of rich alluvial bottom land, much of which is under a good state 
of cultivation. Both iron and lead are found in the count}'. The 
South Pacific T-ailroad will soon be completed through the county. 
The Lebanon Chronicle represents the town as rapidly improving. 
Pop. of county in 1860, 5,200. Vote of 1868, Ead. majority 52. 

LAFAYETTE COUNTY 

Is situated on the Missouri river, sepai'ated from the Kansas line 
by Jackson county. The general character of the land is level or 
gently undulating — in some portions broken or rough. By pass- 
ing over the country between Marshall and Lexington, the trav- 
eler sees some as fine country as there is in Missouri. The soil 
throughout the county is generally very productive, and well 
adapted to all the purposes of the farmer or stock growei'. "We 
have statistics from farmers who have produced to the acre, to- 
bacco, 800 pounds / corn, 100 bushels ; wheat, 25 bushels ; timo- 
thy, 2 tons ; Hungarian grass, -3 tons, and fruit and vegetables in 
proportion. As high as 2200 pounds of hemp have been produced 
per acre. Farmers will see at a glance that this county is very 
well adapted to all tne purposes of agriculture. The class of peo- 
ple most needed are qualified school teachers, pi'actical farmers 
and mechanics, who have capital to improve land or establish 
manufactories ; also cai-penters, plasterers and masons. They 
will find here good schools and churches, good society, fertile 
farming land, healthy climate, wood and stone coal abundant, 
springs and rapid streams of water, etc. (See " Missouri As It 
Is," pages 293-297.) The Register and Caucasian are published 
at Lexington. Pop. of countv, in 1860, 20,440. Vote of 1868, 
Rad. 709; Dem. 543. 

LAWRENCE COUNTY 

Is situated in the southwestern part of the State, separated from 
the Kansas line by Jasper and Newton, and from Arkansas by 
Barry county. The face of the country is undulating, and in 
some sections broken, with prairie and timber well diversified. It 
is well watered by streams which have their sources at large 
springs, and are peculiarly clear and flow over gravel and rocky 
beds, affording good water power, which should be occupied by 
woollen factories, grist mills, &c. The valleys are fertile, well 
timbered, and susceptible of the highest degree of cultivation, 
while the high prairies, with their broad acres of grass, are un- 
surpassed for grazing. The mildnes of the climate and bountiful 



i40 

supply of living water, rentier this a desirable portion of the State 
for stock growing and fruit culture. The natural advantages of 
the county ai'e great, but like man}- other counties in the State, 
there is here a deplorable lack of energy manifest among the 
leading men ; consequently the various industrial pursuits are not 
represented in a manner corresponding with the advantageous 
location and natui-al resources. The spi-ightly Spring River Foun- 
tain says more general improvement has been made this season 
at Mt. Vernon than any year of its history. Pop. in 1860, 9,062. 
Vote of 1868, Ead. 850; Dem. 397. 

LEWIS COUNTY 

Is situated on the Mississippi river, in the northeastern portion of 
the State. The surface is undulating and diversified, about half 
of the county being well timbered with forests, distributed along 
the water courses, and separated by beautiful upland meadows or 
prairies, the soil of which is deep, fertile, and easily cultivated. 
Coal has been discovered near Monticello, and in some other por- 
tions of the county. Limestone abounds in various localities. 
The St. Louis and Keokuk railroad will traverse the county. AH 
classes of farmers, mechanics and business men will find good in 
ducements to locate here. The American and Democrat are pub- 
lished at LaGrange, and the Press at Canton. Pop. 1860, 14,681. 
Vote of 1868, Bad. 830; Dem. 126. 

LINCOLN COUNTY 

Is situated in the eastern part of the State, and possesses both prai- 
rie and timber — level bottom land, and undulating and broken 
upland. It is drained by Cuivre (or Copper) river, and its lengthy 
branches, and by several small creeks which empty into the Mis- 
sissippi. A wide bottom extends along the river, which is exceed- 
ingly fertile, and in seasons of very high water, portions of it are 
subject to overflow. The Troy ^(?ra?oJ is the county paper. Pop. 
1860, 14,251. Vote of 1868, Ead. 459 ; Dem. 393. 

LINN COUNTY 

Is situated in the northwestern portion of the State, and has an 
area of 650 square miles. The principal portion of the land is 
rolling prairie, interspersed with woodland. It is watered by up- 
wards of twelve streams, traversing the county from north to 
south, and emptying into Grand river. The larger streams are 
Locust creek, West Fork of Locust creek, Elk, Turkey, Yellow, 
and Little Yellow creeks, some of which afford excellent water 
power. The soil of the county is generally very fertile — princi- 
pally pi'airie, with a good supply of woodland well distributed. 
All kinds of grain, grasses, and fruit of this latitude produce well 
here. The timber most abundant here is walnut, elm, hackberry, 
oak, ash, cherry, hickory, mulberry, sycamore, linn, maple, birch, 
and Cottonwood. There is an abundance of good building stone, 
and inexhaustible beds of coal throughout the county. The Mis- 
sourian is published at Linnrous. Pop. of county in 1860, 9,152. 
Vote of 1868. Ead. 1,216 ; Dem. 650. 



141 

MONITEAU COUNTY 

Is probably the most centrally locatod county m the State. It 
presents every variety of surface, from the low alluvial bottoms 
of the Miasouri to the high prairie Ian s of the south and west, 
which rise to an altitude ranging froni 350 to 500 feet above 
the Missouri river. The surface is broken or hilly, with about 
an equal division of prairie and timber. The richest and deepest 
soil is found in the alluvial bottoms, in the northeast portion of 
the county, and in the valleys of the Moniteau, Moreau and 
their tributai'ies. There is an abundance of timber. There are 
a great many " sink holes " in the northern and western por- 
tions of the county, generally near the bluffs along the streams, 
which terminate in fissures or caverns in the rocks beneath. 
Rich beds of both "bituminous and cannel coal are found in the 
county, and mines are already worked to advantage in several 
parts of the county. Lead ore has been discovered at various 
localities in all those portions of the county where magnesian 
limestone forms the surface rock. A railroad has recently been 
built from Tipton to Boonville. The Pacific railroad traverses 
the county. Three papers are published at the county seat — the 
Loyal Journal, Missourian and Pickwickian — the latter monthly. 
Population in 1860, 10,202. Vote of 1868— Republican, 741 ; 
Democrat, 349. 

MONROE COUNTY 

Is situated about the centre of the northeast part of the State. 
About two-thirds of the county is timber — the prairies small 
and fertile. The general character of the county is undulating, 
and the timber consists of oaks, hickories, ash, elm, hackberry, 
walnut, buckeye, sugar-maple, linn and birch. The country is 
well watered, and numerous springs are found in various parts 
of the county. Williams' spring, at Paris, is one of considera- 
ble note. The soil is generally fertile and well adapted to all 
purposes of the farmer or stock grower. The higher rolling 
lands are well adapted to the growth of fine tobacco, which has 
been one of the principal staples of the county. This has been 
a good stock growing region from its first settlement. A large 
portion of the county is underlaid with workable beds of coal, 
and banks are opened in a few localities. Building materials of 
all kinds abundant. Farmers, mechanic?, steam mills, brick 
and stone masons are wanted. Good water power unimproved. 
The Paris Mercury is the county paper. Population in 1860, 
11,865. Vote of 1868— Democrat, 889 ; Republican, 124. 

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 

Is situated in the eastern part of the State, on the north shore 
of the Missouri river. The northern portion of the county is 
level prairie — the southern broken timber land. Cannel coal 
has been found in considerable quantities near Danville, and 



142 

bituminous coal near Wellsville ir< very abundant. The whole 
county is underlaid with coal. There are fine springs, good 
building stone, clay for bricks, etc. The soil is generally fertile 
and adapted to all the purposes of agriculture. Stock growing 
could be profitably conducted. Having the Missouri river on 
the south, for shipment, and being traversed by the North 
Missouri railroad, the county possesses superior commercial 
facilities. The Picket Guard is published at Montgomery and 
the ^S^ar at Danville. Population in 1860, 7,363. Vote of 1868— 
Eadical, 703; Democrat, 481. 

MORGAN COUNTY 

Is situated in the central part of the State. The surface of the 
county is undulating, with about an equal division of prairie 
and timber. The prairies and valleys along the streams are 
very fertile, and produce large crops of all the fruits, grains, 
grasses and vegetables that grow in this latitude. Load ore, 
bituminous and cannel coal, limestone and freestone are found 
in various parts of the county. The principal natural advan- 
tages of Morgan county are a healthy climate, fertile soil, good 
schools, an intelligent community, cheap lands, and a good 
market for produce ; and for building purposes good material of 
all kinds. It is said there is a cave in this county, near the 
Gravois, which opens at the base of a hill, and extends through 
it a distance of 200 yards — through which a person can easily 
ride on horseback. The Vindicator and Banner are published 
at Versailles. Population in 1860, 7,624. Vote of 1868— Rad., 
584;Dem, 376. 

m'donald county 

Is situated in the extreme southwestern corner of the State, 
bounded on the south by the Arkansas State line, and on the 
west by the Indian Territory. The surface of the country is 
broken, and much of the upland sterile and unproductive for 
some crops, but well adapted for fruit culture. The valleys are 
fertile and adapted to stock-growing purposes. The county is 
well watered by clear, rapid streams, some of which afford ex- 
cellent water power for mills or manufoctories, which would 
prove of great advantage to' the community, and profitable to 
the proprietors. The timber consists of oak, walnut, pine, ce- 
dar, wild cherry, etc. Probably four-fifths of the county is 
timber land. Farmers and stock-growers, with capital, and 
manufacturers to improve the excellent water power, are much 
needed. A good portion of the j'ear Elk river is navigable, by 
which produce is flat-boated down into the Arkansas to Fort 
Gibson and Van Buren, Ark. After disposing of the produce, 
the boats are readily sold at good prices. There is considerable 
lead ore in the northern part of the county. Population in 
1860, 3,976. Grant's majority, 152. 



Ui 



MERCER COUNTY' 



Is Situated on the Iowa State line, about midway between the 
two great rivers that wash either shore of the northern part 
of the State. The surface is level and undulating, with about 
an equal division of prairie and timber. The soil is generally 
fertile, and produces well, of all kinds of grain, grasses, fruit 
and vegetables. The count}'' has an abundance of excellent 
timber and building stone; strong, fertile soils, is very well 
watered, has a healthy climate and good demand for all kinds 
of produce. The Pineville Advance is the county paper. Pop- 
ulation in 1860, 9,286. Vote of 1868— Rad., 1,086; Dem., 379. 

MILLER COUNTY 

Is situated in the south central part of the State, and contains 
an area of about 570 square miles. The surface of the country 
is generally broken timber land, and with the exception of the 
valleys, the soil is thin and sterile. The county is intersected 
by the Osage river, which is navigable for small boats from four 
to six months in the year. Some good mill sites are found on 
Tavern and Auglaize creeks, and there is an abundance of ex- 
cellent sugar maple, walnut and oak for lumber. The soil and 
climate are well adapted to fruit culture and also to stock grow- 
ing. The yield of tobacco (a very profitable crop) is above the 
average. The common vai'ieties of fruit are abundant. The- 
county is Avell adapted to stock-raising. Grazing lands occupy 
a fair proportion of the county. Pop. 1860, 6,076. Vote of 
1868— Had., 571 ; Dem., 157. 

MISSISSTPPI COUNTY 

Is situated in the southeastern part of the State, and is well 
named, as the Mississippi river washes a good portion of the 
northern, eastern and southern borders of the county. The 
soil is rich, alluvial river bottoms — every way as productive as 
the delta of ancient Egypt. Owing to the peninsular shape of 
the county, and the fact that the James Bayou runs through its 
centre almost the entire length, having as much fall in 21 miles 
as the river has in 75, the land is susceptible of being drained 
at trifling expense. To protect the country from overflow, the 
county built some 30 miles of levee at an expense of nearly 
$100,000. The staple crop is corn, of which from 60 to 100 
bushels per acre are raised. Wheat thrives on the prairies. 
Vegetables grow to an immense size. Peaches yield finely. 
The pecon yields abundantly. Cotton, the great staple of the 
Southern States, matures finely in this latitude, and the soil 
seems admirably adapted to its growth, the yield being from 
two to four hundred pounds of lint cotton to the acre. In ad- 
dition to the grain and cotton crops, the various grapes are 
found to do well. Timothy, red-top, clover, herds-grass, millet 
and Hungarian yield from three to four tons to the acre. Fruit 



144 

of fir>o quality and excellent flavor is produced in abundance, 
and is almost an unfailing crop. The peach of this latitude is 
unsurpassed in the richness of its flavor, the firmness of its 
flesh, and the juiciness of its pulp, by those produced at any lo- 
cality north or south of us. All the smaller varieties of fruits 
and berries, such as cherries, plums, currants, gooseberries and 
the like, grow to great size and perfection. Sorghum, or the 
Chinese sugar cane, is a never-failing crop, attaining, with ordi- 
nary cultivation, to the height of twelve or fourteen feet, and 
yielding from one hundred and twenty to one hundred and 
forty gallons of syrup to the acre. The Iron Mountain Rail- 
road is now completed through the county, extending from St. 
Louis to Belmont, opposite Columbus, Ky. The Charleston 
Courier is the county paper. Population, 1860, 3,762. Vote 
of 1868— Dem., 328; Rad., 20. 

MACON COUNTY 

is situated in the northern part of the State, about equi-distant 
from the Mississippi and Missouri rivers,' and the Iowa State 
line. The surface of the county is undulating — in many places 
what is termed "broken." There are numerous singularly 
formed knobs, some of which are so regular in contour that 
they resemble more the work of art than of nature. The 
summit of the knobs seems to have been a common level, in some 
instances 200 feet above the general surface. A tendency to this 
conformation is first observed in township 60, in the northern 
part of the county, and extends down into 56, but they are seen 
in all iheir prominent characteristics in townships 58 and 59, 
north of the H. & St. Joe R. R. (For a full description of these 
knobs, and of this county, in detail, see " Missouri As It Is," 
pages 305 to 308.) This county, or a great portion of it, is un- 
derlaid by a stratum of bituminous coal, which is exposed in 
the banks of eight diff'erent streams along the line of the H. & 
St. Joe R. R., going west from Bloomington. This bed varies 
from one to nine feet in thickness, the maximum occurring near 
Bloomington. The land is well adapted for farming, and the 
editor of the Macon Argus gives fabulous accounts of large fruit 
and vegetables. The extension of the North Missouri R. R to 
Iowa adds greatly to the value of land in the north part of the 
county. Immigration large — prospects good — room for several 
hundred farmers. Macon supports two papers — the Argus and 
Journal. Vote of 1868— Rad., 1.221 ; Dem., 1,114. 

MADISON COUNTY, 

In the southeast part of the State, is one of the most intensely 
mineral counties in the State. The first settlement made in 
this section of country was at Mine La Motte, in 1722 or 1723, 
which mines were discovered by a Frenchman, whose name 
they bear. (For the early hidtory of those mines see pages 308 



f 



145 

to 313, " Missouri As It Is.") The Mine La Motte property was 
recently purchased by an Eastern company, who paid $623,000, 
The general surface of the county is uneven and hilly, and in 
some portions what may be termed " mountainous." The 
higher hills are generally composed of immense masses of por- 
phyritic stone. A great proportion of the county is unfit for 
cultivation, but some of the valleys produce well, and near 
Fredericktown there is a considerable body of fertile land. 
There is probablj- not in the world, besides this, a section of 
country of the same area, possessint; a greater variety of 
minerals, and in greater quantities than are found in Madison 
county. Gold, silver, lead, copper, tin, iron, platina, nickel, co- 
balt and manganese are found in quantities that pay a good profit 
for working them. The Iron Mountain R. E. extension to the 
Mississippi at Belmont passes through this county. The Con- 
servative is published at Fredericktown. Population in 1860, 
5,338. Vote of 1868—56 Radical majority. 

MARIES COUNTY 

Is situated in the central part of the State — was formed in 1855 
from the north part of Pulaski and the southern portion of 
Osage counties. The general surface of the country is broken 
timber land; however very good soil is found in the valleys of 
Spring creek, along the Maries, on tlje Dry Fork of the Bour- 
beuso, in Lane's prairie, and the adjacent timber lands. Stock- 
growing and fruit and grape culture could be profitably prose- 
cuted in this county. There are deposits of lead, iron and 
copper ores in various localities in this county, but little atten- 
tion has been paid to mining. The completion of the South 
Pacific Railroad, along the southern border of the county, will 
facilitate immigra,tion and increase the value of lands. 

MARION COUNTY 

Is situated in the eait north-east portion of the State. There are 
very few, if any, counties in Missouri possessing a more desira- 
ble division of prairie and timber, better soil and building 
material, or that is better supplied with water. Probably two- 
thirds of the surface is undulating prairie; the woodland is in 
thin groves along the margins of streams, extending here and 
there out into the prairies, and embraces hickories, oaks, black 
walnut, sugar tree, ash, sassafras, (some sassafras trees are two 
feet in diameter, and used for rails,) haws, elms, honey, locust, 
etc. Bituminous coal is abundant, underlying the greater por- 
tion of the count}'. Excellent building stones, clays, etc., abun- 
dant. The prairie soil is generally underlaid by a thick layer 
of silicious marl, which contains all the elements necessary to 
render it exceedingly fertile, and adapted to most purposes of 
farming, either in wet or dry seasons. Tbe county is well sup- 
plied with railroads, having the Hannibal and St. Joseph, from 
10 



146 

Hannibal, and West Quiuoy, forming a janclion at Palmyar 
thence west throuij;h the county. The Hanjiibal and St. Joseph 
R.R. Co. have still nearly 400,000 acres of land to sell along 
their line — office at Hannibal. This county supports four pa- 
pers : the Courier and South and West, at Hannibal j the Bap- 
tist Journal and Spectator, at Palmyra. Vote of 1868 — Radical, 
974 ; Democrat, 697. 

NEW MADRID COUNTY 

Is situated neai* the southeastern extremity of the State, 
bounded on the east by the Mississippi river, which separates 
it from Tennessee and Kentucky. This and adjoining counties 
embrace most of what is termed in the Government surveys as 
^' the Swamp Region." Through the eastern portion of the 
county passes Bayou St. John, which has its rise in the lakes of 
Scott county, and flows into' the Mississippi, affording ample 
facilities for draining the lowlands in the eastern part of the 
county. On our Avest flows the Little or White Water river, 
penetrating the ''Sunken Lands," and leading off into the St. 
Francis, south of the Missouri line, thence winding its way 
through the sunk land country, and finally emptying into the 
Mississippi a short distance above Helena, in the State of Arkan- 
sas, thus affording a ready channel for the drainage of all that 
portion of country, 'fimber is abundant and of excellent quality. 
Oak, ash, walnut, hickory, maple, elm, gum and all the smaller 
varieties abound on the table lands, whilst in the river bottoms, 
and along the bayous, towers the majestic overcup, monarch of 
the forest; the stately cotton, or whitewood, and the graceful 
cypress rearing its steeple-crowned head an hundred and" fifty 
feet towards the clouds. The soil is exceedingly fertile, and 
produces enormous yields of corn, wheat, oats, hemp, cotton 
and all root crops. Corn and stock, however, have been the 
staple products. It is estimated there is more corn raised here, 
at a better profit, than in any other county in the State. Cotton 
is being extensively grown, and there are now four cotton gins 
and presses, on© of them running by steam, in successful 
operation. One steam flouring mill, two or three steam saw 
and grist mills, and numerous corn mills, run by horse-power. 
(For a more lengthy description of this county, also a history of 
the earthquakes of 1811-12, see '• Missouri As It Is.") The New 
Madrid Record is the county paper. Population in 1860, 4,759. 
Vote of 1868— Democrat 342; Radical, 10. 

NEWTON COUNTY 

Is situated in the southwestern corner of the State, bordered 
on the west by the Kansas State line. The face of the country 
is generally undulating, with prairie and timber about equally 
divided. This county embraces some of the finest agricultural 
lands in Southern Missouri, both valley and upland. The val- 



147 

leys of nearly all the streams are rich and well timbered with 
oak, hickory, walnut, elm, haekberry, mulberry, and a great 
abundance of native grape vines. Indian, Hickory, Shoal, 
Copp's creek and Lost creek aflPord water power which is sel- 
dom excelled. This county is the heart or centre of what the 
State Geologist has pronouaced "one of the best lead regions 
in the world," Granby and Neosho are the principal mining 
and smelting points. Sulphuret of zinc has also been found in. 
a number of mines. Lead forms the principal staple of New- 
ton county, yet the agricultui'al pursuits will prove very remu- 
nerative. Soil well adapted to fruit culture. Stock-growing 
will pay well. Hopes are entertained of the early completion 
of the South Pacific railroad. (For more detailed statements 
see "Missouri As It Is," pages 387 to 34L) We present in this 
work an interior view of the Granby Smelting Works. Two 
papers, Gazette and Tribune, are published at Neosho. Popula- 
tion of county in 1860, 8,904. Vote of 1868— Radical, 778; 
Democrat, 208. 

NODAWAY COUNTY 

Is situated in the northwestern part of the State. It embraces 
both prairie and timber; the soil is feitile, undulating and some 
portions broken. As to fertility, the soil is hardly surpassed in 
the State. The county is well watered by the Platte, Hundred- 
and-Two and Nodaway, each affording excellent water-power 
for manufactories and mills. Coal in sufficient quantities for 
mining has been discovered in several portions of Nodaway 
county. Farmers, stock growers, manufacturers and mechan- 
ics will here find attractive inducements for investment and 
business. The Maryville Journal is the county paper. Popula- 
tion, 1860, 5,264. Vote of 1868— Radical, 1,104 ; Democrat, 518. 

OREGON COUNTY. 

Is situated on the southern line of the State. A great portion 
of the land is too rough and sterile for profitable cultivation — 
probably not over one-fifth being what can be considered farm- 
ing land. It is all naturally timber land — principally oaks, 
hickory, ash and walnut; but the north part of the county em- 
braces some fine large pine timber, which, to render available, 
must be sawed by steam mills — there being no water power 
convenient. Both lead and copper discovered in the county. 
It is probable the projected North and South railroad will pass 
through or near this county at no very distant day. Population, 
1860, 3,448. Vote of 1868— Democrat, 225; Eadical, 5. 

OSAGE COUNTY, 

Situated near the centre of the State, is bounded on the north 
by the Missouri river, on the west by the Osage, and four town- 
ships in its southern corner are traversed by the Gasconade, 
The general character of the country is uneven, and some 



148 

portions broken and sterile. The valleys and much of the table- 
land is fertile, and what are known as the " breaks of the 
Osage " have been discovered to be rich in lead ore. Pieces of 
iron ore have been picked up on the surface of several hills, and 
surface lead ore, yielding 80 per cent, of j)ure lead, has been 
found in a number of places near the Gasconade river. Excel- 
lent limestone abundant. The county is well timbered with 
oak, hickory, black walnut, etc., and saw mills would do well on 
the Gasconade, Osage or Maries. Several Germans are turning 
their attention to grape culture, and are confident that the cheap 
"flint hills" will produce more, with less labor, than more fer- 
tile soil cultivated for other purposes. Osage is not a first-rate 
agricultural county, yet there are several very excellent farms, 
yielding good crops. Population in 1860, 7,990. Vote of 1868 
— Eadical653; Democrat 633. 

OZARK COUNTY 

Is situated in the southern portion of the State, bordering on the 
Arkansas State line. As will be seen by reference to the map, 
it is well watered, and Little North Fork affords excellent water 
power. The general surface of the countrj^ is hilly or moun- 
tainous, and covered with forests of timber, consisting of oak, 
hickory and j^ellow pine, the latter attaining a great size. But 
little attention has been given to farming, but some farmers 
claim to have produced, per acre, as high as 90 bushels of corn, 
30 bushels of wheat, and 30 bushels of oats. There are four 
water power saw mills and eight water power flouring mills in 
the county. Much of the lumber used for building in several 
adjoining counties., west and northwest, was made in Oregon and 
Douglas counties, and probably as good yellow pine as there is 
in the State is found in this county. Population in 1860, 4,834. 

PEMISCOT COUNTY 

Is situated in the extreme southeastern corner of the State, 
bordering on the Mississippi river. This county is in the dis- 
trict that suflored so much from the earthquakes of 1811-12, 
and the numerous lakes sjiread over the county are left as " land- 
marks " of that unusual occurrence. The soil is very fertile 
bottom land, of an alluvial formation, heavily timbered with 
oaks, ash, elm, hickory, cotton wood, sycamore and cypress. 
The climate is probably as health}^ as any section similarly 
situated. All kinds of grain yield immense crops — wheat, oats, 
corn, rye, millet, etc., produce well. The grasses, water and 
climate are all favorable for stock-growing, for which no county 
offers greater inducements. Population in 1860, 3,191. Vote 
of 1868— Democrat, 147; Radical, 3. 

PERRY COUNTY, 

Situated in the east-southeastern part of the State, besides being 
watered on the northeast by the Mississippi river for thirty miles 



149 

is watered also by Apple, Saline, Cape Cinque Homrae and Bois 
Brule creeks. The surfixce is generally broken, well timbered, 
and the soil adapted to most agricultural products. • Both iron 
and lead ore have been found in the county, but no extensive 
mining done. An excellent quality of white marble is found 
also, which, when quarried, is soft, and variegated with blue; 
after having been polished the blue assumes a green tinge, and 
the marble hardens upon exposure. The Bois Brule (burnt 
wood) bottom extending along the Mississippi river — 25 miles 
long by a width of three miles — is one of the piost fertile allu- 
vians found anywhere. The immense yields of agricultural 
products from these bottoms are truly surprising. The soil of 
the county is admirably adapted to the cultivation of light 
tobacco, which is now one of the most profitable of all crops. 
The Union is published at Perryville. Population in 1860, 
10,017. Vote of 1868— Eadical, 602 j Democrat, 570. 

PETTIS COUNTY 

Is Situated in the west central part of the State. The principal 
timber of the county consists of groves situated along the 
streams, stretching some distance up their smaller branches, 
forming a fair proportion of timber land for the cultivation of 
the prairie of the count)\ The surface of the county is princi- 
pally prairie, and generally very fertile. Of farm products we 
have the following statistics of the yield: Grapes, 100 bushels 
per acre ; hemp, 1,200 lbs. ; tobacco, 800 lbs. ; flax, 200 lbs. ; corn, 
100 bushels; Avheat, 50 bushels; rye, 20 bushels; barley, 40; 
oats, 50 ; buckwheat, 20 ; potatoes, 150 ; timothy, 1^ tons ; clover, 
2 tons; Hungarian grass, 3 tons. Chinese sugar cane, fruit of 
all kinds and vegetables yield well. Large and lasting springs 
of clear cold water flow from the earth in various locations, and 
salt springs exist from which neighborhoods have manufactured 
their own salt. Coal, lead and iron exist in paying quantities. 
The county is traversed by the Pacific railroad. Several unim- 
proved sites for water power. Good openings for farmers, 
mechanics, manufapturers, etc. Sedalia is one of the most 
prosperous towns of its age in the State, and supports two 
paiiers — the Press and Times. Population of county in 1860, 
9,50"3. Vote of 1868— Eadical, 1,023 ; Democrat, 796. 

PHELPS COUNTY, 

Situated in the southeastern part of the State, was formed from 
Crawford county, and organized in 1857. The first settlement 
made in the county was at the Maramec Iron Works, located in 
township 37, range 6 west. Theso works are driven by a large 
spring, which is the chief source of the Maramec river, and dis- 
charges in the dryest seasons 10,000 gallons of water per minute, 
and with a fall of 12 feet, turns seven large water wheels, which 
drive a furnace-blast, forge blast, ancony forge, chaffery forge, 
bloom forge, grist mill and saw mill. Specular and hematite 



160 

iron ore are found in inaraonse quantities, and sulphuret of lead 
ore in several localities The surface of the country is rolling, 
the western portion being most broken, particularly in the 
vicinity of the streams, where (after ascending from the valleys) 
the soil is thin and the surface broken into rough ridges, whion 
are succeeded further from the streams by more moderately un- 
dulating slopes and bettor soil. Some of the finest farming 
lands in the county are in the woodlands and prairie, upon the 
divide between the Maramec and Borbeuse. The valleys are 
generally heavily timbered with white and bur oak, hickory, 
white and black 'walnut, maples, dogwood and thorn. Much of 
the soil is admirably adapted to fruit and grape culture. Good 
water power, principally unimproved, may be found upon Bear 
Creek, Little Pine}", Dry Fork, Maramec and Borbeuse. We 
have never visited the locality, but are informed that the Dry 
Fork, South Fork and North Fork of the Piney all sink into 
the earth and are lost sight of for ten to twelve miles, and again 
reappear near where the Pacific railroad crosses Big Piney — in 
a spring 40 feet in diameter and 20 feet deep, the water very 
clear and cold. The stream formed by this spring flows into 
the Big Piney abort 100 feet from the spring, affording in that 
distance water power, having a fall of eight feet. RoUa is im- 
proving, but the new town of St. James, as a manufacturing 
and business centre, is becoming the most important town on 
the railroad, and promises far to be a railroad junction at an 
early day. The Express and Herald of Liberty are published at 
Eolla. Population of county in I860, 5,211. Vote of 1868, 
Eadical 530, Democrat 405. 

PIKE COUNTY, 

Situated on the Mississippi river, is among the oldest counties 
in the State. The face of the country is undulating, and in 
many places near the river quite broken. Originallj' one-third 
of the county was prairie land, the remainder well covered with 
walnut, linn, hackberry, sugar ti-ee, olm, ash and black and white 
oak. There are numerous fresh water and saline springs in the 
county. The count}' is very well watered. It is underlaid with 
limestone, sandstone, soapstone, and the Missouri buhr stone is 
also found in some localities. The soil and productions are 
much the same as those of Ralls and Lincoln, which see for full 
descriptions. On the prairies, the soil is a deep black loam, ex- 
ceedingly fertile. That on the upland, especially on the ridges, 
is thin, and more particularly adapted to small grain and fruit. 
Among the natural advantages may be named good soil for all 
kinds of grain and grasses — most kinds ot fruits and vegetables, 
a healthy climate, good water, plenty of timber and coal in the 
western part of the county. Easy access by river to good mar- 
kets. The St. Louis and Keokuk railroad is under contract 
from the former place to Louisiana, The Republican and Jour- 



151 

nal are the county papers. Population in 1860, 18,338. Vote 
of 1868— Democrat, 1,503; Radical 990. 

PLATTE COUNTY 

Is situated in the southwestern part of the State, in the great 
bend, whei'e .the Missouri river changes from its southern to an 
easterly course. This county forms the southern point of the 
"Platte Purchase." The surface of the country is diversified 
with forests of valuable timber and undulating prairies, the 
soil of which is unsurpassed in fertility, and is generally well 
cultivated. The county is well watered by the Platte river, 
Brush, Rush and Bee creeks and their tributaries. In 1850, 
this county produced more hemp than any other county m the 
Union, more wheat and better than any other in Missouri, and 
was surpassed in the amount of corn raised by but one county. 
For particulars as to hemp culture and statistics of this county, 
see " Missouri As It Is," pages 357 to 360. The Landmark and 
News are published at Weston, and the Reveille at Platte City. 
Population of county in 1860, 18,495. Vote of 1868 — Democrat, 
758 Radical, 467. 

POLK COUNTY 

Is situated in the southwestern portion of the State. The to 
pography of this county is agreeably diversified with rolling 
prairies, picturesque hills and wooded valleys. The surface is 
generally undulating, except along the streams, where it is bro- 
ken in many places by rugged cliffs and rooky hills. The county 
is very well watered by creeks and springs. The most product- 
ive soils of the upland is on the limestone hills of the Sac and 
its tributaries, while the bottom lands of the same streams are 
unsurpassed in fertility. In some parts of the county the land 
is poor, and the timbered ridges too rocky and sterile for cultiva- 
tion. Tobacco is a sure and profitable crop. Corn, oats, wheat 
and timothy are considered as certain crops. Apples, pears, 
poaches and plums yield plentifully. Grape culture would prove 
very successful. Stock growing will probably be the most prof- 
itable business for farmers. Sheep thrive well, the climate 
being most favorable to their growth. There are four steam 
and five water power mills, two distilleries and four carding 
machines in the county. These remarks will generally apply to 
adjoining counties. The Dispatch and Free Press are published 
at Bolivar. Population in 1860, 10,030. Vote of 1868— Radical, 
892; Democrat, 413. 

PULASKI COUNTY 

Is situated in the south central part of the State. The country 
is generally broken — some of the hills and ridges attaining an 
elevation of from sixty to five hundred feet above the water 
courses. The so called " post oak flats " are less rough, and 
some portions only gently undulating, and others too low and 



152 

flat for cultivation in certain seasons of the year. The valleys, 
thouiJ:h narrow, are very fertile, especially the most extensive — 
called "Prairie Hollows." The valleys of the Gasconade and 
Big Piney rivers and Robideaux creek are heavily timbered with 
oaks, black walnut, hickory, maple, elm, Cottonwood, dogwood 
and basswood. All kinds of building materials are abundant. 
Specular, sulphuret and brown hematite iron ores are found in 
wurking quantiiies in several localities. Population in 1860, 
3,892. Vote of 1868— Democrat, 190 ; Radical, 176. 

PUTNAM COUNTY 

Is situated in the north central part of the State, bounded on 
the north by the Iowa State line, The eastern portion of the 
county is principally timber, while the central and western is 
prairie and timber diversified. The soil is fertile and well 
adapted to all farming purposes. Corn is the staple product, but 
all kinds ot grain flourishes. Stock growing has received con- 
siderable attention. Coal of good quality is abundant in various 
portions of the county. There are eighteen eaw millsand three 
flouring mills. Excellent openings for almost every branch of 
industry. The Republican, at Unionville, and the Record, at 
Butler, represents the interests of the county. Population in 
1860, 9,240. Vote of 1868— Radical, 1,265; Democrat, 248. 

RALLS COUNTY. 

The general surface of this county is broken and undulating 
— about five-eighths timber land and three-eighths prairie. The 
timber consists of black and white oak, hickory, elm, walnut, 
hackberry, sugar tree, ash, etc. As to fertility, the soil may be 
set down as above the average. It produces, i er acre, corn, 100 
bushels; wheat, 66 bushels; rye, 30; oats, 70; potatoes, 200; 
onions, 300, and other crops in proportion. Timothy and Hun- 
garian grass yield very well, while native prairie grass grows 
luxuriantly, affording pasturage from the middle of April to the 
middle of October. Saline springs in several localities. Stock 
raising has been carried on more extensively than any. other 
branch of husbandry. Sheep raising would pay well. There 
are eight steam and four water-power saw mills in the county. 
The farmer will find good unimproved land at fair prices, well 
watered, timber or prairie, plenty of coal in the western part of 
the county ; facilities for reaching market by river or railroad, 
etc. Population in 1860, 7,879. Vote of 1868—175 Radical 
majority. 

RANDOLPH COUNTY 

Is situated north of the centre of the State. The face of the 
country is generally level or undulating— about one-fifth prairie, 
•with timber abundant and convenient to most parts of the 
county. Limestone, oXay for brick, and building materials are 
Abundant. The soil is generally fertile, and well adapted to all 



us 

fanning purposes. Some valuable mill or manufacturing sites on 
the East Fork and Chariton river. Stock growing has proved 
very profitable. Coal abundant in nearly every portion of the 
county. The county is traversed by the North. Missouri rail- 
road, affording excellent facilities for transportation to market. 
For early history of this county, in detail, see "Missouri As It 
Is in 1867," pages 369 to 372. The Citizen is published at 
Huntsville. Population in 1860, 11,452. Vote of 1868— Demo- 
crat, 1,412; Eadical, 223. 

RAY COUNTY, 

Situated on the north bank of the Missouri river in the western 
part of the State, embraces a desirable division of prairie and 
timber land. The various kinds of oak, elm, hickory, walnut, 
maple, hackberry, etc. About two-fifths of the county is timber 
land, one-fourth bottom land, and over two-thirds tillable land. 
All kinds of grains, grasses, fruit and vegetables yield well. 
This county is admirably adapted to grazing purposes, being 
well watered, with an abundance of fine grass land range. Lime- 
stone springs are abundant, and some tar or oil springs in the 
county, sufficiently promising to induce companies to prospect 
extensively, by sinking oil wells. The North Missouri railroad 
to Kansas City traverses this county. The Republican and Con- 
servator are published at Eichmond. Population in 1860, 14,076. 
Vote of 1868— Eadical, 772; Democrat, 527. 

REYNOLDS COUNTY 

Is situated in the southeastern part of the State. The face of 
the country is rough and broken, heavily timbered with forests 
of yellow pine, ash, hickory, etc. Some of the high table lands 
are susceptible of cultivation, and the valleys and bottom lands 
are very productive. Many of the ridges, usually looked upon 
as worthless, contain the proper elements to render them very 
productive orchards and vineyards. Excellent water power for 
saw mills, iron and lead manufactories, mills, etc. Extensive 
deposits of hematite iron ore, and numeri)us beds of lead exist 
in various localities. Turpentine, rosin and lumber could be 
manufactured here profitably. Population in 1860, 3,320. 

RIPLEY COUNTY 

Is situated in the southeastern part of the State, bounded on the 
south by the Arkansas State line. The general surface of the 
country is broken and hilly. The uplands and ridges are tim- 
bered principally with yellow pine and red cedar — the former 
growing to an immense size, offering inducements to energetic 
capitalists for the manufacture of turpentine, rosin, wooden- 
ware, lumber, etc. Besides the above named, oaks, elms, walnut 
and hickories are abundant. The county is well watered by 
numerous bold springs and clear spring-streams, some of which 
afford excellent water-power. Population in 1860, 8,700. 



154 

SALINE COUNTY -. 

l8 situated neai' the center of the State, east and west, and is 
bounded on the northwest, northeast and east, by the Missouri 
river. The surface of the country is undulating, and is about 
two-thirds praii'ie. The deficiency of timber is more than com- 
pensated by the extensive bed of cannel or bituminous coal that 
underlies most of the county. The soil is exceedingly fertile, 
especially on the bottoms and upland prairies. It is well adapted 
to the culture of hemp and tobacco, hence for most other pro- 
ducts. Some farms yield, per acre, of hemp, 1,300 lbs. ; tobacco, 
1,200; corn, 100 bushels; wheat, 40; rye, 50; barle}', 60; oats, . 
50; buckwheat, 40; potatoes, 300; turnips, 400; clover, 4 tons; 
timothy, 3 tons; Hungarian grass, 5 tons, with a good return of 
apples, peaches, pears, etc. Springs, both saline and fresh, are 
numerous, affording excellent water for all purposes, agricultural 
and mechanical. Limestone, sandstone and lead ore exist in this 
county. The Progress and Banner are published at Marshall. 
Population in 1860, 15,032. Vote of 18r;8, 150 Radical majority. 

SCHUYLER COUNTY / 

Is bounded on the north by the Iowa State line. The 'surface 
of the county is undulating, and about one-third of it broken. 
It is all fertile, and susceptible of cultivation, about two-thirds 
timber, and the remainder prairie land. The soil and climate 
are well adapted to the culture of most kinds of grains and" 
grasses, yielding as follows : Wheat, 20 bushels; corn, 80; rye, 
25; oats, 40; buckwheat, 25; potatoes, 200; onions, 400; beets, 
500; turnips, 200; hemp, 600 pounds; tobacco, 1,000 lbs.; tim- 
othy, 2 tonH, and Hungarian grass, 3 tons per acre. The North 
Missouri railroad passes through the center of the county. The 
Excelsior is published at Lancaster. Population in 1860, 6,721. 
Vote of 1868— Radical, 500; Democrat, 240. 

SCOTLAND COUNTY 

Is situated in the north northeastern part of the State, bordering 
on the Iowa line. The surface of the country' is undulating, 
and consists principally of prairies. It is very well watered. 
The timber is principally oak, hickory, elm, etc. The soil is 
generally fertile and well adapted to farming or grazing pur- 
poses. For capacity of soil, etc., see description of Schuyler 
county. The Conservative and Reveille are published at Mem- 
phis. Population in 1860, 9,351. Vote of 1868— Radical, 775; 
Democrat, 707. 

SCOTT COUNTY 

Is situated in the southeastern part of the State, on the Missis- 
sippi river. In the northern and western part of the county 
the surface is broken and uneven, and many of the highlands 
and ridges underlaid with the same limestone so abundant at 



155 

Cape Girardeau — so superior for building purposes. The soil 
on the uplands is inclined to bo sterile and thin, while that of 
the valleys, prairies and bottoms is exceedingly fertile. The 
southern portion is covered with extensive cypress swamps, and 
where susceptible of cultivation is very rich and produces boun- 
tiful crops of corn, oats, tobacco, vegetables and grass. Some 
as fine vegetables as are grown in the State are produced in 
this county. The Iron Mountain railroad is now completed 
through the county, adding greatly to its prosperity. Farm- 
ers and business men would do well xo investigate. The Dis- 
patch is published at Commerce. Population in 1860, 5,247. 
Vote of 1868— Eadical, 254 ; Democrat, 230. 

SHANNON COUNTY 

Is situated in the southeast part of the State. The physical 
features of the county are similar to those of Reynolds county 
— generally broken and well timbered. The greater portion of 
the soil is well adapted to fruit and grape culture, and the val- 
leys to the production of grasses and cereals. The Current is 
a rapid stream, as its name indicates, affording an abundance 
of water power, which could be improved to advantage. But 
few farms are opened yet ; some, however, have produced per 
acre, of wheat, 30 bushels; rye, 30; oats, 30; potatoes, 150; 
turnips, 200; tobacco, 1,000 pounds, and an abundance of apples, 
peaqhes, grapes, etc. This county is rich in minerals, containing 
immense deposits of iron, lead and copper ores. Some gold 
has been discovered in hornblende and quartz rock, associated 
with magnetic iron ores — as yet entirely undeveloped. Copper 
ore, verj^ pure, abounds on Current river. A boat load was 
shipped to Europe some years ago, and sold in a crude state, at 
a high price. The Government has made extensive reserva- 
tions of the coppei* lands. Population in 1860, 1,978. Vote of 
1868— Dem., 172 ; Ead., 4. 

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 

Is situated in the eastern part of the State, occupying a narrow 
strip of land lying between the Mississippi and Missouri rivers,^ 
opposite the mouth of the Illinois — hence it is seen that two of 
the largest streams in America wash the shores of this county. 
The dividing ridge between the two rivers is rolling, and in 
some places broken. The bottom land is level and exceedingly 
fertile — about one-fourth prairie and the remainder timber land. 
There is about one-tenth bottom land. The timber consists of 
white, black, Spanish, red and post oaks, hickory, walnut, ash, 
cotton-wood, elm, hackberry, linden, sycamore, cherry, dog- 
wood, red-bud, etc. Of the upland, about two-thirds is til- 
lable. The soil yields abundant crops of all kinds of grains, 
grasses, fruits and vegetables. Many portions are well adapted 
for stock growing — affording excellent meadows and tame 



156 

grass pastures. AH classes of business men, farmers and 
stock-growers will find chances for profitable investment and 
lucrative business. The North Missouri railroad traverses the 
county east and west; the St. Louis and Keokuk will cross 
it north and south. The Sentinel and Cosmos and the Democrat 
are published at St. Charles. Population in 1868, 16,370. 
Vote of 1868—500 Radical majority. 

ST. CLAIR COUNTY 

Is situated in the west southwest part of the State, separated 
from the Kansas State line by Vernon and Bates counties. The 
surface is diversified and rolling, with a desirable division of 
prairie and timber. The soil is not as deep and fertile as in 
some other counties, but is well adapted to most farming pur- 
poses, and admirably adapted for stock growing. There is al- 
ways an active demand, at good prices, for all kinds of stock. 
This county contains some iron ore, and indications of lead. 
The Osceola Herald is the county paper. Population in 1860, 
6,256. Vote of 1868— Rad., 590; Dem , 315. 

ST. FRANCOIS COUNTY 

Is situated in the southeastern part of the State. The face of 
the country is rather broken, less than one-tenth bottom land, 
and about four-fifths tillable land. It is an excellent grazing 
country, and stock growing has been the principal business of 
the farmers. Good crops of corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., are 
produced, also very heavy yields of all kinds of fruit. Admi- 
rably adapted to grape culture. Well watered with clear, strong 
springs. Of minerals, there are copper, iron, lead, cobalt, nickel, 
etc. All that is wanting is capital and enterprise for developing' 
the mineral resources. Mines are already opened in at least 25 
different localities. Available water power on the St. Francois, 
Big River, Tar, Blue, Wolf creek. Back creek, etc. Several 
steam grist and saw mills in the county. Iron Mountain R. R. 
runs through the centre of the county. The Cook settlement 
is one of the best neighborhoods, and located upon the most ex- 
tensive and fertile tracts of land in Southeast Missouri. The 
Herald is published at Farmington. Population in 1860, 7,549. 
Vote of 1868— Democrat, 377; Radical, 254. 

STE, GENEVIEVE COUNTY 

Is situated on the Mississippi river, in the east southeast part of 
the State. The surface is generally hilly and broken — the val- 
leys and river bottoms fertile and well adapted to all farming 
purpo^^es. The limestone and white sand from this county are 
of very superior qualities, and are shipped to considerable dis- 
tances for building — and the sand for manufacturing glass. 
There are also extensive deposits of lead in the county. Popu- 
lation in 1860, 7,199. 



167 

ST. LOUIS COUNTY 

Situated in the eastern i»art of the State, occupies the point of 
land formed by the confluence of the Missouri with the Missis- 
sippi river, and contains an area of about 530 square miles. The 
surface is undulatinj^ and pleasantly divernified. The county is 
underlaid with a bed of what is named by western geologists as 
"St. Louis Limestone, " well adapted for building purposes as 
well as for the manufacture of lime. There are also, in the 
northern part of the county, immense quantities of fire-clay and 
hydraulic limestone, and coal in the eastern. The soil is gen- 
erally very fertile 

The City of St. Louis — the Metropolis of the Mississippi 
Valley. What can be said, in so small a space as this woi'k 
affords, of this substantial, compactly' built city — her numerous 
institutions of learning, and other public buildings, her hotels ; 
her commodious churches, palatial residences, extensive manu- 
factories, and all the varied features that combine to make up a 
prosperous and thrifty city of nearly three hundred thousand 
inhabitants ? St. Louis is built upon solid rock, the buildings 
are of marble or brick, and her business men, as a class, are as 
firm and reliable as the immovable rock. Their business char- 
acter, like their buildings, is based upon a solid foundation. 
The citizens are generous, hospitable, social, intelligent, liberal- 
minded, and need only the energy and enterprise of the Eastern 
people diffused amongst them, to place this city in the first rank 
among the great cities of this continent. As a manufacturing 
point, St. Louis has no rival in the West, and scarcely one on 
this continent — as far as her natural advantages are concerned. 
With the abundance and variety of all the useful minerals in 
their purest forms; of fuel, of a good quality, at a leasonable 
price; of timber, in great variety; of the adaptability of the 
soil and climate of our State to produce wool and cotton, and 
with the unlimited capacity of this great agricultural State to 
supply all kinds of provisions at a low rate, for the support of a 
dense population — combining in so high a degree these natural 
advantages, St. Louis is destined to become an extensive manu- 
facturing center, nor is there any good reason why this city shall 
not become, in time, as famous as Sheffield, Birmingham and 
Manchester, in the manufacture of metals, and of cotton, and 
woolens, and at the same time proportionately increase her al- 
ready extensive trade and commerce. The city is improving 
very rapidly. New manufactories are springing up; our rail- 
road lines are being extended in every direction ; larger and 
more extensive public and business blocks are erected each suc- 
ceeding 3'^ear than ever before ; new streets opened and paved for 
miles; our parks, when completed, will exceed those of any 
other city in number, extent or beauty; and our public libraries 
and educational institutions are excelled by those of no other 



158 

city. Intending to dovote a laci^c |-ortion of our January num- 
ber to the manufacture -1, trade aiui commerce of St. Louis, we 
forbear a more detailed statement now. We present in this 
work an enlarged map of the vicinity of St. Louis. 

SHELBY COUNTY 

Is situated in the northeast part of the State. The general sur- 
face of the county is rolling or undulating, with one-fourth 
timber land, embracing oak, walnut, hickory and elms. About 
one-tenth of the county is bottom lands, and probably three- 
fourths tillable upland. !'he soil is adapted to the culture of 
corn, wheat, lye, oats, barley, sorghum, hemp, tobacco, and all 
kinds of fruit and vegetables. Num-erous coal banks along 
Salt river and Ten-Mile creek. This country is unsurpassed for 
grazing purposes. Good water power on Salt river. Good 
flouring mills are greatly needed. A salubrious climate, fertile 
soil, and all facilities for farming, stock raising and fruit grow- 
ing, are inducements worthy the consideration of those seeking 
homes in Missouri. The Shclbina Herald is the county paper. 
Population in 1860, 7,718. Vote of 1868— Radical, 579; Demo- 
crat, 305. 

STODDARD COUNTY 

Is situated in the northeastern portion of the State. The north- 
ern portion is hilly and broken — the eastern and southern por- 
tions marshy and covered b}" swamps, to a considerable extent. 
This county, as well as Mi8sissii)pi and New Madrid counties, 
which join it on the east, suffered considerably by the earth- 
quakes of 1811-12. The uplands are not generally fertile, 
however produce good crops. The valleys and bottom lands 
are very productive. There are extensive bodies of cypress in 
some portions of the county, and the whole county is well tim- 
bered — embracing all kinds of oak, ash, hickory, black walnut, 
etc. Corn, tobacco, and all cereals grow finely. Bog iron ore 
abundant. First-rate winter range in the swamps, and good fa- 
cilities for stock growing. Population in 1860, 7,942. Vote of 
1868, 100 Democratic majority. 

STONE COUNTY 

Is situated in the southwestern part of the State, bordering on 
the Arkansas line — about three-fourths of the county timber 
land — ash, hickory, walnut and pine — the tillable land about 
equally divided between bottom and upland. Corn, wheat, 
oats, Hungarian grass, hemp, tobacco, sugar-cane, timothy, cot- 
ton, and all kinds of fruit yield good returns. Native grapes 
grow in abundance. This county is well adapted to stock grow- 
ing or raising fruit of all kinds. Excellent water power on 
the James Pork of White river, Crane creek and Flat creek. 
Grist mills, saw mills and carding machines needed. Lead 
mines have been opened recently, reported to be rich and exten- 



159 

sive. Climate healthy — land cheap. Good inducements for 
farmers and mechanics. Population in 1860, 2,363. 

SULLIVAN COUNTY 

Is situated in the north northeast part of the State. The prin 
cipal portion of the county is prairie, with an abundance of 
timber for all practical purposes. The soil is fertile, and 
adapted to all purposes of agriculture, horticulture and stock 
raising. The county is well watered, some of the streams 
affording water power. Stone coal is abundant, throughout the 
county. For particulars as to capabilities of the soil, see Grundy 
and Adair counties, adjoining on the east and west. The Her- 
ald is published at Milan. Population in 1860, 9,235. Vote of 
1868— Radical, 544 ; Democrat, 282. 

TANEY COUNTY, 

In the southwest part of the State, bordering on the Arkansas 
line, is generally broken and hilly. It is watered by White 
river and numerous tributary creeks, some of which furnish 
water power. The surface is covered with forests of timber, 
consisting of oak, hickory and yellow pine, some of the latter 
attaining an immense size. The soil is better adapted to stock- 
growing and fruit culture than to the ordinary agricultural pur- 
suits. Both lead and copper are found in considerable quanti- 
ties in the county, but no systematic mining done yet. Popula- 
tion in 1860, 3,540. 

TEXAS COUNTY 

Is situated in the south central part of the State. The surface of 
the country is generally hilly and broken, more particularly 
adapted to stock growing and the culture of fruit and grapes than 
for general farming purposes, the soil being generally thin and 
sterile. The county is heavily timbered with pines, oak, hick- 
ory, etc. The valleys of the streams, though narrow, are fer- 
tile, and produce good crops of most kinds of ftirm products. 
Lead and copper are reported to have been found. The Record 
is published at Houston. Population in 1860, 6,071. Vote of 
1868— Rad., 217; Dera., 84. 

VERNON COUNTY 

Is situated in the southwest part of the State, bounded on the 
west by the Kansas State line. The surface of the county is 
undulating, with a desirable division of prairie and timber land 
— the former predominating. The county is very well watered, 
the prairies and valleys iurnishing extensive ranges for stock, 
and being at present remote from railroads, stock growing 
would probably prove the most profitable business that could be 
engaged in. The soil is very rich, and yields abundant crops of 
all the grains, grasses, fruits and vegetables that flourish in this 
latitude. Farmers and stockgrowers will find excellent land at 



very low prices, an intelligent and industrious people, and an 
abundance of coal, with indications of lead ore and petroleum. 
Two railroads are projected to Fort Scott (Kansas) in the ad- 
joining county west. One of these will traverse this county. 
Population, 1860, 4,920. Vote, 1868, 256 Democratic majority. 

WARREN COUNTY 

Is situated in the east central part of the State, on the north 
bank of the Missouri river. The face of the country is undulat- 
ing — about one-fourth prairie, and the remainder timber land — 
the latter embracing the same varieties as those named in the 
description of St. Charles county, which joins it on the east. 
The soil is generally fertile, and jaeldsgood crops of wheat, bar- 
ley, corn, oats, sorghum, tobacco, potatoes, hemp, flax, clover, 
grasses, and all kinds of fruit. The county is well watered with 
clear, cold S])rings and streams. An abundance of excellent 
limestone, and some indicdtions of lead. Stock growing would 
prove remunerative. Woolen manufactories and tan yards are 
wanted. The town of Augusta offers superior inducements for 
the location of a woolen factory. With the Missouri river on 
one side and North Missouri railroad through the county, good 
land at fair rates, so near to the best of markets, are induce- 
ments not to be overlooked. The Warrenton Banner is the 
county paper. Population in 1860, 7,782. Vote of 1868— Rad- 
ical, 849; Democrat, 363. 

WASHINGTON COUNTY. 

The surface is generally hilly and broken, covered with for- 
ests of the different varieties of oak, white and black walnut, 
ash, mulberry, locust, linn, cherry, sugar-tree, buckeye, maple, 
pine, cedar, etc. North of Big river the land has a grey or 
marble appearance, with occasional exceptions, while on the 
south the general surface is remarkably red, resembling some 
counties in Virginia. An immense body of fine timber, known 
as " Pine Ridge," extends about 25 miles east and west, with an 
average width of five miles, covered principally with most ex- 
cellent pine timber — many of the trees two and three feet — a 
few nearly four feet in diameter, and upwards of 90 feet high, 
straight as an arrow. Several saw mills are in operation. 
There is an abundance of excellent water-power. Wherever en- 
gaged in, farming has i)aid well. AH kinds of giain grow well 
in proper localities, and fruit j'ields a'l>undaiitl v. Stock grow- 
ing is very profitable — ranges unlimited. This con my is par- 
ticularly noted for its mineral wealth. The first mining done 
in the State was in this county, and lias been coiitiniiod, almost 
uninterruptedly, to the present tiinr, imd, though ^ome of the 
old mines have been desert •<!, i' in luinil}' probulilc that ai any 
locally the mineral has been exnau^ied As high as 3.000,000 
pounds of lead, per annum, have b.-en made m this county uc- 



m. 

cording to returns from the 14 furnaces then in operation. The 
new zinc manufactory at Potosi is a success beyond all anticipa- 
tions, and others are about being erected. The county is tra- 
versed by the Iron Mountain railroad, and affords superior in- 
ducements to capitalists or men of small means, who would make 
fortunes at mining or manufacturing. The Journal is published 
at Potosi. Population, 1860, 8,034. Vote of 1868, 308 Demo- 
cratic majority. 

WAYNE COUNTY 

Is situated in the southeastern part of the State. The face of 
the country is broken — probably not more than one-third of the 
upland is tillable. About one-third bottom land. The timber 
consists of pine, oak, ash, sugar-tree, hickory, white and black 
walnut, etc. Corn, wheat, oats and tobacco yield well, and 
meadow grass is not excelled anywhere. Apples, plums, pears, 
grapes, all yield abundantly. A pumpkin raised this season by 
a farmer measured 73 inches in circumference, and weighed 150 
lbs. A mine of bismuth has been opened in this county, that 
aside from its value in bismuth gives promise of being rich in 
silver. Lead, copper, tin, iron and other minerals abound, and 
recent discoveries warrant the prediction that Wayne will be- 
come one of the richest mineral counties in the State. Excel- 
lent water-power, rapid streams, and large springs. Good graz- 
ing country east of the St. Francis. Population, 1860, 5,086. 
Vote of 1868, 200 Democratic majority. 

WEBSTER COUNTY 

Is situated in the south central part of the State. The general 
features of the county are rugged and broken — ^well timbered 
with pines, oaks, hickory, maple, etc. The valleys and some 
of the uplands are fertile, and produce good crops of grain, and 
the hill sides and table lands are specially adapted to grape and 
fruit culture. The Marshfield Yeo7nan says Mr. Gregory, late of 
Wisconsin, an experienced hop-grower, has a few acres under 
cultivation, and states that he never saw vines look better. They 
are free from all the damaging agencies that are making such 
ravages in the yards in New York and Wisconsin. Stock grow- 
ing has proved more profitable than other bi'anches of farming, 
and has received more attention. The South Pacific railroad, 
soon to be completed, will traverse this county. Both iron and 
lead in this county, and silver is reported to have been found. 
Population, 1860, 6,880. Vote of 1868, Radical, 214 majority. 

WORTH COUNTY 

Was recently formed from the northern part of Gentry county, 
bordering on the Iowa State line, in the northwestern part of 
the State. The face of the country is undulating and rolling — 
about one-third timber land, consisting of oak, walnut, hickory, 
maple, ash, elm, linn, cottonwood, etc. The soil is generally 



162 

fertile, and well adapted to the production of all kinds of grain, 
grasses, fruits and vegetables — except peaches, which have been 
unsuccessful. Excellent grazing county. FlotTring mills and 
manufactories needed. An excellent site will be donated to any 
one who will establish a mill or woolen factory. The Enterprise 
is published at Grant City. 

WRIGHT COUNTY. 

Situated in the southwestern part of the State, upon the high 
table lands of the Ozark range, this county presents a great va- 
riety of surfaces, from the level or moderately undulating 
prairie to the rugged hills and miniature mountains. The soil 
in the valleys and here and there on the uplands is fertile and 
produces very satisfactory crops. Farmers have raised good 
crops of hemp — say 1,200 pounds to the acre ; tobacco, 1,200 j 
corn, 75 bushels, and other grains, grasses and vegetables in pro- 
portion. The gravelly portions of the upland are Avell adapted 
to fruit culture, and particularly favorable for grapes. Stock 
raising will always pay well. Lead ore has been found at nu- 
merous localities in the county, but no mines opened that have 
been reported. Po'sulation in 1860, 4,508. Vote of 1868, Kad- 
ical majority, 198. 



MISSOURI BOOKS AND MAPS. 

The following named works will be sent by mail or express, 
prepaid, on receipt of price given below : 



MISSOURI AS IT IS IN 1867. 4,58 pages. Octavo. The best work ever 
issued descriptive of the State and its resources ; witli latest township maps and 
13 full page illustrations $3 50 



MISSOURI HAND-BOOK. 16.5 pages. 12mo. Giving description of the State 
by counties ; with geological maps 1 00 

Same, witli township maps 80 

GEOLOGICAL MAPS OF MISSOURI, showing location of the various min- 
erals found in the State 75 

Same, without cover 50 

NEW MAPS OF MISSOURI AND KANSAS, and Railroad Map of the United 
states, with Tables of Distances on Western Railroads 1 00 

THE WESTERN QUARTERLY 1 OO 

Sectional Maps of Missouri, Kansas, Iowa and Nebraska at regular retail prices- 
say 1 50 

Address N. H. PARKER, St. Louis. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



53"Persons writing to make more particular inquiry about any of the property 
advertised in " The Quarterly," will please name the NUMBER of the tract. 



1. 

WE HAVE FOR SALE, to any party who will take an interest in developing the prop- 
erty, one-thint interest in the justly celebrated Cole Camp Mines, situated in Benloa 
county, and the Hickory County Mines — embracing, in all, 8,040 acres of carefully se- 
lected mineral lands. From a very complete report made up<in this property by Prof. B. F. 
Shumard, endorsed by Prof. Swallow, formerly State Geologist, we condense the follow- 
ing statements : 

LOCATION. — A large portion of the lands are near the Osage river, navigable for steamers 
six or nine months annually. The Southwest Pacific will pass through a portion of the 
property. Although on the elevated table lands, and in some valleys, "one can travel in 
almost any direction on horseback, and over the larger portion in a carriage. Location high 
and healthy. 

Soil. — The bottoms are heavily timbered and soil very prodiictive. One-half thft prop- 
erty is tillable land, yielding corn, wheat, rye, oats, bailey, hemp, tobacco and various 
vegetables. No better portion of the State for fruit. As vine lands they are not excelled. 
Scarcely a quarter section that does not yield a plentiful supply of the most nutritive 
kinds of grasses. ^ 

Of Timber — More on every quarter section than will be needed for mining or agricultu- 
ral purposes, and leave a large surplus, which may be disposed of at the Osage river at good 
prices. Much of the timber is of great value for making buildings, and also for mamifat- 
tiiring furniture. 

Of Water — The supply is abundant. Besides the tributaries of the Osage river, b^ld 
and limpid springs of cool, healthy water, abound throughout the entire region. 

Minerals. — "There is scarcely a section upon the property that does cot present ec- 
couraging mineral prospects. In almost every part of the area, masses of mineral have 
been picked up in the washings of the streams and in the debris of hillsides and valleys. We 
may therefore confidently anticipate that further researches will develop the existence of 
highly productive mines upon parts of the property where no discoveries have hitherto been 
fnade." 

"The ores discovered upon your property consist of the sulphurets of lead, copper, xinc 
and iron, and carbonate of copper. The sulphuret of lead (galena ) occurs in horizontal 
sheets, intercalated between the strata, in masses scattered through the superficial clays and 
debris, afid in veins extending, it is believed, to great depths beneath the surface. It is 
scarcely possible, from the amount of work done at the mines, to determine with certainty, 
the nature of all the veins, but that some of them are true veins and of great richness 
there can be no doubt. The ore throughout the entire region is remarkably pure. K 
specimen from Cole Camp Mines, analyzed by Prof. Litton, gave sulphur 13:86-100 per cent. 
Lead 85:43-100 per cent." 

Sulphate of Baryta, has become an article of such commercial importance, that during 
the year 1866, upwards of 8 000,000 lbs. were shipped from Washington county, and extensive 
mills have been erected, where it is ground and shipped to the eastern cities, .and half the 
demand cannot be supplied. "There is scarcely a section of land in this property where 
this baryta is not found, in layers varying from an inch to several feet in thickness. It is. 
remarkably compact and pure. 

Copper Ores have been discovered in several diggings, increasing in quantity and ricB- 
ness with the descent. 

Iron, of the brown hematite variety and excellent quality, has been found so frequently as 
to justify the belief that it will be found in abundance upon these lands, 

"The close proximity of this property to the Osage river will enable the proprietors te 
tran.-iport the minerals to market at small expense." 

" There is also every reason to believe that new mineral discoveries will be constantly 
made upon your lands, and that important mines will be opened in places where no develop- 
ment.-5 havehitherto been made. In support of this opinion I may remark that all the mines 
which I saw in Hickory county, save the Brown Diggirigs, wore discovered and opened by 
Mr. Stearns, during the three months preceding my visit." Twelve mines are reported 
upon in this pamphlet. 

53" At $50,000 for one-third interest in this property, this is a rare chance for investment. 
The product from one quarter section may produce more than that amount. Terms of pay- 
ment satisfactory. Correspondence solicited. The published report, with geological maps 
of the property, will be furnished and full particulars cheerfully given by application to 

WESTERN FARM AND IMMIGRATION COMPANY, 

27 South Fourth Street, ST. LOt'IS. MO. 



]| ADVERTISEMENTS. 

MISSOURI FARiUS AND mVCULTIVATED LANDS. 



AUDEAIN COUNTY. 

39. 

C) f\f\ ACRES, fenced and cultivated, 40 .acres timbered, best quality land, one-hatf utilt 
/W yjyj from Sturgeon, good house, 5 rooms and outbuildings. $27 per acre. 

40. 
pf p^rv ACRES, 300 acres in a high state of cultivation, 80 acres meadow, young orchard, 
OOU good touBe, outbuildings and water. $26 per acre. 

12. 
Q O rv ACRES prairie land, about nine miles from North Missouri Railroad, and within 
ij/^\J a mile of the located line of the Louisiana and Missouri River Railroad. $'J pe< 
acre — half cash, balance one year. 

13. 
£*f\ ACRES prairie, in south part of the county, eight miles from Railroad. $10 pei 
OU acre. One-half cash, balance one year. 

19. 
f* 4 ACRES choice land, 44 cultivated, under good hedge fence. The best orchard in the 
04 county. 200 bearing apple trees and plenty of other fruit. Living water — $2,000 — 
part on time. 

ATCHISON COUNTY. 

41. 

•| OQ A ACRES on the Little Tarkeo river, ten miies from the Missouri, lies beautifully 
J,.-^Ol_/ for farming purposes, and is rich land, suitable for wheat and hemp. $10 pet 
acre. Several 120 acre tracts at the same price. 

BAERY COUNTY. 
1.11. 

ACRES good mineral land in T23R23 — selected years ago for its minerals. About 
9 miles from CassviUe, the county seat. $6 per acre. 

152. 
ACRES good farming land in T 25R 28— only 2 miles from the line of the South- 
west Pacific Railroad. $6 per acre — part on time to actual settlers. 

BATES COUNTY. 

50. 

ACRES timber, good soil ; 35 miles from Warrensburg, 12 miles east of Butler, sis 
miles east of Papinville. $6 per acre. 

BENTON COUNTY. 

3. 

1 on ACRES prairie land— E 4 S E « secticn 22, T 43, R 21 and S E M of S W X section 
l/^KJ 14. T 42, R 22, containing 120 acres, of which 100 is the very best quality of prairie 
land, and 20 of small timber. It is well watered, and will make a very choice farm, as it is 
on one of the best prairies in the Slate, with improved farms on three sidi's of it. Situated 
on the stage road between Sedalia and Warsaw. A railroad is projected near this property. 
Price $12 per acre, cash. 

167. 

1fi[~\ ACRES, one mile from Duroc Ferry on Osage river, and 12 miles below Warsaw 
O V^ — directly on the county road between Warsaw and Versailles — 1 mile from steam- 
boat navigatiiui. Price $3 per acre — Very cheap! 

5. 
Of\ .4CRES Prairie land, good soil — S J of N W k section 11, T 42, R 22— one mile from 
OU abjve tract. $10 cash. 

4. 
■Qrv ACRES excellent prairie in same townships as above, only two miles from the vil- 
■CjyJ lage or Cole Camp. Price $13 per acre. 

146. 
Gf\ ACRES splendid prairie land. 1 mile from the town of Cole Camp, and 23 miles from 
OV/ Pacific Railroad at Sedalia. $10 per acre. 

149. 
QA ACRES good prairie land on stage roftd from Sedalia to Springfield — 23 miles south 
OU from Sedalia, 2 miles from stage station (good hotel), and 13 miles from Warsaw — 
a brisk growing town. Only $9 per acre — part on time. 

I4T. 
I C} (\ ACRES of first quality of land — 100 acres prairie — 20 acres small timber. Well 
1/^\J watered. Improved farms on three sides of the land. On stage road from Sedalia 
to Warsaw — (daily mail both ways) . 22 miles from Sedalia and 12 miles from Warsaw, the 
county seat. Will make one of the best farms in the county. Price $12 per acre — part o« 
time 



480 

286 



192 



150 



320 



ADVERTISEMENTS. iii 



ACRES, fenced, 60 tlinber,near Columbia; two donWe log hoaeet^ large barn, sta- 
ble, corn crib, and outbuildings. $15 per acre. 



BOLLINGEE COUNTY. 



49. 

ACRES, east half of section 10, township 28, range 8 east — 60 acres cleared, log 
cabin, fruit trees, etc., on road from Dallas to Greenville. 



[Wanted — a party with capital to manufacture Ironstone Chinaware, from the Kaolin i» 
this county. Chance for a fortune.] 



500 



BOONE COUNTY. 

47. 

ACRES, adjoining New Franklin, two miles from Boonville, 250 acres fenced, and 
a fine body of timber. This tract is excellent hemp land. Price, $26 per acre. 
44. 

I^AA ACRES, adjoining Columbia, and near the University, near good schools and 
jtjyjyj churches; 200 acres of bottom land, balance upland, all cultivated, or in blue 
grass. The house cost $10,000, has all necessary outbuildings, and is in the best order. 
Price very low, $30 per acre. 

45. 

"7 Af\ -^f-^ES, near Columbia, 500 fenced, timothy, clover, and timber on the balance ; 
# 4lw two story frame house, eight rooms, barn, stables, cribs, and outbuildings. $20 
per acre. 

48. 
O A A ACRES, cultivated and fenced; double hewu log house, three rooms, cabins, and 
'^yjyj stables. $12.50 per acre. 

49. 

IK A ACRES, fenced — timber — near Columbia; 2 double log houses, large barn, stable, 
*J\) corn crib and outbuildings. $15 per acre. 

BUTLEE COUNTY. 

46. 
O K ^Ari ACRES fine land, ranging in price from $5 to $10 per acre. Well timbered, 
OtJjOv/U good water, and excellent farming land, near the contemplated railroad from 
St. Louis to Memphis. 

BUCHANAN COUNTY. 

42. 

1 /? A ACRES — 15 cultivated — excellent oak, hickory, cherry and ash timber; beautiful 
IDV/ location, in sight of St. Joseph, only 4 miles distant. New 2-tory owelling, Land 
principally used for pasturing stock for the city. Good soil; watered by two springs ami- 
running stream. $7,680. 

CALLAWAY COUNTY. 

57. 

QOQ ACRES, 160 cultivated, all fenced, 18 miles north of Jefferson City; double los 
/400 house, weather-boarded; barn, corn-crib, tobacco barn, orchard. $10 per acre — 
cash. 

56. 

K /:» A ACREJS, half mile from Jefferson City ferry landikg, 460 acres in cultivation, bal- 
»JU V auce limber; double log house, stable barn, &c. $60 per acre. 

54. 

Q A ACRES timber, adjoining the celebrated Cannell coal fields, between Fulton and 
0/^\J the river. $8 per acre. 

52. 
a Af^ ACRES. 160 cultivated, balance timber, 1 mile south of Boydsville, 12 miles west 
/O^Vy of Fulton; double log house, baru, stables, corn cribs, out buildings, ice house, or- 
chard, cistern and well. $12,50 per acre. 

55. 
Q O n ACRES, 12 miles east of Columbia, in Boone county, 25 miles from Mexico ; 26U 
O-^U acres fenced, balance blue-grass and timber; large house, 2-story kitchen, barn, 
cribs, stables, &c. f 20 per acre. 

53. 

1 Q A ACRES, 4 miles from Jefferson City, on state road to Columbia, 90 acres rich bot- 
lOU torn lajid in cultivation, bahmce upland timber; two log cabins, two springs, and 
good range fsr stock. Price, $35. 

51. 
1 OA ACRES, 80 cultivated, balance timber, 1 mile south of Boydsville; double log houas 
L^yj IJ story, 2 cisterns, barn, stable, corn crib, ice house, orchard and well. $12,50 pot 



tci« 



ir ADVERTISEMENTS. 

COOPER COUNTY. 

99. 

1Q ^/~\ ACRES, all under plow or in blue-grass — 2 frame honses, 2 complete sets of 
,OU W farm buildings, hemp barn and fine orchard. $40,000 

COLE COUNTY. 

94. 

•|£J/^ ACRES, 82 cultivated, balance timber; good land for wheat and tobacco — log 
X D \J house of 5 rooms, stable and a good spring — on the river 5 miles above Marion. — 
Price, $3,000. 

7.5. 
O A (~\ ACRES, near Lookout, on Pacific Railrrad — 60 'cultivated, balance timber — 100 
/^ t: V-/ bearing apple and peach trees; good wheat and tobacco land, and lead has been 
found. Price, $3,600. 

116. 

Ififi ACRES, 12 miles from Jeflerson City, 5 miles from Claysville, on Missouri riyer, 
yjyj 80 acres in cultivation, balance timber and bottomland; double log house, barn, 
stable, outbuildings, corn cribs, &c. $25 per acre. 

1.53. 
Q^y/f ACRES 18 miles from Jefi"erson City — in T 42, R 13 west — partially timbered — 

I ^ good farming land, underlaid with traces of coal and iron. $7 per acre. 

1S4. 

1 £?/^ ACRES in adjoining township east, and of the same character as the above — $7, 



40o^' 
640 



280 



CEAWFOED COUNTY. 
11. 

ACRES, well adapted for grape culture, adjoining the depot in the town of St. Cloud 
Southwest Pacific Railroad. $30 per acre. 

39. 

ACRES, well timbered and watered lands, adjoining Ransom's Furnace, and 
abounding in lead and copper; probably very valuable. $5 per acre. 

DENT COUNTY 

58. 

ACRES in Dent County, embracing an IRON MOUNTAIN, — the ore of very su- 
perior quality, and the supply inexhaustible. $10,000. 

FEANKLIN COUNTY. 

61. 

K rxri ACRES, 2 miles east of Franklin, on the Pacific Railroad, half of it cultivated; 
tjyjyj good six room frame house, orchard, and good water. Price, $60 per acre. 

6-2. 
/?f)rk ACRES, 8 miles west of Union, the county seat, and close to the new rock road 
O/^ U from St. Louis; heavily timbered, principally white oak. Price, $7 per acre. 

121. 
Q A A ACRES flrstciuality fruit land, and well adapted for farming purposes. Soil unsur- 
t)V/U passed for richness — well watered, heavily timbered with ash, oak, hickory, wal- 
nut, elm. &c. It is within a mile and a half of Labadie station on Pacific R. R., 42 miles 
west of St. Louis, only half a mile from the Missouri river, convenient to both river and 
railroad. One-half the timber will pay for the land, besides the expense of cutting and de- 
livering to railroad or river. Price $50 per acre — terms to suit. 

60. 

THE " LoIIa Lead Mines," embracing 200 acres in Sec. 10, T. 41, R. 2 west, in Frank- 
lin county. 

155. 
1 /< 1 I ACRES rich lead land, in sec. 23, T 41, R 1 west. Some of this land is under cul- 
1 ft 1 2 tivation, but valuable chiefly for lead and barytes, which exist in great abundance. 
Price for the lot— $8,000. 

GASCONADE COUNTY. 

63. 

Qr»A ACRES on the Osage river, well timbered, with white and black oak. $3,60 per 

64. 

Q O /^ ACRES— about half of this tract is good bottom land, covered with black walnat, 
iJ/^\J — the balance is upland, covered with oak, without undergrowth; good water. — 
$10 per acre. 

GENTEY COUNTY. 

63. 

ACRES, unimproved; southeast qaarter of section 24, township 61, range 32. 
Splendid laud. $10 per acre. 



160 



ADVERTISEMENTS. V 

HENEY COUNTY. 

20. 

A A fi ACRES in T. 43, R. 24 — well improved, with dwelling house, barns, stables, two 
■t:41U wells, several never-failiiig springs, good orchard, excellent meadow, plenty of tim- 
ber, and a superior vein of coal. 15 miles from Sedalia on Pacific R. R., and one mile from 
proposed depot of Tebo and Neosho Railroad. $36 per acre. 

HOWAED COUNTY. 

72. 

11^ A A ACRES, 3 miles from Fayette, being seven farms with good improvements, and 
^ I \J\J a flue mansion house of seventeen rooms, piazzas, and porches, large lawn in 
front, enclosed by iron railing ; this house and appurtenances cost $20,000. The farm houses 
are new, and cost respectively $1,000, $2,500, $3,000 and $5,000; the hemp, grain and other 
barns and stables on the estate cost $20,000. 

86. 
i) AA ACRES, 10 miles from North Missouri Railroad, 6 miles from Fayette, county 
/^yjyj seat, on Moniteau Creek. Price, $1,500. 

81. 
1 Q /< ACRES, 6 miles from Boonville, bottom land and timber. $7.50 per acre. 



1,480 



T8. 
ACRES of pine land, 14 miles from Pilot Knob. $12,000, 



lEON COUNTY. 

74. 

ACRES pine land, with complete STEAM SAW MILL, all necessary buildings, 
and 50 acres in cultivation. $4,000. 
8o. 
Q i) A ACRES pine land, containing lead and KAOLIN, close to the celebrated Harrison 
O/wV/ Mines, will be sold for $5, but may be worth $500 per acre. 

83. 
O C) A ACRES, 8 miles southeast of Ironton, well timbered, and part rich bottom land ; 
O^yJ north half of section 29, township 32, north range 4 east. Price $3,000. 

90. 
O Q A ACRES, 2 miles from Brunot postofflce, 8 from Patterson, 25 from Pilot Knob ; 50 
■O <^\J acres cultivated, balance timber, good spring. $2 per acre. 

82. 

4KAA ACRES, 12 miles from Pilot Knob and the railroad; STEAM SAWMILL, 12 
jtjyJxJ horse power. Price of the whole, $23,146. 

96. 

1Q A A ACRES of pine land, with a STEAM SAW MILL COMPLETE, now running; log 
j^XJXj houses, and 50 acres cleared, fenced Bnd in cultivation. Price, $6,000. 

,2,000 

171. 

4 I Q ACRES Developed Lead Land — 250 good farming land — 100 cleared — South 
L /i/ from Ironton on the line of the Iron Mountain Railroad extension. Price $6,000 
for the whole tract. 

JACKSON COUNTY. 

73. 

(K A(\ ACRTiS, 2 miles from Lee's Summit, and 1 from Greenwood, both depots on thePa- 
04tU citlc Railroad, and 18 miles from Kansas City; 300 acres under good fence and in 
cultivation, 40 acres of good timber, new frame house, four rooms; would divide into two 
well watered farms. $25 per acre. 

JEFFEESON COUNTY. 

97. 
Q\Q\Q\^ ACRES, near Pevely, 90 in cultivation, large orchard ot choice fruit, large lot of 
/^ ,^ /ill small fruits, vineyards, etc., 30 acres meadow, goodhouse, out-buildings and water, 
tine cellar and plenty of stabling. $40 per acre. 

91. 
-| f\^ ACRES, about 1\ miles from Bailey's Station, 30 miles from the city, 40 acres fenced 
\Ai /^ and cultivated, balance timber, 480 choice budded fruit trees, 2,5iX) grape vines, etc., 
etc.; house. $4,600, part on time. 

88. 
-| cy K ACRES IJ miles from Sulphur Springs, on Iron Mountain R. R. — 25 acres cleared, 
J. I cl balance timber ; all good, rich bottom laud; small house, outbuildings, and good 
water. $40 per acre. 

76. 
^QQ ACRES I| miles from Bailev's station, on the Iron Mountain R. R. — 10,000 grape 
ifCKjyj vines, 1,200 bearing apple, 400 peach trees, and thousands of budded trees for plant- 
ing out — good house and buildings. Price, $12,000 — worth double. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



8T. 



O A ACRES, 3 miles from Horine station, on Iron Mountain R. R. — 28 cultivated, 46 tim- 
(D\j ber — 200 apple trees, 100 peach trees, 100 pears, and 600 young trees — log honse of 2 
rooms, corn crib, smoke house, &c. Price, $5,500. 

124. 

Q/^ ACRES flrat-rate fruit land — 5 acres cleared, good house, cistern; H mile from Vine- 
O kJ land, on I. M. R. R. — 47 miles from St. Louis. $20 per acre. 

125. 
ACRES about i mile from Vineland depot, — 15 acres improved — $30 per acre — half 



4U cash 



25 



ACRES unimproved — within J mile of Vineland. $25 per acre — half cash. 

127. 



A Q ACRES IH miles from Vineland depot — 20 improved, good log house and cisterUj 1 



acres orchard — part bearing. Price $1,400 — half cash. 

128. 



QOA ACRES, 40 improved — good dwelling, never failing stream through the place. — 
O^yJ Price, $3,000 — part cash. 

ALf O, several lotii, of 4 and 5 acres each, near Vineland depot, at $50 per acre. The above 
are all very convenient to railroad, in one of the best fruit regions of the State, where 
an intelligent, industrious community are rapidly building up a town, with church and school 
convenient. Property here is advancing as rapidly as in any other portion of the State. — 
23*866 letter from Vineland in this number of Quarterly. 

144. 
-1 fip^'Ti ACRES, 1 mile north from Victoria station, on Iron Mountain R. R. — 16 acres 
lUcllOO fenced, good frame house of 6 rooms — never-failing stream of water convenient 
to house. $12 per acre 

JOHNSON COUNTY. 

T. 

11 tj ACRES of excellent land, good timber and part prairie, in T 45 R 26and 26 — with- 
J. I in 2 miles of the city of Warrensburg. Price, $30 per acre. 

8. 
QOn -*CKESt T 44 R 21, same county, near the line of the Tebo and Neosho R. R. $2& 
t5/^U per acre. 

9. 
rjTWO 80-acre tracts, in T 44 R 24, same county. $20 per acre. 

10. 

Af\ ACRES — section 26, T 44 R 24 w — excellent timber, and the best COAL BANK ia 
4tU that pan of the State already opened. $40 per acre. 

LAFAYETTE COUNTY. 

92. 

Ci ACi ACRES, 160 fenced and cultivated, plenty of timber, frame house, eight rooms and 
/^ HL\J kitchen, good outbuildings, good well and line orchard. $30 per acre 

LAWEENCE COUNTY. 

158. 
Q QQ40 ACRES timber land, in section 1, T26 R 29 w — selected for its valuable timber 
/^OtJlOO to supply the adjoining prairie in Newton county. $6 per acre. 

LINCOLN COUNTY. 

77. 
O^a ACRES, 110 fenced, 86 cultivated, balance timber, log house of 5 r^oms, and au- 
fJtJ/^ other with 2 rooms — orchard, 200 bearing trees, good water, and range for stock. 
$12 per acre. 

MADISON COUNTY. 

69. 
QrvOrv ACRES of pine land, 90 acres of good, rich bottom, with log house, staliles, corn 
OUOU crib, &c., 12 miles from PUot Knob. $5,25 per acre. 

71. 
rrilN LANDS — an interest in a valuable tract can be had on good terms, 

170. 

m ACRES in T 32 R 6 e — in tl.e Famous Tin Region. Land in that vicinity hM 
been sold, since the Ist of May, for $50 per acre. This tract can be had at a bargain. 



ADVERTISKMENT8. Tlf 

MAKIES COUNTY. 

136. 
Q Qr\ ACRES choice farming land in T 40 R 7 w — from 8 to 10 miles north of Southwest 
O/^W Pacic R. B. Prairie and timber about equally divided. The Peavine creek flows 
through this tract, and there are two lasting springs of pure cold water on it. Price $10 to 
$16 per acre. 

MONTGOMERY COUNTY, 
ai. 

QCri ACRES, 6 miles from railroad and 8 from county seat, 200 acres cultivated, bal- 
OOw ance Qnest timber — 250 acres choice bottom land. 3 houses on the premises, one- 
unfinished, 52x20, with an ell of 2 rooms — abundance of living water. $12.60 per acre — half 
cash, balance 1 and 2 years. 

IT. 
1 OO ACRES choice prairie land 1^ miles from Wellsville, on North Missouri R. R. — 
L /^yj near good ti||uber. $10 per acre. 

34. 
ACRES good prairie, 2 miles from Wellsville. $9 — part on time. 



140 



15. 

£? f\ ACRES prairie land, adjoining Wellsville, on North Missouri R. R. — 40 cultivated. 
O vy $120 worth of fruit trees set out last spring. 40acres good timber. New framehouse 
of 3 rooms. $33 per acre — part on time. 

16. 
lOn ACRES, « mile from Wellsville, on N. M. R. R.— 65 acres cultivated. Fram©^ 
L'^yj house, &c. $20 per acre — half cash, balance one year. 

NEWTON COUNTY. 

145. 
O A /^ ACRES lead land, from which large quantities of mineral havebeen taken. An 
O^ v^ undivided half interest for sale, at $30 per acre. 

157. 
/;»rkr\ acres Orst-rate prairie land, in T 26 R 29 w, on the line of the surveyed route of 
OL/L/ the Southwest Pacific R. R., and entered on the opinion of an experienced engineer 
that a city must, frum the topography of the country, be built in that vicinity — it affording 
the best location between Neosho and St. Louis. Price, $6 per acre. 

OSAGE COUNTY. 

100. 

QQ/^ ACRES of wild land — 25 acres prairie, balance timber. It is in a good neighbor- 
OO v^ hood and within 8 miles of Linn City, the county seat, and not over 12 miles from 
the railroad running from St. Louis to Jefferson City. Price, $5 per acre — or will trade for 
city property at reasonable figures. 

PETTIS COUNTY. 

70. 

O A /~\ ACRES, 50 fenced and cultivated, 40 timber, neat and substantial new frame 
1^ ~r V_/ house, 7 rooms, hall and porch — large barn, stables, smoke house, fine corn crib, 
cistern and yard — young orchard and excellent land. Cost of improvements about $6,600. 

68. 

Q A A ACRES, 11 miles from Secfelia, 10 miles from Pacific R. R.— first quality rolling 
,4ii\J\J prairie. $10 per acre. 

PHELPS COUNTY. 

150. 

HOTEL STAIVD — 290 acres — the farm of Judge Powalson, 13 miles from Rolla, on the 
road to Sdlem. Never-failing water — 100 hundred acres under cultivation, balance 
mostly fenced. Excellent orchard of various kinds of fruit trees. Good opening for some- 
ennerprising man to keep a half-way house, and an excellent farm. $13 per acre. 

PIKE COUNTY. 

18. 

IQA ACRES superior wheat land — on good gravel road, 10 miles from Louisiana, on 
0\J Mississippi river, and on contemplated St. Louis and Keokuk R. R. 120 acres in 
cultivation, about 200 choice bearing apple trees, best of living water and plenty of timber. 
$30 per acre — purt on time. 

12-2. 
qAA ACRE.si, only 4 miles from Bowling Green, the county seat — convenient to roads 
%J\)\J leadint to all parts of county — 15 miles frum Louisiana, on the line of the Louisi- 
ana and Kansas City R. R., now In course of construction. Good land — good neighborhood 
— 400 acres uiider fence — cottage frame house of 9 rooms, with all convenient outhouses. — 
Sood water at the door, and unfailiBg running stream, so located, that if this tract were 



riii ADVERTISEMENTS. 

divided into 5 small farms, each would be supplied with stock water. Orchard of 200 bear- 
ing apple trees, and some other choice fruit, and a large blue-grass pasture. This is an ex- 
cellent farm, and worthy the attention of those who want a good place. By the Journal of 
the State Horticultural Association, Pike is shown to be one of the best fruit-growing coun- 
ties in the State. Title perfect. Price, $20,000. 

123. 
f^Q /j ACRES, lying partly in Pike ^ui partly in Lincoln county. This land will be sold 
/ O ~c in three divisions, or purchasers can subdivide to suit themselves. It is on the 
gravel road between Louisiana, Pike county, and Louisville, Lincoln county. Good neigh- 
borhood and convenient to churches and schools. LOT 1 embraces 230 acres, of which 80 
are cleared and fenced; soil rich and fertile. A good tobacco barn, 150 acres good timber, 
hickory, oak, walnut, ash, sugar maple, &c. Price, $19 per acre. LOT 2 embraces 300 
acres — good farm in cultivation ; good 2-story frame house of 7 rooms, portico, porch, &c.; 
10 tobacco barns, stables, 6 laborer's houses, 3 wells, 200 choice a'^ple trees, 100 selected 
peach trees and some other choice fruits — 40 acres blue-grass pasture, '0 acres timothy and 
160 acres clover. Some timber on this tract, also a good sugar orchard ; only 14 miles, by 
gravel road, from ClarksviUe. Price, $26 per acre. LOT 3 contain* 204 6J-100 acres, of 
which 18 acres are cleared, the remainder heavily timbered with oak, "hickory, v:*lnut, ash, 
maple, &.C. 5i3Tirst-rate location for a steam saw-mill. Soil go(jl. Price, $20 per 
acre — or we will sell the whole 734 62-100 acres for $20 per acre. Terms, oi-e-third cash, — 
balance in 1, 2, 3, or 5 years, with 10 per cent, interest. 

PLATTE COUNTY. 

103. 
ACRES, 90 cultivated, balance valuable timber; 2 miles from L avenworth city. 
$15 per acre. 

PEEEY COUNTY. 

102. 

ACRES, 200 in cultivation, — good house, four miles from MisEieeippi river. $12^60 
per acre. 

EEYNOLDS COUNTY. 



514 



500 



Q Q A ACRE FARM — west half of sec. 26, T 30, north R 1 west, in Reynolds county, 
O /^ U situated near the copper mines, and supposed tc be rich in minerals. A part good 
lor agricultural purposes, and line fruit growing laud. Price only $10 per acre. 

SALINE COUNTY. 

142. 

ACRES, prairie and timber, unimproved — excellent land, only 3 miles north from 

Boonville. $10 per acre. 

143. 
ACRES, excellent timber, 2 miles from Hazel Grove, near the county road — lasting 
stream of water on the tract. $15 per acre. 

SHANNON COUNTY. 

115. 
QOA ACRES, 150 clear prairie, balance timber — good watei — 14 miles from Tbomas- 
O/WV/ viUe, the county seat. $8 per acre. 

116. 
ACRES, about 200 prairie, balance timber — good spring. $6 per acre. 



318 

80 



640 



ST. CHARLES COUNTY. 

119. 
IQA ACRES, — good upland farm in section 31, T 46 R 3 e, at junction of 2 important 
AOU roads, about 2 miles from the Missouri river, near Howell's Ferry Landing. 100 acres 
cultivated, balance good timber land. An orchard of 8 acres ; a new 2-story house, 48 feet 
long, with an ell 22 feet deep — 2 halls, and cellar under main building — house just completed 
at a cost of upwards of $3,000. Three good cisterns, with outbuildings. Title perfect.— 
Price, $7,200 — part on time. 

120. 

1fif\ ACRES — ne H sec. 5, T 46 R 3 e — high upland — partly broken oak timber land, 
\JV-/ well adapted for wheat or fruit growing, or for raising tobacco. 9 acres cultivated, 
new log house 16x18, with stable, corn crib and other buildings, all new. It is only J mile 
from Howell's Ferry, opposite Olive Street Plank Road to St. Louis. Wood enough can be 
cut from the timber land to pay for the place in a .short time, and sold at the landings at from 
$3,00 to $3,50 per cord. At present the price of cutting cord-wood is $1 per cord. Price, 
$4,000 — part on time. 

108. 
C) A f\ ACRES, adjoining the above, 175 acres well fenced and in cultivation, 66 good 
y^frW timber — comfortable dwellings, good barn and outbuildings, ind a fine orchard.— 
Price, $60 per acre. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. UC 

117. 
QAA ACRES, 200 improved— good house and farm buildings, and large orchard of choice 
tJ\J\J fruit — situated on Boone's Lick Road, 3 miles from Gilmore. $36'per acre. 

118. 
OAA ACRES, — 160 improved — dwelling house and other improvements — situated near 
/^\J\J Boone's Lick road, 3 miles from Gilmore. $60 per acre. 

113. 
O/l n •^^^^^' ^'^^ improved — good house, tobacco barn, corn crib, &c. Situated on the 
/^'-k.\j Boone's Lick road, 5 miles from Wentzville, and 4 from Millville. $25 per acre. 

110. 
XQA ACRES, 400 in cultivation, 120 timber, all under fence- situated 4 miles below 
tJ^XJ St. Charles, on road to Alton, Ills. For raising wheat, corn, &c., this farm cannot 
be surpassed in the county. Good improvem uts. $60 per acre, on fair terms. 

STODDAED COUNTY. 

123. 

LA!VDSnear St. Luke, on Cairo & Pulton Railroad — high, level, rich alluvial soil, very 
rich — some plowLd and ready for cultivation. $1,25 per acre. 

TEXAS COUNTY. 

125. 

LARGE HOTEL BUILDIIVG, smoke house, large barn and stable, with 10 acres good 
tillable laud, on which are 100 fruit trees. Adjoining Houston, where a good hotel is 
needed. $3,000 

126. 
1/;?/^ ACRES, 8 miles north on RoUa road — 45 in cultivation-^good frame dwelling, 
J.U Vy smoke house, barn, &c. — also, young orchard and never-failing spring. $1,800. 

127. 
QfiO ACRES, — best in the county — nearly everv acre splendid land — well watered and 
OUU finely situated, 3 miles east of town. $2,500. 

128 

FARM — 200 acres, 3 miles south of town. Good log house and kitchen, stable, corn crib 
and smoke house — 50 acres in cultivation — 2 never-failing springs on the premises. — 
Price $1,200 

129. 
'\f*f\ ACRES in edge of Wright county, 20 miles from Houston — splendid tract on which 
IDU are three fine springs. $300. 

130. 
ar\C\ ACRES, 5 miles east of town — hewed log house — good timber and water, and 30 
/^\)\) acres cleared. 

131. 
1 Q^ ACRES, 5 miles northeast of town — good timber on it, and water convenient. 

132. 
QQ/^ ACRES, 6 miles from town — all guud tiinii.- . 

I:!". 

10f\ ACRES Smiles north of town nvi 2 from Roger's Mill — 100 cleared, in valley — 
\)\J balance good pine timber. $2,50 pfr acre. 

134. 
Q R A ACRES, all good— 5 miles from town— 20 now in wheat $6 per acre 

135. 
QOn ACRES, flrst-rate pine land, 6 miles northeast of town. $5 per acre. 

136. 
3rth 
L, 1 /^\J timbered — on good terms. 
' 137. 

Ol K ACRES 12 miles east of town, at $1,75 per acre. 

138. 
ACRES 13 miles from town, at $1,75 per acre. 



1 I QA ACRES in T 32, 18 miles northwest of town — good soil, and well watered and 



298 
40 



ACRES, Smiles we«t on Hartville road — house, stable and corn crib, and 10 acre* 
improved. Price, $200. 

140. 
ACRES, 14 miles southwest of town, at a reasonable price. 



240 

141. 

Id Af\ ACRES, 7 miles from Houston, the county seat— 160 acres have been cultiva- 
.^41:U ted balance mostly fine grass prairie, some timber — house and fences burnt 

off, but outbuildings left. Price, $6 per acre. 



X ADVERTISEMENTS. 

117. 
OQQ ACRES, — 50 cultivated, 150 flt for cultivation, balance timber — on Big Piney, » 
/^0«7 fork of the Gasconade river, and having a good Water Power. Price, ^2,600. 

106. 

STEAM SAW MILL — engine 12 inch cylinder, 3 feet stroke, two boilers, all in perfect 
order, and now running ; good house and outbuildings, and 1,480 acres laud, 6 miles from 
Houston, on the road to RoUa. Price $9,000. 

WASHINGTON COUNTY. 

169. 
Q /I O AC^^^i i° sections 8, 9 and 16, in T 35 R 3 e — six miles from Iron Mountain and 
tj ^\J Irondale, and 4 miles from a railroad station on Iron Mountain R. R. — 73 milee 
from St. Louis. This is well adapted for a fruit, grain, grass and stock farm. Good im- 
provements — plenty of timber and water. Price, $13 per acre. 

160. 
QC/\ ACRES unimproved lands, suitable for fruit growing or farming — well watered, 
OtJU plenty of timber — in sections 23, 24 and 25, in T 34 R 2 e. Nine miles from Iron 
Mountain and same from Pilot Knob. Title perfect. Price, $6 per acre. 

109. 

11 A A ACRES on Big River, 4 miles from Irondale 300 acres well fenced and culti- 
l\J\J vated. balance timber ; about half of the entire tract is bottom land — frame 
house and outbuildings. $16 per acre. 

177. 

LEAD MIIVE — 320 acres in section 27, T 40 R 1 e — developed lead land. Small im- 
provement. Price, $5 per acre. 

WAllEEN COUNTY. 

•'' 159. 

Kf^Oee ACRE.S, 2 miles from Warrenton, south 01 North Missouri R. R. 200 acres 
tJ I OlOO arable, remainder suitable for orchards and Tdapted to the « jlture of the grape. 
Heavily timbered, aud indications that the greater portion is underlaid with coal. Price, $3 
and $10 per acre. 

14. 
1 fiC\ ^^'^^^ choice white oak timber, only 3mUes fiom Pendleton, on North Missouri 
A \j\J Railroad. Price, $5 per acre. 

WEBSTEE COUNTY 

6. 
1 on ACRES — oj of neX sec. 12, and seH of seH of sec. 1, T 28 R 18 — one of the best 
1/^U tracts of land for a farm in that part of the State. Located several years ago an 
first quality agricultural land. Piice, $6 per acre. 

166. 
I C) A ACRES fertile table land, 14 miles from Marshfleld, county seat and station on S. 
J.-^ W W. Paciflc R. R. — 26 milet from Springfield. Price, $6 per acre. 

WEIGHT COUNTY. 

107. 
f^K ACRES good improved land — 1-story frame house, good orchard 15 years old. Price, 
f «J including some unimproved land, $1,000. 

112. 
/J /J /^ ACRES unimproved upland, ]J miles from Uartsville, close to the Gascou&dfr 
'Tt'^vv river. Price, $2.50 per acre. 

GEAZING LANDS. 

175. 
0*7 000 ACRRS in New Madrid couuiy, suitable for grazing purposes, will be sold 
/^ I jXjyjyj at a great bargain, as the owner is OBLIGED TO SELL. Title perfect. 

A GEEAT BAEGAIN. 

173. 

11 C) /^ ACRES in T 38 R 10 w, in Maries county — nearly all in a body. More than 
3 ■•• ^\J half llist-class farming land, similar to lands in Bourbon and Payette coun- 
tieo, Kentucky. Weil watered, good timber, healthy location — within 4 and 6 miles of S. 
W. Paciflc R. R. Win be sold together at $2, or subdivided into small tracts at $2,26. 

TIN LANDS. 

174. 

W: have several tracts of Isfud in THE RICHEST TIN REGION IN THE WORLD. Some 
of them are partially developea, arid the owners must sell an interest, or the whole 
tract. Great bargains can be haU if applied for soon. 

\ 



ADVERTISEMENTS. X\ 

I !_. X_i I IsT O I S . 

5;^ Most of the larger tracts uamed in this list will be subdivided to suit pnrcha8er8.«|3J 

ALEXANDER COUNTY. 

169. 
ACRES excellent timber land. 23 miles from Cairo, being wj of sek and si of swj< 



160 



sec. 5, T 14 R 1 w. In a well settled ueighburhood — has 40 acres under cultivation, 
U log tenements and good outbuildings. About 4 miles frum two stations on Illinois Central 
R. R. Mill Creek runs along side the land — saw and grist mills and schools conTenient. — 
'Healthy location — good farming community. Price, $12 per acre. 

CLAY COUNTY. 

37. 

1 Pf\ A^CRES iuT 3 R 5 east, within 2 miles of Xenia, on Ohio &. Mississippi Railroad 
lOU (iood soil. Price, $10 per acre. 

38. 
Q Q ACRES, choice prairie, 3 miles from Xenia, on Ohio & Mississippi Railroad. Price 
O /^ $15 per acre. 

CLINTON COUNTY. 

165. 
,p^fyf\ ACRES, in 3 different sections, T 2 R 2 w. directly along Ohio &. Mississippi R. R., 
(jOVy only about 8 miles from Sandoval, the railroad crossing Good soil — good neigh- 
torhood. Price from $10 to $16 per acre. 

GALLATIN COUNTY. 

157. 
Qi^f\ ACRES, in T 9R 8 e, about 500 acres in a body — excellent bottom land, on Saline, 
O I vj 2 miles from town of Eciuality, opposite the " United States ShU Works." Heavi- 
ly timbered and well adapted for cultivation. About 360 acres, in a body, on the bluffs, south 
of Hquality — valuable for its mineral. This Land is in the best Mineral region ii»the 
State. Mo6t of it is valuable for farming purposes. Will be subdivided to suit purcha- 
sers. Price, $8 per acre — part on time. 

158, 

Ifjrv ACRES in the Wabash Valley, in T SR 10 e. Desirable for farming purposes. — 
^U Price, $8 per acre. 

HAMILTON COUNTY. 

156. 
iy A r\ ACRES, known as the Grimes Farm — 60 acres under cultivation, balance heav- 
/*/ Hi \J ily timbered. In a good neighborhood. Valuable either as a farm or for its tim- 
ber. 16 miles from McLeausboro'. Price, $8per acre. 



40 



HARDIN COUNTY. 

164. 
ACRES, near Ohio river — Iron Lands — well timbered. { 

JEFFERSON COUNTY. 



2. 

GOOD OPEMNG FOR A SAW MILL We have for sale nj sec. 2, T 1 south, R 3 e., 
320acrps. Of this tract, 300 acres are covered with the finest growth of white oak. 
hickory, black walnut and basswood — most of the trees tall, straight, and of large size — 
the best quality of timber for saw logs. Here is a chance for a man with a small capi- 
tal to make a fortune, as the lumber manufactured would command $20 per M at the mill 
as fast as it could be sawed, and a portable mill, costing not to exceed $2,500, would easily 
saw 10,000 feet per day. The soil is good, and well adapted for fruit culture. This is in the 
very best fruit region of the State. The land lies well for a farm, after the timber is cut 
off, and the timber from a small portion of it will pay for the land. It is well watered, there 
being a never-failing spring of pure water near the centre of the tract. Price, only $10 per 
acre — not half its value to a man who would cut the timber and improve the property. This 
land is about 7 miles south from the Ohio &. Mississippi Railroad. 

MACON COUNTY. 

22. 

aAf\ ACRES,— improved farm — about Smiles north of Decatur. Good frame house 
/C4i:V/ with plenty of room for a large family — good smoke house, barn, wagon house 
cattle sheds, corn cribs, 2 good wells of never failing water and large cistern. Farm all en- 
elosed, and several cross-fences — good young orchard of about 300 apple trees in bearing — 
also, peach and cherry trees — fine lot of shade trees around the house. Price, $60 per acre 
— one-third down, balance on time. 



Xil ADVERTISEMENTS. 

28. 
Q A ACRES — good farm, all under cultivation — 40 acres in meadow — railroad fence cm 
OL' the east, and Osage hedge fence dividing the forties, and on the west side of the north 
forty — all good tillable land — located 6 miles south of Decatur and 1 mile south of Wheat- 
laud, on the Illinois Central Railroad. $25 per acre, cash 

26. 
orvACRE FARM — about 8 miles from Monticello.9 miles from Cerro G-ordo and II miles 
Cj\J from Maroa. Good cabin of 2 rooms — good well — 38 acres in excellent cultivation 
and enclosed by other lands. Cheap at $17^50 per acre — part on longtime. 

27. 
-| (^f\ ACRE FARM in Niantic township, and 10 acres of timber about IJ miles south of 
l^V/ the farm, l^story frame house, 16x32 feet, 4 rooms — good well and small orchard. 
New stable and corn crib, 14x30 feet. Price, $35 per acre, cash, 

33. 
QOA ACRES — unimproved prairie — about 8 miles southwest of Maroa — partly en- 
O/^U closed by other lands — a No. 1 spring branch, affording abundance of water the 
year round — 1500 head of cattle were watered there last year. A due opportunity for mak- 
ing a first-rate stock farm. Price, $20 per acre. 

31. 
-| J O ACRES choice prairie — enclosed, all under cultivation, and situated 1 mile west of 
14o the railroad station at Wheatland — part of neH sec. 5, T 15 U 2 e. $60 per acre. 

MACOUPIN COUNTY. 

151. 
1 ACRES good land well improved, adjoining the town of Staunton. Price $X,600. 



38! 



MAEION COUNTY. 

34. 
i < "^43 ACRES timber land, undulating and well watered. Farms adjoining. 1 mile 
^t^^llO soutli of Middleton, on the Ohio& Mississippi Railroad. Price, $10 per acre. 

35. 
OQri ACRES good farming land — sufficient timber for use of farm — between Ohio & 
^^\J Mississippi Railroad. Price, $10 per acre. 

32 
^ A r\ ACRES, imile east of Cerro Gordo — neM and nj of se!4 of sec. 35, T 17 R 4 e — 
^ftU 100 acres improved, good frame house of 2 rooms. Partly enclosed with other land 
— a flue tract of land offered at a low tigure. Cerro Gordo being one of the best shipping 
points on the Toledo, Wabash and Western Railway. Price, $30 per acre. 



EICHLAND COUNTY. 

152. 
-if\n ACRES good land. 2 miles from Noble, on Ohio & Mississippi Railroad. Prairie 
Ib'U and timber— sufficiently undulating for drainage. Price, $10 per acre. 

162. 
O 4 rv ACRES good prairie land, with some timber, and within 3 miles of Ohio & Missis- 
qZJ.|J sippi Railroad, in tracts of from 40 to 160 acres, if desirable — excellent farming 
land. Price from $8 to $15 per acre. 

163. 

1nr\ ACRES, in 2 tracts, in T 2 n R 9 e — good soil — within 6 miles of the Ohio &, Mis- 
UU sisBippi Railroad. Price, $10 per acre. 

164. 
^-aQ A ACRES prairie land, about 4 miles from Railroad. Price, $14 per acre. 

S.\:NGAM0N COUNTY. 

24. 
I 4 K. ACRE FARM— in T 16 R 3 east- 40 acres timber. 2-9tory frame house of five 
14 D roomt 2 halls, closets, &c. Smoke house with a good large walled cellar undei it- 
large barn with stable room for 24 head of stock — house and barn somewhat out of repair- 
good well in porch of house— young orchard of 26 or 30 trees— 60 acres of plow land,ba- 
ance pasture— a grove of 6 or 7 acres near the house — a good spring branch of never-fail- 
ine water fed by 3 sulphur springs, on the place — A No. 1 stock farm with good feed lots- 
will sell all or part of timber, to suit purchaser — withlli 3 miles of Toledo, Wabash & Wes- 
tern Railroad. Price, $43 per acre, cash. 



575 



WASHINGTON COUNTY. 

163. 

80 ACRES good farming land, moderately limbered — from 4 to 6 miles from Asb 
100 ley station ou Illinois Central Railroad. Price, $10 per acre. 



J — — — — — -•—_ — — -;•:< n f< c1 55 ;S cc 50 r; « Pi 5 




•3 J ,■ ti 5 * 9_' ' 

Su-J^ — — ?. X — ^■< — '.JwZxxx — ~".^~x — — >-:r>-:Sa:«B;jz;a 






2 



xto »o-* X 



i.9 



•3~ 



^3 



fetalis S3 
> s> J: u -; = 



' -. 3 



^^=1 

;|ll 



o^ 






— 5-- i- « n 3 



i?T 



'% 



NDEX TO ADVERTISEMEXTS. 



Tlic pa^iiiiiir oftln' lulvfrtistMueiits in this worli is altowfther iiulfpeiidcii 1 
of the i)a<rliio- of tilt* rcadinn: matter (exce])t a few paofes of editorial notices 
in the latter part of the book), as tlie reader will perceive. By bearin<r th is 
in mind Avhen seanhincr for advertisements, confnsion will he avoided. 



American AVine Co 27 

Artilicial Arms and I.ejjfs 2!) 

Allen & Sons. John U :i') 

Atlas Mntual Life Insurance Co. iiS 

Aloe . A . S. . Optician 54 

American Life Ins. Co 79 

Jiarnum"s Hotel 2 

Branch. Crookes & Co 5 

lii-own . A\ebcr iV: Co (t 

Bartholow. Lewis ct Co S 

Bushey ct Drucker 21 

Bvrne. Jr. & Co. , John 2G 

r>:uir i!t Bolile 44 

Blattner. J. . Optician 47 

Collins j!i: Ilolliday, Foundr\- 2 

( urtis & Co 2o 

( liamberlain. F. B .")l 

Crane c<: Letcher 27 

Chamberlin & Co.. C. F. HO 

( olton Dental Association I'y 

( 'rawshaw & Sons. J 7S 

I )ntcl)er t!c Co 40 

I )i(kerson & Jackson 44 

I )ownin<>' A Emerson 47 

Eairlc . Theo 59 Sinofcr Sewing Macliine 



Mitchell. U , & W %> 

Sew Eng. Mnt. Life Ins. Co. . . . 4:} 

Kew York Life Ins. Co '>7 

National Land Company (i4 

Owens. Lane. Dver & Co ii 

Olive Street Hotel 40 

Plant Bros.. Pratt & Co :! 

Phoenix Insurance Co 4 

Peiticrew. A. S. Machinery ]."> 

Provident Savings Institution... 2s 

Pearce ct Co. . H . O :{(i 

Paine i Co..R. II :V.) 

Parker, Xatlian H 42 

Pidrirdson ct Co 10 

Rice I't Stewait. Com'l College.. 4') 
Bin<>en AVashing Machine. ...... 7(') 

St. Louis Mnt. Life Ins. Co ] 

Sluder. \V. II. & E.i: U 

South Pacific Bailroad Co K; 

Sickles c<: Co.. J. B Ls 

Smith Sining Bed II) 

Simmons. ;Murray it Co .i:{ 

Second National IJank 2s 

St. Louis Lead & Oil Co (>:$ 



Fanners and Mechanics Ins. Co. (51 

Fiv. Holmes & Co 22 

Fox. A. J 59 

Filley. Chauncey 1 32 

(irand Gymnasia 12 

(iumersell. Sr.. IJ 17 

(iavlord & Co. . SamM A IS 

(iray, E. P :{4 

<;oodyenr*s Ind.aKub. Man'fg Co 45 

Howe Sewing Machine (iO 

Hdl. Conrad iV: Co 11 

Inihs. Meyer & Fusz 20 

Iron Mountain Eailroad 25 

Johnson ct Sawyer .54 

Jone.'~" Commercial College 24 

Keokuk Packet Co \ 10 

Life Association of America 48 

Longley. X. II , 74 

Laflin Powder Co 77 

Madeira . Wm . K 17 

Ma wdslev & Mepham 50 

Mever Brothers & Co 20 , 

Mitchell, J. W 42 

Munson. John W .58 ^ 

3Iississippi Scale Works 45 ! 

Missouri Steam Laundry 75 ' 

Mellor. Jose])!! X . . , 58 ' 

:\Iotlitt. Dental Establishment.... 75 
M<diitvre. J. AV H)_ 



.{0 

Sutter . Adoli)h 5s 

Sligp Iron Store 41 

Scott iS: Hart 42 

St. Louis Marble Works 40 

Smith. Bailey J 75 

Security Life Insurance Co 7S 

Thomi)son & Co.. II. M 7 

Thomas it Co.. Geo. (i :!3 

Tnttle. Chas. II 73 

Van. Sons & Co. J 31 

Wiiorf & Co. . Charles F 14 

\Vm. A. Pile. X. A. Life Ins. Co. . 02 

Wheeler & Wilson"s Sew. Mach. 20 

AVitinnar & Co.. A 45 

AValsh i- Co. J. B 40 

Young Bros & Co 37 

COVER. 

Balmer tt Weber 1 

Compton & Doan 4 

Central Savings Bank 1 

]""airbanks" Scales 4 

Fourth National Bank J 

Florence Sewing Machine 2 

(irover & Baker Sewing Machine 2 

Gray. AVillie H 4 

Jac<ard & Co.. E I 

Mnller & AVood 4 

Seaman ct Co.. A. D 4 

St. Loni- Book A: New- Cn 4 



^.J-oxixs 




f'5'OoiGiovlS 

207 
FQURTH ST. 



Fourth national Bank, 

OF SAIMT LOUIS, MO. 

CAPITAL AND SUBPIiUS, - - - $350,000. 

J. C. H. D. BLOCK, Prest. F. W. BIEBINGEK, Cash. 



coViPW 
p AoaH 

A at u 

N tjfeZS 
lCEI I 




CENTRAL SAVINGS BANK. 



JOSHPU O'NEIL. I'KEST. 



3t2 NOftTK THIRD STREET. 
S-A.I3SrT LOXJIS, IvIO., 

JOHN II. TllACY, C' 




STAXDAKl) 

^i JSk,. Ww. i^fti ^1^ 



°^eT 150 Modification*- 



OF ALL KINDS. 

Also F.agjrafrc BariOAVS, Warehouse Tnieks. Letter Pie.sses, &c. 

FAIRBANKS, GREENLEAF & CO., 

Nil 2(jy MAKKET STREET, .SAINT LOUIS, IIO. 



3ES- J-A.OO.A.H.I> cfc OO. 



DIKICCT IMl'OUTEKS 



WATCHES,, JMWmMW M SII^TERWARE, 

No. 302 Nortli Fourth St., Cor. Olive, under the Everett House, 

SyVTOSTT LOXJIS, IvIO. 

Diiitiionfls, Mu.ilcal lioxes, I'aticij Oooils, I'lated Wat-r, Ctitlevij, <£■<•., Ac. 



WILLIE H. GRAY, 

BOOKSELLER, 

Sfctiouer and Wholesale News Dealer, 

No. 308 Olive Street, bet, 3d & 4th, 

ST. Loxjis, 3vro. 



A. D. SEAMAN & CO. 

iii:ai,i:i;.s in 

412 & 414 PINE STREET, 

ST. LOI'IS, MO. 




M. 5^-1^ St. 

ST. LOUIS, MO. 



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OS 

FIRST PREMIUMS 







COMFTON&DOAN, 

AtiKNTS, 

204N. PIFTEST,, 

THE GREAT MUSIC UOISE. 

Send ior l^rioe Li-sts. 



H 12 901 








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iCKMAN 
DERY INC. |§ 
DEC 89 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



014 572 820 4 



